CN112913610A - Cultivation method for effectively reducing hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tuber - Google Patents
Cultivation method for effectively reducing hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tuber Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913610A CN112913610A CN202110105544.4A CN202110105544A CN112913610A CN 112913610 A CN112913610 A CN 112913610A CN 202110105544 A CN202110105544 A CN 202110105544A CN 112913610 A CN112913610 A CN 112913610A
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- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000515 cyanogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229930182478 glucoside Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000008131 glucosides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930182485 cyanogenic glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000008142 cyanogenic glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007255 decyanation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000221017 Euphorbiaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001253207 Laetia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001684 chronic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036417 physical growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012502 risk assessment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers, which comprises the following steps: (1) and (3) tillage: adopting powder ridge cultivation; (2) applying a base fertilizer: controlling N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not applied or is applied2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is (0-4): 1: 2; (3) sowing: obliquely inserting cassava seed stems into the ridge surface; other management is performed as usual. The method reduces the hydrocyanic acid content in the cassava root tuber through the ridge-crushing cultivation nitrogen-reducing cultivation method, is simple and easy to implement, and has obvious economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers.
Background
Cassava, a genus cassava of the family euphorbiaceae, is the third potato crop in the world and is also the most important food crop in developing countries. However, cassava is a typical cyanogenic plant, cyanogenic glucoside is an endogenous toxic and harmful component in the cassava, so that the eating or processing quality of the cassava is limited, and the development of the cassava eating industry is influenced. Therefore, cyanogenic glucoside is one of the most key safety indexes of cassava products. Risk assessment of the Joint Experts Committee for Food Additives (JECFA) shows that the chronic risk of food safety of cyanogenic glycosides mainly originates from cassava, and effective measures need to be taken to reduce the content of cyanogenic glycosides in cassava.
At present, the means for reducing the cyanogenic glucoside content of cassava mainly comprise: (1) selecting and breeding a cyanide-free cassava variety; (2) controlling biosynthesis of cassava cyanogenic glucoside or accelerating catabolism of cassava cyanogenic glucoside from a molecular level through a genetic engineering technology; (3) a treatment for removing cyanogen by working. Because the cassava varieties generally have potential hydrocyanic acid content, the cassava varieties with low toxicity are relatively difficult to breed by the traditional breeding method; decyanation by a genetic engineering technology has high efficiency and small nutrient loss, but potential safety hazards exist in transgenosis; the decyanation of the processing means needs a relatively complicated process.
Therefore, if the cyanogenic glucoside content of cassava can be regulated and controlled by farming and cultivation measures, great economic and social benefits can be generated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava block roots.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) tillage: adopting powder ridge cultivation;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: when no nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer or nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer is applied,controlling N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is (0-4): 1: 2;
(3) sowing: obliquely inserting cassava seed stems into the ridge surface;
other management is performed as usual.
Further, in the step (1), the ridge farming is performed as: the ridge smashing depth is 30-40cm, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, and the ridge distance is 100 cm.
Further, in the step (2), N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K20 is 0 to 2.51kg/70m2、0.21~0.62kg/70m2、0.42~1.31kg/70m2。
Further, in the step (2), N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 0: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0kg/70m2、0.62kg/70m2、1.31kg/70m2。
Further, in the step (2), N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0.83kg/70m2、0.21kg/70m2、0.42kg/70m2。
Further, in the step (2), N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is applied in an amount of 1.66kg/70m, respectively2、0.42kg/70m2、0.84kg/70m2。
Further, in the step (3), the sowing time is 3 Laetia.
Further, in the step (4), the row spacing of the sowed plants is 1m × 1 m.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cassava ridge smashing cultivation method disclosed by the invention utilizes the special spiral drill head of the ridge smashing machine to vertically dig into the soil (30-40cm), and the tractor pulls the soil to move forward, so that the operation procedures of plowing, raking, beating and the like required by conventional cultivation can be completed at one time. The core of ridge smashing cultivation is that soil of a whole plough layer is uniformly smashed, and upper and lower soil layers are kept to be not disordered; compared with the traditional cultivation, the method has the advantages that the thickness of the soil plough layer and the physical growth space of crop roots are obviously improved, the utilization rate of water and nutrient resources is greatly improved, the factors such as water, fertilizer, gas and heat of the plough layer soil are coordinated, and a good soil growth environment is provided for the growth of cassava crops.
Tests prove that the powder ridge culture can not only increase the yield of the cassava, but also greatly reduce the hydrocyanic acid content in the cassava root tuber, and the hydrocyanic acid content is in a decreasing mode along with the reduction of the nitrogen concentration.
