CN112899078A - Rice bran oil refining method capable of retaining oryzanol - Google Patents
Rice bran oil refining method capable of retaining oryzanol Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol, which comprises the following steps: step one, filter pressing and impurity removal; acid-alkali degumming; step three, firstly, using a small amount of activated clay for pre-decoloring, and then adding a large amount of activated clay for re-decoloring at a high temperature in vacuum; step four, low-temperature crystallization, filtration and dewaxing; step five, stripping, deacidifying and deodorizing at high temperature; step six, stirring, crystallizing, filter-pressing and degreasing at low temperature and low speed; the filter pressing impurity removing equipment used in the first step comprises a rack member, a material pressing plate assembly, a pneumatic mechanism, a filter frame assembly and a material receiving trolley, wherein the pneumatic mechanism is located on one side of the rack member, the filter frame assembly is located above the other side of the rack member, the material pressing plate assembly is located between the pneumatic mechanism and the filter frame assembly, and the material receiving trolley is oppositely arranged below the rack member; the invention solves the problems of high acidity of the rice bran oil and great decomposition and loss of the oryzanol in the refining process in the prior art, and improves the nutritive value of the rice bran oil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible vegetable oil refining, and particularly relates to a rice bran oil refining method capable of retaining oryzanol.
Background
Rice bran is a by-product of rice processing. China is a large world rice production country, and according to statistics, 1300 plus 1400 million tons of rice bran are generated in the rice processing process every year in China. The oil content of the rice bran is 15% -23%, which is equivalent to the fat content of the soybean, so the rice bran is an important edible oil raw material. The rice bran oil as natural vegetable oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acid, and also contains rich components with the functions of improving immunity, reducing cholesterol, regulating blood lipid, preventing arteriosclerosis, such as oryzanol, sterol vitamin E, squalene, etc. Oryzanol is unique ferulate of cycloartenyl in rice bran oil, and is an important active ingredient in rice bran oil. Oryzanol has effects of improving autonomic nerve disorder, improving digestive organ disease symptoms, and reducing serum cholesterol and serum total triglyceride.
The solvent extraction method is to apply the principle of solid-liquid extraction, soak or spray the oil material by means of an organic solvent to extract oil in the oil material, then evaporate or strip the mixed oil by utilizing the difference of the boiling points of the solvent and the oil, evaporate the solvent to obtain crude rice bran oil, and the evaporated solvent steam can be recycled for multiple times after being condensed and recovered. The oil yield of the organic solvent extraction method is almost more than 90 percent, the residual oil rate is low, the temperature required in the extraction process is relatively low, the protein denaturation and starch gelatinization degrees are low, and the quality of the rice bran meal is well preserved. However, the solvent extraction method has the problem that a large amount of oryzanol in oil is lost due to soapstock adsorption formed by neutralizing free fatty acid with alkali liquor, so that the research on the oil production process which improves the product quality and obtains a high value-added product while reducing the solvent consumption and the production energy consumption becomes a hotspot of oil processing research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol, and solves the problems that rice bran oil in the prior art is high in acidity, and oryzanol contained in the rice bran oil is greatly decomposed and lost in the refining process, so that the nutritional value of the rice bran oil is reduced.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, impurity removal: pumping crude rice bran oil into an oil inlet pipe of filter pressing impurity removal equipment, starting an air pump, controlling a reversing switch, enabling an air cylinder supporting rod to support a pressure plate assembly to slide towards a direction close to a filter frame assembly until the pressure plate assembly presses the filter frame assembly tightly, increasing the pressure of the oil inlet pipe, enabling the crude rice bran oil to be filled into the filter frame assembly, and obtaining impurity removal oil at an oil outlet pipe after filtering and impurity removal;
step two, degumming: heating the impurity-removed oil to 65-75 ℃ by a heater, adding edible phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, stirring for 15-20min, cooling to 35-40 ℃ after stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2% -2.5%, heating to 65-70 ℃, stirring for 20-30min, and then separating colloid in a butterfly separator to obtain degummed oil;
step three, decoloring: adding activated clay with the mass of 0.5 percent of that of the degummed oil into the degummed oil, fully mixing the mixture at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the vacuum pressure of 0.08MPa, continuously pre-decoloring the mixture by using a filter loaded with waste clay, adding activated clay with the weight of 4-6 percent of that of the oil and citric acid with the weight of 0.1 percent of that of the oil after pre-decoloring, uniformly mixing the mixture, sending the mixture into a decoloring tower for decoloring for 20min, controlling the temperature of the decoloring tower to be 110 ℃ and the vacuum pressure to be 0.03MPa, sending suspension flowing out of the decoloring tower into the filter, separating decolored oil and waste clay, and keeping the waste clay in the filter for pre-decoloring;
step four, dewaxing: pumping the destaining oil into a crystallizing tank, cooling to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-3 ℃/h, stirring for 20-24h at a rotating speed of 10-12r/min, then heating to 15-25 ℃, adding into a closed filter, and separating wax under a filtering pressure of 0.35MPa to obtain dewaxed oil;
step five, deacidifying and deodorizing: introducing the dewaxed oil into a gas separator, performing gas separation at the temperature of 120-140 ℃, heating the dewaxed oil after gas separation to 250 ℃, performing steam stripping in a deodorization tower, keeping the temperature in the deodorization tower for 20min after steam stripping, discharging oil after the residual pressure of the deodorization tower reaches 100Pa, introducing the oil into a deacidification tower, performing deacidification treatment at the temperature of 240-250 ℃ and the pressure of 100-500Pa, and quickly reducing the oil temperature to 30-40 ℃ after oil discharge to obtain the deacidified oil;
step six, degreasing: pumping deacidified oil into a cooling crystallization tower, reducing the temperature of the deacidified oil to 3-5 ℃ under the conditions that the temperature reduction rate is 3-5 ℃/h and the rotating speed is 10r/min, preserving heat and standing for 48h under the condition that the temperature is 5 ℃, heating the crystallized deacidified oil to 15 ℃ after heat preservation, conveying the crystallized deacidified oil into a hot-discharge filter press by using compressed air, filtering clear oil by pressurizing, and opening a heating device of the hot-discharge filter press to melt and discharge fat crystals when the oil is difficult to discharge due to more fat crystals in the filter press.
