CN112913589A - High-yield cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance Download PDFInfo
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- 235000017112 Abrus pulchellus subsp cantoniensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 244000155682 Abrus pulchellus subsp. mollis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 15
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
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- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000220436 Abrus Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000018716 Impatiens biflora Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015912 Impatiens biflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005155 Tanacetum balsamita Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical group [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical group [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000077 insect repellent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 208000006454 hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance, which comprises the following steps: grinding the seed of the Abrus mollis into skin, and removing the hard skin of the seed of the Abrus mollis; selecting loam or sandy loam plot which is not crop-rotated with leguminous crops and is not subjected to continuous cropping soil as a planting field; deeply ploughing soil, using decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and then raking and ridging; sowing the seeds of the abrus cantoniensis subjected to the skin grinding treatment on the furrows from the first ten days of 4 months to the first ten days of 5 months, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, and then conducting water and irrigation until the surfaces of the furrows are thoroughly wetted; after the seedlings of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance grow to the first height, a herringbone hedge frame is erected on the ridge; applying nitrogen fertilizer in seedling stage of Abrus mollis, applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in growth stage of Abrus mollis, and applying potassium fertilizer in flowering stage of Abrus mollis. The method can improve the emergence rate and emergence uniformity of the Abrus mollis, reduce continuous cropping obstacles of the Abrus mollis, reduce the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests, and obviously improve the yield and quality of the Abrus mollis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. More specifically, the invention relates to a high-yield cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance.
Background
The herba abri is a traditional Chinese medicinal material mainly produced in Guangxi, is derived from dried whole herb of abrusjuba (abruskuschellus subsp. mollis (Hance) Verdc) of leguminous plants, has the effects of clearing heat, removing toxicity, soothing liver and relieving pain, is one of main raw materials of herba abri capsules, herba abri pills, herba abri hepatitis granules and herba abri hepatitis granules, and has large dosage and high economic benefit. Since the eight ninety years of the last century, the researches on the change of the wild cichorium clavatum into the family species have been carried out in Guangxi, Guangdong and the like, but due to the biological characteristics of seed dormancy, fertilizer preference in the development process, drought fear, waterlogging fear and the like, a mature cultivation technical system is not established, so that the yield and the quality of the artificially cultivated cichorium clavatum medicinal material are uneven, and the development of the cichorium clavatum industry is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages described later.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for high-yield cultivation of abrus herb, comprising the steps of:
s1, grinding the seeds of the Abrus mollis into skin, and removing the hard skin of the seeds of the Abrus mollis;
s2, selecting loam or sandy loam plots which are not crop-rotated with leguminous crops and are not in continuous cropping soil as planting lands;
s3, deeply ploughing soil, using decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and then raking and bedding;
s4, sowing the garden balsam stem seeds processed by the S1 on the furrow in the first ten days of the 4 th month to the last ten days of the 5 th month, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, and then introducing water to soak and irrigate until the surfaces of the furrow are thoroughly wetted;
s5, after the seedlings of the Abrus mollis are grown to the first height, building a herringbone hedge frame on the ridge;
s6, additionally applying a nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of the hairy chicken herb, additionally applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer at the growth stage of the hairy chicken herb, and additionally applying a potassium fertilizer at the flowering stage of the hairy chicken herb.
Preferably, in step S1, abrus cantoniensis seeds harvested in the previous year are selected, the hundred-grain weight of the seeds is more than 1.8g, and the water content of the seeds is less than 12%.
Preferably, the thickness of the soil layer of the loam or sandy loam selected as the planting place in the step S2 is more than 50 cm.
Preferably, in the step S3, the soil is turned deeply to a depth of 40-50 cm, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of planting field in combination with turning, and when furrows are made, the width of each furrow is 0.5-1.0 m, the height of each furrow is 0.2-0.4 m, and the width of each furrow is 0.4-0.5 m.
Preferably, before sowing in the step S4, two parallel planting furrows are dug in the furrow surface along the length direction of the furrow, when sowing, seeds of abrus cantoniensis hance are sowed in the planting furrows, the seed consumption per mu of land is 2-3 kg, and after sowing, the surface of the seeds is covered with 0.5-1 cm of soil.
Preferably, the first height in step S5 is 30cm, a herringbone hedge frame is erected every 20-30 cm along the length direction of the ridge, and the length of the rod body of the herringbone hedge frame is 1.8-2 m.
