CN112899461B - Special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and device - Google Patents
Special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112899461B CN112899461B CN202110252122.XA CN202110252122A CN112899461B CN 112899461 B CN112899461 B CN 112899461B CN 202110252122 A CN202110252122 A CN 202110252122A CN 112899461 B CN112899461 B CN 112899461B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 208
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 78
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
- C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device, which belong to the technical field of heat treatment strengthening, and are characterized in that the oil supply cam shaft is subjected to carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering, and then is subjected to local medium-frequency induction quenching tempering respectively; adopting a shaft diameter quenching sensor to heat each shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft, and then spraying a quenching medium to cool and quench; and heating each special-shaped cam of the oil supply camshaft by adopting a special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor, and then spraying a quenching medium for cooling and quenching. The invention adopts a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device to respectively carry out local medium-frequency induction quenching tempering on the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft after carburization and straightening and the special-shaped cam; the risk of engine damage caused by abnormal wear of the early oil supply camshaft due to low wear resistance and low contact fatigue resistance due to low surface hardness, uneven hardness and uneven hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is completely eliminated, and the service life and reliability of the engine are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment strengthening, in particular to a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and device.
Background
The oil supply camshaft is an important component of the engine. The cam profile shape of the oil supply camshaft affects combustion conditions in the engine cylinder, including timing and heat release laws. With the continuous enhancement of engine power and the continuous increase of environmental emission requirements, the improvement of fuel injection pressure is one of the main ways to improve engine performance. And the increase of the fuel injection pressure can lead to the great increase of the contact stress between the cam of the oil supply cam shaft and the roller of the fuel injection pump. In order to ensure the fuel injection pressure, the fuel supply acceleration and the accuracy, the fuel supply cam is matched with the fuel injection characteristic of the electric control pump, the shape of the fuel supply cam shaft is quite different from the symmetrical tangent line type of the gas distribution cam shaft, and the special-shaped composite shape of a concave cambered surface (similar to a straight line), a parabola and a semicircular base circle is adopted.
The oil supply cam shaft of the heavy-duty engine generally adopts low-carbon alloy steel to carry out carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering and then integrally quench, thereby improving the surface hardness, the wear resistance and the contact fatigue performance.
The integral quenching technology after carburizing and straightening and stress relief tempering of the oil supply camshaft mainly has the defects of low surface hardness, low wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance, large environmental pollution and the like of a finished product due to uneven effective hardening layer depth, soft spots, large deformation and overlarge machining allowance.
After carburizing and straightening and stress relief tempering, the integral quenching produces uneven and shallower effective hardening layer depth, and is directly connected with the generation of troostite in the surface layer tissue and the existence of a large amount of ferrite in the core tissue. This is related to the too low surface carbon content and the different cooling conditions present at each location during the quenching process. Quenching the oil supply camshaft generally adopts a pit furnace to heat to a quenching temperature, and discharging after heat preservation is finished. The crane is used for connecting the tool and the four oil supply camshafts to be lifted to the oil groove for quenching, and the process is almost tens of seconds. When the parts are exposed in the air, the temperature of the parts can be reduced, and when quenching is vertically carried out, the cooling conditions of all parts of the oil supply camshaft are inconsistent due to the sequential relation of the time for entering oil and the continuous rising of the oil temperature and the difference of the cross section sizes of all parts. The quenched martensite structure generated at each position of the oil supply camshaft is deep and shallow, and troostite (quenched soft spot) is generated, and the core structure is not refined due to poor cooling conditions, so that coarse ferrite structure generated by long-time carburization remains.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and the device, wherein the oil supply cam shaft is subjected to carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering, and then is subjected to local induction quenching tempering respectively, so that the oil supply cam shaft is small in machining allowance, high in surface hardness, high in wear resistance and high in contact fatigue resistance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a local profiling composite strengthening method for an oil supply camshaft is characterized in that after carburizing and straightening and stress relief tempering, the oil supply camshaft is not subjected to integral quenching tempering, but is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching tempering on the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft, and then the special-shaped cam of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching tempering.