In tests, the inventor also finds that when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a reducing way by 34 percent and 67 percent (other fertilizers are not used for replacing the chemical fertilizers applied in the reducing way), the yield which is equivalent to the normal fertilization in the conventional farming is still obtained, and the content of the hydrocyanic acid in the root tuber is respectively reduced by 332.00 percent and 133.12 percent compared with the control, so that the economic benefit is better.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Adopting a ridge grinding and farming method, wherein the ridge grinding specification is 30cm deep, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, the ridge distance is 100cm, a base fertilizer is applied with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, sowing is carried out in ten days after 3 months, cassava seed stems are obliquely inserted into the ridge surface, and the row spacing is 1m multiplied by 1 m; other management is carried out according to the conventional method;
n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 0: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0kg/70m2、0.62kg/70m2、1.31kg/70m2。
Example 2
Adopting a ridge grinding and farming method, wherein the ridge grinding specification is 40cm deep, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, the ridge distance is 100cm, a base fertilizer is applied with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, sowing is carried out in ten days after 3 months, cassava seed stems are obliquely inserted into the ridge surface, and the row spacing is 1m multiplied by 1 m; other management is carried out according to the conventional method;
n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0.83kg/70m2、0.21kg/70m2、0.42kg/70m2。
Example 3
Adopting a ridge grinding and farming method, wherein the ridge grinding specification is 35cm deep, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, the ridge distance is 100cm, a base fertilizer is applied with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, sowing is carried out in ten days after 3 months, cassava seed stems are obliquely inserted into the ridge surface, and the row spacing is 1m multiplied by 1 m; other management is carried out according to the conventional method;
n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is applied in an amount of 1.66kg/70m, respectively2、0.42kg/70m2、0.84kg/70m2。
Example 4
Adopting a powder ridge farming method, wherein the powder ridge is 35cm deep, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, the ridge distance is 100cm, no nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied, sowing is carried out in ten days after 3 months, cassava seed stems are obliquely inserted into the ridge surface, and the row spacing is 1m multiplied by 1 m; other management is performed as usual.
In order to illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the inventors set up the following comparative test tests, specifically as follows:
1. material test cassava varieties: south China 205.
2. The method 2019 and 2020 are carried out in the scientific research base built in Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences.
The main factors of the test design are different cultivation modes: powder ridge tillage (FL) is deep rotary tillage, conventional tillage-rotary tillage (CK); 8 secondary factors, wherein 1 is zero application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; 1 is the normal nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer dosage; 4, only reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer, and normally supplying potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer; and 2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer is reduced. The test layout is a split area design, the secondary factors are randomly arranged in blocks in the main factors, the row spacing of the plants is 1m by 1m, and each square meter is 60 square meters. Each treatment had 60 replicates at 3.
And in the harvest period, measuring the yield and hydrocyanic acid content of each processed cassava root tuber.
Wherein the ridge grinding and cultivating is characterized in that the ridge grinding depth is 35cm, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, and the ridge distance is 100 cm.
The test results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 nutrient dosage for field test
TABLE 2 influence of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the hydrocyanic acid content and yield of cassava root under different farming modes
Treatment 1 is zero fertilization; the treatment 6 is the normal dosage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (the dosages of the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are all 100%); the treatment 2-5 is nitrogen-reducing fertilization, and the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is 0-75% of that of the treatment 6; the treatments 7 and 8 are nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer reduced fertilization, and the dosages of the fertilizers are 33 percent and 66 percent of the dosages of the treatments 6 respectively.
From the treatments 1 to 6, the ridge-tilling can not only increase the yield of cassava but also greatly reduce the hydrocyanic acid content in cassava roots, and the hydrocyanic acid content is in a decreasing mode along with the reduction of the nitrogen concentration, wherein the hydrocyanic acid content is the lowest under the conditions of the treatments 1 and 2, zero fertilization and zero nitrogen fertilizer treatment.
From treatments 7 and 8, it can be seen that when 67% and 34% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a reduced manner (no other fertilizer is used to replace the applied fertilizer), the yield equivalent to that of normal fertilization in conventional farming is still obtained, and the content of the hydrocyanic acid in the root tuber is reduced by 133.12% and 332.00% compared with the control, so that the economic benefit is better.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) and (3) tillage: adopting powder ridge cultivation;
(2) applying a base fertilizer: controlling N, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer when the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is not applied or is applied2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is (0-4): 1: 2;
(3) sowing: obliquely inserting cassava seed stems into the ridge surface;
other management is performed as usual.
2. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the ridge farming is performed as follows: the ridge smashing depth is 30-40cm, the ground ridge surface is trapezoidal, the ridge width at the top is 50cm, the ridge width at the bottom is 70cm, and the ridge distance is 100 cm.
3. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the step (2)2O5、K20 is 0 to 2.51kg/70m2、0.21~0.62kg/70m2、0.42~1.31kg/70m2。
4. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the step (2)2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 0: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0kg/70m2、0.62kg/70m2、1.31kg/70m2。
5. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the step (2)2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is 0.83kg/70m2、0.21kg/70m2、0.42kg/70m2。
6. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: n, P in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the step (2)2O5、K2The application ratio of 0 is 4: 1: 2, N, P2O5、K20 is applied in an amount of 1.66kg/70m, respectively2、0.42kg/70m2、0.84kg/70m2。
7. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the sowing time is 3 last ten days.
8. The cultivation method for effectively reducing the hydrocyanic acid content of cassava root tubers as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the row spacing of the sowed plants is 1m multiplied by 1 m.
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CN102498843A (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2012-06-20 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Sweet potato cultivation method in hills and mountains |
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