Preferably, in the step S6, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in addition to the young chicken bone, and iron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer are also applied in addition to the young chicken bone, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the iron fertilizer is ferric sulfate, the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate, and the dosage ratio of nitrogen element, iron element and molybdenum element is 10: (0.08-0.15): (0.04-0.09), additionally applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the growth period of the hairy chicken bone herb, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer in the flowering period of the hairy chicken bone herb, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and in the whole additional fertilizer process, the dosage ratio of nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements and potassium elements is 10: (1-2.5): (1.5-3.5).
Preferably, the herringbone fence frame includes:
the square plate is provided with a plurality of first circular through holes in the side length direction of each edge close to two opposite sides on the plate surface, the center of the top surface of the square plate is connected with a cylinder, and the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with internal threads;
the bottle body is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread on the inner wall of the cylinder at the bottle neck so as to be detachably connected with the cylinder through the thread, the bottom of the bottle body is provided with a second through hole, and a check valve which is opened from the outside of the bottle to the inside of the bottle is arranged in the second through hole;
the square plate is provided with four rod bodies, the rod bodies are hollow, the upper ends of the rod bodies are connected with U-shaped buckles penetrating through one first through holes in the square plate so as to be movably connected with the square plate, the four rod bodies are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the square plate, and each edge is connected with two rod bodies;
wherein, each body of rod upper end still is provided with the third through-hole, four fourth through-holes have been seted up in the region that the square plate is located the drum, and each fourth through-hole passes through hose and a third through-hole intercommunication, the body of rod intussuseption is filled with porous alumina, a plurality of openings have been seted up from last to down on the body wall of the rod.
Preferably, a fifth through hole is formed in the upper end of the rod body, the fifth through hole is connected with a first vertical part of the U-shaped buckle in a rotating mode, the tail end of the first vertical part of the U-shaped buckle is connected with a baffle located in the rod body to prevent the U-shaped buckle from being separated from the fifth through hole, the length of a second vertical part of the U-shaped buckle is smaller than that of the first vertical part, the second vertical part of the U-shaped buckle rotates to the position above the rod body and just contacts with the upper end of the rod body, a blind hole is formed in the position, opposite to the second vertical part of the U-shaped buckle, of the upper end of the rod body, a magnetic pole is arranged in the blind hole, and the tail end of the second vertical part of the U-shaped buckle is provided with another magnetic pole which is mutually attracted with the.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: through the pretreatment of the hard-seed-breaking part of the Abrus mollis seeds, the dormancy of the Abrus mollis seeds can be broken, and the emergence rate and emergence uniformity of the Abrus mollis are improved; by selecting a proper planting field, the continuous cropping obstacles of the Abrus mollis can be reduced, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced; the reasonable space between the shelves can ensure the ventilation and illumination of plants, enlarge the photosynthesis area and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests; through reasonable fertilization management measures, the yield and the quality of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance can be obviously improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a chevron-shaped hedge frame according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the square plate of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the U-shaped buckle of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
A high-yield cultivation method of Abrus mollis comprises the following steps:
s1, grinding the seeds of the Abrus mollis into skin, and removing the hard skin of the seeds of the Abrus mollis;
the method preferably comprises the steps of selecting Abrus mollis seeds harvested in the last year, wherein the hundred grain weight of the seeds is more than 1.8g, the water content of the seeds is less than 12%, and grinding the seeds by using a rice mill to remove hard skins of the Abrus mollis seeds;
s2, selecting loam or sandy loam plots which are not crop-rotated with leguminous crops and are not in continuous cropping soil as planting lands;
the loam or sandy loam which is fertile, has the soil layer depth of more than 50cm, is loose, ventilated, has good drainage, keeps fertilizer and water and has sufficient water source is preferably selected, the land with sufficient illumination is used as a planting land, the crop rotation with leguminous crops is avoided, and the continuous cropping soil is forbidden;
s3, deeply ploughing soil, using decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and then raking and bedding;
the depth of the soil is deeply ploughed to 40-50 cm, and the rotten farmyard manure is applied to each mu of planting land by turning the land, wherein when furrows are made, the width of the furrow surface is 0.5-1.0 m, the height of the furrow is 0.2-0.4 m, and the width of the furrow is 0.4-0.5 m.