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out local medium-frequency induction quenching on the shaft diameter of an oil supply camshaft, namely, heating the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft by a shaft diameter quenching sensor, then spraying a quenching medium to cool and quench, controlling the oil supply camshaft to rotate by using a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment, and carrying out heating induction quenching on each shaft diameter by adopting a mode that the shaft diameter quenching sensor and a transformer move up and down.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the method comprises the steps of carrying out local medium-frequency induction quenching on the special-shaped cams of the oil supply camshaft, namely, heating the special-shaped cams of the oil supply camshaft by adopting a special-shaped cam contour quenching sensor, then spraying a quenching medium to cool and quench, controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of the oil supply camshaft by using a quenching numerical control system in the camshaft induction quenching equipment, and carrying out heating induction quenching on each special-shaped cam by adopting the upward and downward movement of the special-shaped cam contour quenching sensor.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the shaft diameter is subjected to induction quenching, the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when profile induction quenching is carried out on the profile cam, the heating power of the profile cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the tempering temperature after the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; and tempering the special-shaped cam of the oil supply camshaft at 180 degrees after partial medium frequency induction quenching, wherein the heat preservation time is 2h.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft after the local medium frequency induction quenching tempering obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft points.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching tempering; the uniformity of the hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7mm; the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3mm.
A special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprises cam shaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching sensor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching sensor;
the shaft diameter quenching inductor comprises two connecting plates, two conducting plates arranged on the two connecting plates, an effective heating ring integrally arranged and connected with the two conducting plates, a conducting plate cooling pipe arranged outside the conducting plates, an insulating plate arranged between the two conducting plates, a water spraying ring arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring, a plurality of quenching water nozzles arranged outside the water spraying ring and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the shaft diameter to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring; the two conducting plate cooling pipes are in short circuit through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate;
the profiled cam profiling quenching sensor adopts a split structure and comprises two connecting plates, two conducting plates arranged on the two connecting plates, an effective heating ring which is connected with the two conducting plates and is arranged in a split mode, a conducting plate cooling pipe arranged outside the conducting plates, an insulating plate arranged between the two conducting plates, a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring, a plurality of quenching water nozzles arranged outside the cooling device, and a welding block and other auxiliary devices which are integrally formed with the effective heating ring; the center of the effective heating ring is provided with a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched; the effective heating ring is connected through bolt holes arranged on the welding blocks; the two conducting plate cooling pipes are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the front end of the quenching water nozzle is blocked, and water is discharged from the side face.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical progress:
1. compared with the integral quenching after carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering, the special-shaped cam composite heat treatment strengthening method is far higher than the integral quenching in heating and cooling speeds under the condition that the heating and cooling conditions of the special-shaped cam composite heat treatment strengthening method are consistent; the risk factor of early failure of the engine caused by abnormal abrasion of the oil supply camshaft is completely eliminated.
2. According to the invention, local medium frequency induction quenching is adopted, different inductors are adopted for heating the shaft diameter and the special-shaped cam respectively, then a quenching medium is sprayed for cooling and quenching, and then tempering is carried out, so that the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft after all quenching and tempering obtains fine needle quenching martensite, troostite is not generated, quenching soft points are not generated, and meanwhile, the oil fume environmental pollution generated by integral quenching is eliminated.
3. According to the invention, after carburization, a local intermediate frequency quenching scheme is adopted to replace integral quenching, so that the surface hardness of an oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC; the uniformity of the hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is reduced from 1.3mm of layer depth difference to 0.7mm; reducing the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft from 1mm to 0.3mm; the subsequent machining allowance is reduced from 1mm to 0.3mm.