Further, in the second step, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the rice bran crude oil, and the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2-3% of the mass of the rice bran crude oil.
Further, the activated clay in the third step is prepared by mixing clay and activated carbon in a ratio of 19: 1.
Further, the filter-pressing impurity removing equipment in the first step comprises a rack member, a material pressing plate assembly, a pneumatic mechanism, a filter frame assembly and material receiving trolleys, wherein the pneumatic mechanism is located on one side of the rack member, the filter frame assemblies are located above the other side of the rack member, the material pressing plate assembly is located between the pneumatic mechanism and the filter frame assemblies, and the two material receiving trolleys are oppositely arranged below the rack member;
the frame component comprises sliding base plates, a feeding and discharging plate, first supporting rods, a cylinder supporting plate, second supporting rods, a supporting frame, a material blocking angle iron, filter cloth supporting rods and rollers, the two sliding base plates are oppositely arranged, the feeding and discharging plate is positioned at one end between the two sliding base plates, the feeding and discharging plate is fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates respectively, the cylinder supporting plate is positioned at the other end between the two sliding base plates, the cylinder supporting plate is fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates respectively, the bottom ends of the feeding and discharging plate are provided with the two oppositely arranged first supporting rods, the top ends of the two first supporting rods are fixedly connected with the feeding and discharging plate, the rollers are respectively and fixedly arranged at the bottom ends of the two first supporting rods, the two oppositely arranged second supporting rods are arranged at the bottom end of the cylinder supporting plate, the top ends of the two second supporting rods are fixedly connected with the cylinder supporting plate, and the rollers are respectively, the two support frames are respectively and fixedly arranged at the centers of the lower ends of the two sliding base plates, the material blocking angle iron is positioned between the two support frames, two ends of the material blocking angle iron are respectively and fixedly connected with the two support frames, two filter cloth support rods which are oppositely arranged are arranged above the material blocking angle iron, one end of each filter cloth support rod is fixedly connected with the first support rod, and the other end of each filter cloth support rod is fixedly connected with the second support rod;
the pneumatic mechanism comprises an air pump, a barometer, a reversing switch, air pipes, an air cylinder box body, a cylinder body mounting plate and an air cylinder supporting rod, the air cylinder box body is fixedly connected with the cylinder body mounting plate, the cylinder body mounting plate is fixedly connected with one side, away from the feeding and discharging plate, of the air cylinder supporting plate, the air cylinder supporting rod penetrates through the cylinder body mounting plate and the air cylinder supporting plate, the air pump is fixedly mounted at the top end of the air cylinder box body, the output end of the air pump is communicated with the reversing switch, the barometer is communicated with the input end of the reversing switch, the two air pipes are oppositely arranged on two sides of the reversing switch, one ends of the two air pipes are respectively fixedly;
the pressure flitch subassembly includes the pressure flitch body and presses the flitch bracket, two the opposition of pressure flitch bracket is fixed in pressure flitch body both sides, presses the flitch bracket and the top sliding connection of slip base plate, the one end of cylinder branch and the central fixed connection of pressure flitch body.
Further, the filter frame assembly comprises a filter frame body and filter cloth, the filter cloth is installed between the filter frame body and the feeding and discharging plate, the bottom end of the filter cloth is matched with the filter cloth supporting rod, filter frame brackets are oppositely arranged on two sides of the filter frame body, the filter frame body is in sliding connection with the top end of the sliding base plate through the filter frame brackets, two oil inlets which are oppositely arranged are arranged on one side of the filter frame body, the oil inlets are communicated with an inner cavity of the filter frame body, two oil outlets which are oppositely arranged are arranged on the other side of the filter frame body, and a plurality of uniformly distributed through holes are formed between the oil outlets and the inner cavity of the filter frame body.