S4, sowing the garden balsam stem seeds processed by the S1 on the furrow in the first ten days of the 4 th month to the last ten days of the 5 th month, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, and then introducing water to soak and irrigate until the surfaces of the furrow are thoroughly wetted;
two parallel planting ditches are dug in the furrow surface along the length direction of the furrow, when in sowing, garden balsam stem seeds are sowed in the planting ditches, the seed consumption per mu of land is 2-3 kg, after sowing, the surface of the seeds is covered with 0.5-1 cm of soil, and the soil is soaked in small water until the furrow surface is thoroughly wetted;
s5, after the seedlings of the Abrus mollis are grown to the first height, building a herringbone hedge frame on the ridge;
when the seedlings are about 30cm high, bamboo poles with the length of 1.8-2 m are inserted into the positions, corresponding to each other, of every 20-30 cm on the two rows of planting furrows on the ridge surface to form a herringbone hedge frame.
Of course, another herringbone hedge frame is designed in the invention, and comprises:
the square plate comprises a square plate 1, wherein a plurality of circular first through holes 2 are formed in the side length direction of each edge of the plate surface close to two opposite sides, a cylinder 3 is connected to the center of the top surface of the square plate 1, and internal threads are formed in the inner wall of the cylinder 3;
the bottle body 4 is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread on the inner wall of the cylinder 3 at the bottle mouth, so that the bottle body 4 is detachably connected with the cylinder 3 through the thread, the bottom of the bottle body 4 is provided with a second through hole, and a one-way valve 5 which is opened from the outside of the bottle to the inside of the bottle is arranged in the second through hole;
the square plate comprises four rod bodies 6, wherein the rod bodies 6 are hollow, the upper ends of the rod bodies 6 are connected with U-shaped buckles 7 penetrating through one first through holes 2 in the square plate 1 so that the rod bodies 6 are movably connected with the square plate 1, the four rod bodies 6 are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the square plate 1, and each edge is connected with two rod bodies;
wherein, each 6 upper ends of the body of rod still are provided with the third through-hole, four fourth through-holes 8 have been seted up in the region that square plate 1 is located drum 3, and each fourth through-hole 8 passes through hose 9 and a third through-hole intercommunication, the intussuseption of the body of rod 6 is filled with porous alumina, from last a plurality of openings 10 of having seted up down on the 6 walls of the body of rod.
The fifth through hole has been seted up to the upper end of the body of rod 6, rotate in the fifth through hole and be connected with the first vertical portion of U-shaped knot 7, just the first vertical portion end-to-end connection of U-shaped knot 7 has and is located baffle 11 in the body of rod 6 to prevent that U-shaped knot 7 from deviating from the fifth through hole, the vertical portion length of second of U-shaped knot 7 is less than first vertical portion length, and the vertical portion of second of U-shaped knot 7 rotates extremely when the body of rod 6 top, just with the contact of the body of rod 6 upper end, the body of rod 6 upper end with the relative department of the vertical portion of second of U-shaped knot 7 has seted up the blind hole, be provided with magnetic pole 12 in the blind hole, the vertical portion end of second of U-shaped knot 7 be provided with another magnetic pole 12 that magnetic pole 12 inter attraction.
When the herringbone hedge frame is used, an insect repellent or a solution dissolved with a fertilizer is poured into the bottle body 4, the lower end of the rod body 6 is inserted into soil to form a herringbone frame, the bottle body 4 is reversely arranged on the cylinder 3, so that the agent or the fertilizer solution in the bottle body 4 can enter the hollow part of the rod body 6 along the hose 9 to soak porous alumina therein, when vines of the garden balsam stems climb on the rod body 6, if the insect repellent is filled in the bottle, the insect repellent soaked in the porous alumina can volatilize out from the opening 10 on the rod body 6 to play a role of repelling insects for a long time, if the fertilizer solution is filled in the bottle, the vines of the garden balsam stems are in contact with the plurality of holes on the opening 10 on the rod body 6, the fertilizer solution soaked in the porous alumina can be slowly and durably absorbed, and the problem that the fertilizer solution is wasted along the ground surface when the existing method of spraying the fertilizer solution on the leaf surface at one time is solved, the herringbone hedge frame provided by the invention can obviously avoid the waste of the fertilizer liquid to the greatest extent.
The U-shaped buckle 7 on the rod body 6 is a movable opening type, the U-shaped buckle 7 can be opened or closed by rotating the rod body 6, and thus the rod body 6 and the square disc 1 can be conveniently disassembled and assembled, and the square disc is convenient to carry and store.
S6, additionally applying a nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of the hairy chicken herb, additionally applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer at the growth stage of the hairy chicken herb, and additionally applying a potassium fertilizer at the flowering stage of the hairy chicken herb.