4. Aiming at the problem of heat treatment strengthening of the surface of a special-shaped cam of a high-speed high-bearing moving structure, such as an asymmetric special-shaped structure of an engine oil supply cam shaft, the special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprising cam shaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching sensor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching sensor is used for respectively carrying out local medium frequency induction quenching tempering on the shaft diameter and the special-shaped cam, so that the surface hardness, wear resistance and contact fatigue resistance of the oil supply cam shaft are effectively improved, and the working condition requirements of a high-power, high-explosion-pressure and high-reliability heavy-load engine can be met; the method can be popularized and applied to the improvement of the quality and reliability of carburizing and quenching of other similar slender shaft parts, and has a wider popularization and application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil supply camshaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the profile cam shape of the oil supply camshaft of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the profiled quenching sensor for the profiled cam of the oil supply camshaft;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the profiled quenching sensor structure of the profiled cam of the oil supply camshaft of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the oil supply camshaft diameter quenching sensor structure in the invention;
FIG. 6 is a top view of the oil supply camshaft diameter quench sensor structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a deep golden phase diagram of the hardened layer of the oil supply camshaft diameter in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a deep golden phase diagram of a hardened layer of a special-shaped cam of an oil supply camshaft in the invention;
FIG. 9 is a drawing of a metallographic structure of a surface layer of a hardened layer-fine needle-shaped tempered martensite according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a metallographic view of a transition zone of a hardened layer according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a metallographic structure of a core of a hardened layer-ferrite+pearlite in the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a belt-like metallographic structure of a core of a hardened layer according to the present invention;
fig. 13 is a flow chart of a production process of the oil supply camshaft in the present invention.
Wherein, 1, the diameter of the shaft, 2, the special-shaped cam, 2-1, the long-range starting point of the cam, 2-2, the phi 8H8 position of the matching hole, 3, the connecting plate, 4, the conducting plate, 5, the effective heating ring, 6, the conducting plate cooling pipe, 7, the quenching water nozzle, 8, the insulating plate, 9, the welding plate, 10 and the water spraying ring.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening method and a special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device, which are developed aiming at the defects that the prior art adopts an oil supply cam carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering integrated quenching technology, and the defects of low surface hardness, low wear resistance, low contact fatigue resistance, large environmental pollution and the like of a finished product caused by uneven effective hardening layer depth, soft spots, large deformation and overlarge machining allowance are mainly overcome.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the shape of the oil supply camshaft is shown in figure 1, the oil supply camshaft comprises 5 special-shaped cams 2 with 1 shaft diameter and 8 different rotation directions and a connecting part, the diameter of the connecting part is phi 40mm, and the length of the connecting part is longer; the special-shaped cam is in a concave cambered surface shape, and the lift sudden rise and fall are obvious, as shown in fig. 2: the diameter D of the base circle is 42+/-0.2 mm, and the included angle alpha between the starting point 2-1 of the cam lift and the phi 8H8 position 2-2 of the matched hole is 58 DEG 30', and beta is 31 DEG 30+/-10'.
The main processing technological process of the oil supply camshaft is as follows: blanking, normalizing, machining (rough machining), carburizing, straightening, stress relief tempering, induction quenching tempering, machining (finish machining), and warehousing finished products.
As shown in fig. 13, in the method for locally profiling and strengthening the special-shaped cam, after carburizing and straightening and stress-relief tempering of the oil supply cam shaft, the whole quenching tempering is not performed, but the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply cam shaft is firstly subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching tempering, and then the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply cam shaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching tempering.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out local medium-frequency induction quenching on the shaft diameter 1 of an oil supply camshaft, namely, heating the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply camshaft by a shaft diameter quenching sensor, then spraying quenching medium for cooling and quenching, controlling the rotation of the oil supply camshaft by a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment, and carrying out heating induction quenching on each shaft diameter by adopting a mode that the shaft diameter quenching sensor and a transformer move up and down. When the shaft diameter 1 is subjected to induction quenching, the shaft diameter heating power is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the quenching medium flow is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid. The tempering temperature after the shaft diameter 1 of the oil supply camshaft is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
The special-shaped cams 2 of the oil supply cam shaft are subjected to local medium-frequency induction quenching, namely, the special-shaped cams 2 of the oil supply cam shaft are heated by a special-shaped cam contour quenching sensor and then are cooled and quenched by spraying quenching medium, a quenching numerical control system in the cam shaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of the oil supply cam shaft, and the special-shaped cam contour quenching sensor is used for moving up and down to heat and induction quench each special-shaped cam 2. When profile induction quenching is carried out on the profile cam, the heating power of the profile cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid. The tempering temperature after the partial medium frequency induction quenching is carried out on the special-shaped cam 2 of the oil supply camshaft is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
The surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft after the local medium frequency induction quenching tempering obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft points.
The surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching tempering; the uniformity of the hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7mm; the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3mm.
A special-shaped cam local profiling composite strengthening device comprises cam shaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching sensor and a special-shaped cam profiling quenching sensor; the camshaft induction quenching equipment selects a decade Tianshu camshaft induction quenching equipment;
as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the shaft diameter quenching sensor comprises two connecting plates 3, two conductive plates 4 arranged on the two connecting plates 3, an integrally arranged effective heating ring 5 connected with the two conductive plates 4, a conductive plate cooling pipe 6 arranged outside the conductive plates 4, an insulating plate 8 arranged between the two conductive plates 4, a water spraying ring 10 arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring 5, a plurality of quenching water nozzles 7 arranged outside the water spraying ring 10 and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the shaft diameter to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring 5; the two conducting plate cooling pipes 6 are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate to cool the conducting plate 4 and the effective heating ring 5; the water spray ring 10 sprays quenching medium to quench and cool the shaft diameter. The front end of the quenching water nozzle 7 is blocked, and water is discharged from the side surface. The conducting plate cooling pipe 6 adopts a copper pipe, is welded on the conducting plate 4, and the pressure-resistant pipe is made of insulating material and is connected on the conducting plate cooling pipe 6 by a clamp. Other auxiliary devices include water pipes, circuits, liquid fire media, transformers, and the like.
Specific: in order to uniformly heat the shaft diameters, a quenching numerical control system in a camshaft induction quenching device is used for controlling the rotation of an oil supply camshaft, and each shaft diameter is heated and quenched in a manner that a shaft diameter quenching sensor and a transformer move up and down; a water spray ring 10 is arranged at the lower part of the effective heating ring 5, three quenching water nozzles 7 (the number of the quenching water nozzles 7 can be set according to actual conditions) are arranged around the water spray ring 10, the quenching water nozzles 7 are communicated with a water pipe and connected with quenching liquid, a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe form circulation, the quenching liquid circularly flows to spray water and cool the heated shaft diameter 1, a circular cavity formed in the effective heating ring 5 corresponds to the position of the shaft diameter 1, and then the circular cavity is electrified and heated, wherein the distance between the circular cavity formed in the effective heating ring 5 and the shaft diameter 1 is 3mm; the shaft diameter heating power is 121KW, and the heating time is 3.2S; after heating, moving the shaft diameter quenching inductor and the transformer, quenching and cooling the shaft diameter for 10S, wherein the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid; the tempering temperature after quenching is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the profiled cam profiling quenching sensor adopts a split structure, and comprises a connecting plate 3, two conductive plates 4 arranged on the connecting plate 3, an effective heating ring 5 which is connected with the two conductive plates 4 and is arranged in a split manner, a conductive plate cooling pipe 6 arranged outside the two conductive plates 4, an insulating plate 8 arranged between the conductive plates 4, a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring 5, a plurality of quenching water nozzles 7 arranged outside the cooling device, a welding block 9 integrally formed with the effective heating ring 5 and other auxiliary devices; the center of the effective heating ring 5 is provided with a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched; the effective heating ring 5 is connected through bolt holes arranged on the welding blocks 9; the two conducting plate cooling pipes 6 are in short connection through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate to cool the conducting plate 4 and the effective heating ring 5; quenching liquid is sprayed in the cooling device to quench and cool the special-shaped cam. The front end of the quenching water nozzle 7 is blocked, and water is discharged from the side surface. The conducting plate cooling pipe 6 adopts a copper pipe, is welded on the conducting plate 4, and the pressure-resistant pipe is made of insulating material and is connected on the conducting plate cooling pipe 6 by a clamp. Other auxiliary devices include water pipes, circuits, liquid fire and liquid, transformers, etc.
Specific: when profile induction quenching is carried out on the profile cams, a quenching numerical control system in the cam shaft induction quenching equipment controls a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of an oil supply cam shaft, and each profile cam 2 can be heated and induction quenched by adopting the up-and-down movement of a profile quenching sensor of the profile cams. The lower part of the effective heating ring 5 is provided with a cooling device, 4 quenching water nozzles 7 (the number of the quenching water nozzles 7 can be set according to actual conditions) are arranged around the cooling device, the quenching water nozzles 7 are communicated with a water pipe and connected with quenching liquid, a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe form circulation, the quenching liquid circulates to spray water for cooling the heated special-shaped cam, a special-shaped cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 corresponds to the position of the special-shaped cam, and then the special-shaped cam is electrified for heating, wherein the distance between the special-shaped cavity arranged in the effective heating ring 5 and the special-shaped cam 2 is 3mm; the heating power of the special-shaped cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, after the heating is finished, the special-shaped cam profiling quenching inductor is moved to quench and cool the special-shaped cam, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of quenching liquid is 43L/min, and the quenching liquid is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid; the tempering temperature is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
7-12, the oil supply camshaft subjected to carburizing, straightening, stress relief tempering adopts a local intermediate frequency quenching composite heat treatment process scheme, and is subjected to multi-round intermediate frequency quenching process parameter optimization, processing and detection, and is obviously superior to the integral quenching after carburization through analysis and comparison of technical indexes such as surface hardness, effective hardening layer depth, layer depth uniformity, deformation and the like.
After carburizing, straightening and stress relief tempering, a local intermediate frequency quenching scheme is adopted to replace integral quenching, so that the surface hardness (high 3-4 HRC) and the uniformity of hardening layer depth (layer depth difference is reduced from 1.3mm to 0.7 mm), the deformation of the oil supply camshaft quenching (deformation is reduced from 1mm to 0.3 mm) and the subsequent machining allowance (machining allowance is reduced from 1mm to 0.3 mm) can be improved.
The fine needle-shaped tempered martensite is obtained from the metallographic structure of the surface layer of the oil supply camshaft, and the grade is 5 grade; the core structure is ferrite and pearlite; the band-shaped tissue of the core is 1 grade; no quenching soft spot exists, and the oil fume environmental pollution generated by integral quenching is eliminated. The surface of the finished oil supply camshaft obtains high hardness and uniform hardening layer depth, and the high wear resistance and high fatigue resistance of the product are ensured.
The practical application conditions are as follows:
the invention is applied to actual production, and the oil supply camshaft is detected after the reliability test of the engine 202h, and the surface of the bushing and the camshaft are not subjected to abnormal wear, so that the use effect is good.
In summary, the invention adopts the camshaft induction quenching equipment and the inductor to respectively perform local medium frequency induction quenching tempering on the shaft diameter of the oil supply camshaft and the special-shaped cam after carburizing, straightening and stress tempering; the risks of engine damage caused by abnormal wear of the early oil supply camshaft due to low wear resistance and low contact fatigue resistance caused by low surface hardness, uneven hardness and uneven hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft are completely eliminated, and the service life and reliability of the engine are improved.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a compound reinforcing means of special-shaped cam local profile modeling which characterized in that: the device comprises camshaft induction quenching equipment, a shaft diameter quenching sensor and a profile cam profiling quenching sensor;
the shaft diameter quenching inductor comprises two connecting plates (3), two conducting plates (4) arranged on the two connecting plates (3), an integrally arranged effective heating ring (5) connected with the two conducting plates (4), a conducting plate cooling pipe (6) arranged outside the conducting plates (4), an insulating plate (8) arranged between the two conducting plates (4), a water spraying ring (10) arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring (5), a plurality of quenching water nozzles (7) arranged outside the water spraying ring (10) and other auxiliary devices; a circular cavity matched with the shaft diameter to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring (5); the two conducting plate cooling pipes (6) are in short circuit through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate;
the profile-modeling quenching inductor of the special-shaped cam adopts a split structure and comprises two connecting plates (3), two conducting plates (4) arranged on the two connecting plates (3), an effective heating ring (5) which is connected with the two conducting plates (4) and is arranged in a split mode, a conducting plate cooling pipe (6) arranged on the outer side of the two conducting plates (4), an insulating plate (8) arranged between the two conducting plates (4), a cooling device arranged at the lower end of the effective heating ring (5), a plurality of quenching water nozzles (7) arranged on the outer side of the cooling device, and a welding block (9) integrally formed with the effective heating ring (5) and other auxiliary devices; a special-shaped cavity matched with the special-shaped cam to be quenched is formed in the center of the effective heating ring (5); the effective heating ring (5) is connected through bolt holes arranged on the welding blocks (9); the two conducting plate cooling pipes (6) are in short circuit through the pressure-resistant pipe to form a cooling water loop of the conducting plate.