The nitrogenous fertilizer can be urea, the phosphate fertilizer can be monopotassium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer can be monopotassium phosphate or potassium sulfate.
< example 1>
In 2018, Ayulin city Yuzhou area Renzhou Tokyanjuan village (110 degrees 00 '16.46' east longitude, 22 degrees 37 '43.96' north latitude) is planted with 2 mu of hairy abrus herb, a field with rice as the first crop is selected as a planting field in 3 months, a rotary cultivator is used for deep ploughing for soil preparation with 60-70 cm, decomposed cattle manure is applied with 2000 kg/mu, machine ridging is carried out, the width of a ridge surface is 0.5m, the width of a ridge ditch is 0.5m, and the depth of the ridge ditch is 0.4 m. Purchasing seeds in 4 middle-ten days of the month, wherein the hundred grain weight of the seeds is more than 1.8g, the water content of the seeds is less than 12%, grinding the seeds by using a rice mill before sowing, sowing the seeds with the seed amount of 2.5 kg/mu in a row, sowing the seeds in two rows in each ridge, covering the seeds with 0.5-1 cm of soil after sowing, and irrigating the seeds with small water until the surfaces of the ridges are thoroughly wetted. At the bottom of 5 months, fertilizing once by 10 kg/mu of urea after raining, and inserting bamboo poles with the length of 1.8-2 m into the corresponding positions every 20-30 cm on the two rows of planting furrows on the ridge surface to form a herringbone hedge frame when the seedlings are about 30cm high. And 1 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the roots of 6 months, 7 months and 8 months respectively. Collecting the medicinal materials after 11 months and 20 days.
< example 2>
1 mu of hairy abrus herb is planted in the Yulin city Fumian district equal town and Hecun (the east longitude is 109 degrees, 59 degrees, 10.42 degrees and the northern latitude is 22 degrees, 34 degrees and 02.70 degrees), a field with sugarcane as the first crop is selected as a planting field in 3 months, a rotary cultivator is used for deeply turning over for land preparation by 60-70 cm, thoroughly decomposed cattle manure is applied to 1500 kg/mu, machine ridging is carried out, the width of a ridge surface is 0.5m, the width of a ridge ditch is 0.5m, and the depth of the ridge ditch is 0.4 m. Purchasing seeds in 4 middle-ten days of the month, wherein the hundred grain weight of the seeds is more than 1.8g, the water content of the seeds is less than 12%, grinding the seeds by using a rice mill before sowing, sowing the seeds in rows of two rows at intervals of 2kg, covering the seeds with 0.5-1 cm of soil after sowing, and irrigating the seeds with small water until the surfaces of the furrows are thoroughly wet. At the bottom of 5 months, fertilizing once by 10 kg/mu of urea after raining, and inserting bamboo poles with the length of 1.8-2 m into the corresponding positions every 20-30 cm on the two rows of planting furrows on the ridge surface to form a herringbone hedge frame when the seedlings are about 30cm high. And 0.75 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the roots of 6 months, 7 months and 8 months respectively. Collecting the medicinal materials after 11 months and 20 days.
< example 3>
The embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 1, and is different from the embodiment in that in the topdressing process, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 6 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate and 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 8 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
< example 4>
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that in the topdressing process, at the end of 5 months, fertilizer is applied once when it is rained, including 10 kg/mu of urea, 0.2 kg/mu of ferric sulfate, and 0.07 kg/mu of ammonium molybdate (the content of nitrogen element therein is almost negligible because the amount of ammonium molybdate is small), and at the end of 6 months, foliar fertilizer is applied once, including 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, and at the end of 7 months, foliar fertilizer is applied once, including 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and at the end of 8 months, foliar fertilizer including 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
< example 5>
The embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 4, except that the other herringbone hedge frame is used in the embodiment, in the topdressing process, foliar fertilizers applied at the bottom of 6 months, 7 months and 8 months are poured into a bottle body of the other herringbone hedge frame, and porous alumina for infiltrating a fertilizer liquid through an upper opening of a rod body is continuously provided for plants.
< comparative example 1>
The comparative example is basically the same as example 3, except that in the topdressing process, 10 kg/mu of urea is fertilized at the end of 5 months and no other fertilizer is fertilized at the end of 6 months, 7 months or 8 months after the rain.
< comparative example 2>
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 3, and is different from the topdressing process in that urea is not applied at the end of 5 months, foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 6 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 7 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1.5 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, and other fertilizers are not applied at the end of 8 months.
< comparative example 3>
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 3, and is different from the topdressing process in that urea is not applied at the end of 5 months, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 7 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and the foliar fertilizer comprises 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate.
< comparative example 4>
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 4, and is different from the topdressing process in that the fertilizer is spread once at the end of 5 months after raining, the topdressing process comprises 10 kg/mu of urea, 0.05 kg/mu of ferric sulfate and 0.03 kg/mu of ammonium molybdate, and the topdressing process comprises spraying the foliar fertilizer once at the end of 6 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 0.25 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, spraying the foliar fertilizer once at the end of 7 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 0.25 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 0.25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and spraying the foliar fertilizer once at the end of 8 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 0.5 kg.
< comparative example 5>
The comparative example is basically the same as the example 4, and is different from the comparative example in that in the topdressing process, fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 5 months after raining, the fertilizer comprises 10 kg/mu of urea, 0.4 kg/mu of ferric sulfate and 0.15 kg/mu of ammonium molybdate, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 6 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1.8 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 7 months, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises 1.8 kg/mu of monopotassium phosphate and 1 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once at the end of 8 months, and comprises 1.5 kg/mu of.
The medicinal materials collected in the above examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5 are dried in the sun and then weighed respectively, the dried medicinal materials obtained in each example are measured for total flavone content, total alkaloid content and total saponin content, the method for measuring the total flavone content adopts the method in the literature "ultrasonic extraction process of abrus herb total flavone and research on antioxidant activity", the method for measuring the total saponin content adopts the method in the literature "ultrasonic-assisted extraction process research of abrus herb total saponin", the method for measuring the total alkaloid content adopts the method in the literature "content measurement of total alkaloid of leaves of abrus herb and research on in-vitro antioxidant activity", and the measurement results of the above examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Comparing the measurement results of the above examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that in example 3, the content of total flavonoids, the content of total alkaloids, and the content of total saponins in the medicinal materials are increased by applying potassium fertilizer, which may be because potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, but the content of potassium element is low, which is difficult to meet the requirement of growth of abrus herb at the flowering stage, and the content of potassium element in potassium sulfate is higher than that in potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Comparing the determination results of the above example 3 and the comparative examples 1 to 3, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the comparative example 1, the phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in the comparative example 2, and the potassium fertilizer is applied in the comparative example 3, but the yield, the total flavone content, the total alkaloid content and the total saponin content of any one of the comparative examples 1 to 3 are lower than those of the example 3, and obviously, the effect of applying the three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium together can not be achieved no matter one or two of the fertilizers are applied, which shows that the three fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium have a synergistic effect after being used in combination.
Comparing the determination results of example 3 and example 4, the example 4 is additionally provided with the iron fertilizer and the molybdenum fertilizer on the basis of the example 3, so that the yield and the quality of the medicinal materials of the example 4 are improved, which shows that the yield and the quality of the medicinal materials can be further improved by the iron fertilizer and the molybdenum fertilizer, while the determination results of the comparative examples 4 and comparative examples 4 to 5 show that the dosage of the iron fertilizer and the molybdenum fertilizer is reduced on the basis of the example 4 by the comparative example 4, and the dosage of the iron fertilizer and the molybdenum fertilizer is increased on the basis of the example 4 by the comparative example 5, but as can be seen from table 1, the yield and the quality of the medicinal materials of the comparative examples 4 to 5 are not higher than those of the example 4, which shows that the dosage of the three fertilizers of nitrogen, iron and molybdenum has synergistic effect under certain proportioning conditions.
Finally, comparing example 4 with example 5, example 5 uses another herringbone hedge frame provided by the present invention on the basis of example 4, so that example 5 improves both the yield and quality of medicinal materials, which indicates that another herringbone hedge frame provided by the present invention can utilize fertilizer to the maximum extent by slowly and durably allowing plants to absorb fertilizer liquid, thereby not only avoiding fertilizer waste, but also improving yield and quality of medicinal materials.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The high-yield cultivation method of the Abrus cantoniensis Hance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, grinding the seeds of the Abrus mollis into skin, and removing the hard skin of the seeds of the Abrus mollis;
s2, selecting loam or sandy loam plots which are not crop-rotated with leguminous crops and are not in continuous cropping soil as planting lands;
s3, deeply ploughing soil, using decomposed farmyard manure as base fertilizer, and then raking and bedding;
s4, sowing the garden balsam stem seeds processed by the S1 on the furrow in the first ten days of the 4 th month to the last ten days of the 5 th month, covering soil on the surfaces of the seeds after sowing, and then introducing water to soak and irrigate until the surfaces of the furrow are thoroughly wetted;
s5, after the seedlings of the Abrus mollis are grown to the first height, building a herringbone hedge frame on the ridge;
s6, additionally applying a nitrogen fertilizer at the seedling stage of the hairy chicken herb, additionally applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer at the growth stage of the hairy chicken herb, and additionally applying a potassium fertilizer at the flowering stage of the hairy chicken herb.