2. The profiled cam localized profiling composite reinforcement device of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the quenching water nozzle (7) is blocked, and water is discharged from the side face.
3. A method for locally profiling and compounding and strengthening a special-shaped cam, which uses the special-shaped cam locally profiling and compounding and strengthening device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and is characterized in that: the oil supply camshaft is carburized and straightened and stress-removed, and then is not subjected to integral quenching and tempering, but is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering on the shaft diameter (1) of the oil supply camshaft, and then is subjected to local medium frequency induction quenching and tempering on the special-shaped cam (2) of the oil supply camshaft.
4. The profiled cam partial profile modeling compound strengthening method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of carrying out local medium-frequency induction quenching on the shaft diameter (1) of an oil supply camshaft, namely, carrying out pointer-type heating on the shaft diameter (1) of the oil supply camshaft by adopting a shaft diameter quenching sensor, then spraying quenching medium for cooling quenching, controlling the oil supply camshaft to rotate by using a quenching numerical control system in camshaft induction quenching equipment, and carrying out heating induction quenching on each shaft diameter (1) by adopting a mode that the shaft diameter quenching sensor and a transformer move up and down.
5. The profiled cam partial profile modeling compound strengthening method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the special-shaped cams (2) of the oil supply cam shaft are subjected to local medium-frequency induction quenching, namely, the special-shaped cams (2) of the oil supply cam shaft are subjected to spray quenching medium cooling quenching after being heated by a special-shaped cam profile quenching sensor, a quenching numerical control system in the cam shaft induction quenching equipment is used for controlling a servo motor to accurately control the rotation angle of the oil supply cam shaft, and each special-shaped cam (2) is subjected to heating induction quenching by adopting the upward and downward movement of the special-shaped cam profile quenching sensor.
6. The method for locally profiling and compounding strengthening the special-shaped cam according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the shaft diameter is subjected to induction quenching, the heating power of the shaft diameter is 121KW, the heating time is 3.2S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
7. The method for locally profiling and compounding strengthening the special-shaped cam according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: when profile induction quenching is carried out on the profile cam, the heating power of the profile cam is 98KW, the heating time is 4.7S, the cooling time is 10S, the flow rate of a quenching medium is 43L/min, and the quenching medium is 6% PAG water-soluble quenching liquid.
8. The profiled cam partial profile modeling compound strengthening method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the tempering temperature after the local medium frequency induction quenching is 180 degrees, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours; the tempering temperature after the partial medium frequency induction quenching is 180 degrees and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
9. The profiled cam localized profiling composite reinforcement method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: the surface metallographic structure of the oil supply camshaft after the local medium frequency induction quenching tempering obtains fine needle-shaped tempered martensite without quenching soft points.
10. The profiled cam localized profiling composite reinforcement method according to any one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that: the surface hardness of the oil supply camshaft can be improved by 3-4HRC by adopting local medium frequency induction quenching tempering; the uniformity of the hardening layer depth of the oil supply camshaft is improved, and the layer depth difference is only 0.7mm; the quenching deformation of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the deformation is only 0.3mm; and the subsequent machining allowance of the oil supply camshaft is reduced, and the machining allowance is only 0.3mm.
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| CN113601119B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2023-03-17 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Machining method for high-power diesel engine camshaft |
| CN114457229A (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-10 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Hot processing method for inner gear ring of large slewing bearing |
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