2. The high-yield cultivation method of Abrus mollis as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, Abrus mollis seeds harvested in the previous year are selected, the hundred grain weight of the seeds is more than 1.8g, and the water content of the seeds is less than 12%.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of Abrus cantoniensis Hance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil layer thickness of the loam or sandy loam selected as the planting field in step S2 is more than 50 cm.
4. The method for cultivating abrus cantoniensis at a high yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, soil is turned deeply for 40-50 cm, 1000-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure is applied to each mu of planting land by turning the land, and when furrows are formed, the width of each furrow is 0.5-1.0 m, the height of each furrow is 0.2-0.4 m, and the width of each furrow is 0.4-0.5 m.
5. The method for cultivating abrus cantoniensis in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein before sowing in step S4, two parallel planting furrows are dug on the furrow surface along the length direction of the furrow, when sowing, abrus cantoniensis seeds are sowed in the planting furrows, the seed consumption per mu is 2-3 kg, and after sowing, 0.5-1 cm of soil is covered on the surfaces of the seeds.
6. The method for cultivating abrus cantoniensis in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first height in step S5 is 30cm, a herringbone hedge frame is set up every 20-30 cm along the length direction of the furrow, and the length of the rod body of the herringbone hedge frame is 1.8-2 m.
7. The method for cultivating abrus herb in high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S6, nitrogen fertilizer is applied in seedling stage of abrus herb, and iron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer are also applied, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the iron fertilizer is ferric sulfate, the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate, and the ratio of nitrogen element to iron element to molybdenum element is 10: (0.08-0.15): (0.04-0.09), additionally applying a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in the growth period of the hairy chicken bone herb, additionally applying a potassium fertilizer in the flowering period of the hairy chicken bone herb, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is monopotassium phosphate, the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and in the whole additional fertilizer process, the dosage ratio of nitrogen elements, phosphorus elements and potassium elements is 10: (1-2.5): (1.5-3.5).
8. The high-yield cultivation method of abrus cantoniensis hance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herringbone hedge frame comprises:
the square plate is provided with a plurality of first circular through holes in the side length direction of each edge close to two opposite sides on the plate surface, the center of the top surface of the square plate is connected with a cylinder, and the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with internal threads;
the bottle body is provided with an external thread matched with the internal thread on the inner wall of the cylinder at the bottle neck so as to be detachably connected with the cylinder through the thread, the bottom of the bottle body is provided with a second through hole, and a check valve which is opened from the outside of the bottle to the inside of the bottle is arranged in the second through hole;
the square plate is provided with four rod bodies, the rod bodies are hollow, the upper ends of the rod bodies are connected with U-shaped buckles penetrating through one first through holes in the square plate so as to be movably connected with the square plate, the four rod bodies are respectively arranged on two opposite edges of the square plate, and each edge is connected with two rod bodies;
wherein, each body of rod upper end still is provided with the third through-hole, four fourth through-holes have been seted up in the region that the square plate is located the drum, and each fourth through-hole passes through hose and a third through-hole intercommunication, the body of rod intussuseption is filled with porous alumina, a plurality of openings have been seted up from last to down on the body wall of the rod.
9. The abrus cantoniensis high-yield cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein a fifth through hole is formed at the upper end of the rod body, a first vertical portion of the U-shaped buckle is rotatably connected in the fifth through hole, a baffle plate located in the rod body is connected to the end of the first vertical portion of the U-shaped buckle to prevent the U-shaped buckle from being separated from the fifth through hole, the length of a second vertical portion of the U-shaped buckle is smaller than that of the first vertical portion, the second vertical portion of the U-shaped buckle is just in contact with the upper end of the rod body when rotating to the position above the rod body, a blind hole is formed at the position, opposite to the second vertical portion of the U-shaped buckle, of the upper end of the rod body, a magnetic pole is arranged in the blind hole, and another magnetic pole which is mutually attracted with the magnetic pole is arranged at the end of the second vertical portion of the U-.
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