Further, one side of the feeding and discharging plate is provided with two oppositely arranged oil inlet pipes, the oil inlet pipes penetrate through the feeding and discharging plate and are matched with an oil inlet of the filter frame body, the other side of the feeding and discharging plate is provided with two oppositely arranged oil outlet pipes, the oil outlet pipes penetrate through the feeding and discharging plate and are matched with an oil outlet of the filter frame body, and a baffle plate is fixed at one side, close to the filter frame assembly, of the bottom end of the feeding and discharging plate.
Furthermore, the material receiving trolley comprises a trolley hopper, two handles which are oppositely arranged are respectively fixed on two sides of the trolley hopper, and four universal wheels which are oppositely arranged are fixedly installed at the bottom end of the trolley hopper.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention prepares the first-grade rice bran oil product with transparent color, high oryzanol content and low acid value by setting the refining process flows of impurity removal, degumming, decoloring, dewaxing, deacidification, deodorization and degreasing, and the invention has simple process, low production cost and equipment investment and high reliability and can be used for large-scale industrial production;
according to the invention, the crude rice bran oil is subjected to filter pressing for impurity removal, solid impurities in the crude rice bran oil are filtered and removed, the efficiency of other subsequent refining processes can be effectively improved, small and large particle impurities in the crude rice bran oil can be efficiently and reliably removed by using filter pressing impurity removal equipment, and the separated impurities can be collected in the material receiving trolley, so that the recovery and the utilization are convenient; a small amount of citric acid is added during decolorization, so that metal ions can be chelated, residual soap in the degumming process is decomposed, new pigment generation is reduced, and the color and quality of the rice bran oil are improved; the highest temperature is set to be not more than 250 ℃ when stripping deacidification and deodorization is carried out, and is lower than 260 ℃ of the decomposition temperature of the oryzanol under the vacuum condition, so that the loss of the oryzanol decomposition at high temperature in the oil is reduced to the maximum extent while deacidification and deodorization are ensured; the deacidified oil is rapidly cooled to 30-40 ℃ after deacidification and deodorization, so that the acid value of the rice bran oil can be effectively prevented from rising again, and the finished rice bran oil keeps a lower acid value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter-pressing impurity removal device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the filter-pressing impurity removal device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the filter-pressing impurity removal device with a filter frame assembly and a material receiving trolley hidden;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the material receiving trolley of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a filter frame body according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the filter frame body of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. a frame member; 101. a sliding substrate; 102. a feeding and discharging plate; 1021. an oil inlet pipe; 1022. an oil outlet pipe; 1023. a striker plate; 103. a first support bar; 104. a cylinder support plate; 105. a second support bar; 106. a support frame; 107. stopping angle iron; 108. a filter cloth supporting rod; 109. a roller; 2. a pressure plate assembly; 201. a pressure plate body; 202. a material pressing plate bracket; 3. a pneumatic mechanism; 301. an air pump; 302. a barometer; 303. a reversing switch; 304. an air tube; 305. a cylinder box body; 306. a cylinder body mounting plate; 307. a cylinder strut; 4. a filter frame assembly; 401. a filter frame body; 4011. a filter frame bracket; 4012. an oil inlet; 4013. an oil outlet; 402. a filter cloth; 5. a material receiving trolley; 501. a car hopper; 502. a handle; 503. a universal wheel.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, impurity removal: pumping crude rice bran oil into an oil inlet pipe 1021 of filter-pressing impurity removal equipment, starting an air pump 301, controlling a reversing switch 303, enabling an air cylinder supporting rod 307 to support a pressure plate component 2 to slide towards a direction close to a filter frame component 4 until the pressure plate component 2 tightly presses the filter frame component 4, increasing the pressure of the oil inlet pipe 1021, enabling the crude rice bran oil to be filled into the filter frame component 4, and obtaining impurity removal oil at an oil outlet pipe 1022 after filtering and impurity removal;
step two, degumming: heating the impurity-removed oil to 65 ℃ by a heater, adding edible phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, stirring for 15min, cooling to 35 ℃ after stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2%, heating to 65 ℃, stirring for reacting for 20min, and separating colloid in a butterfly separator to obtain degummed oil;
step three, decoloring: adding activated clay with the mass of 0.5 percent of that of the degummed oil into the degummed oil, fully mixing the mixture at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the vacuum pressure of 0.08MPa, continuously pre-decoloring the mixture by using a filter loaded with waste clay, adding activated clay with the weight of 4 percent of that of the oil and citric acid with the weight of 0.1 percent of that of the oil after pre-decoloring, uniformly mixing the mixture, sending the mixture into a decoloring tower for decoloring for 20min, controlling the temperature of the decoloring tower to be 110 ℃ and the vacuum pressure to be 0.03MPa, sending suspension flowing out of the decoloring tower into the filter, separating decolored oil and waste clay, and keeping the waste clay in the filter for pre-decoloring;
step four, dewaxing: pumping the destaining oil into a crystallizing tank, cooling to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1 ℃/h, stirring for 20h at a rotating speed of 10r/min, then heating to 15 ℃, adding into a closed filter, and separating wax under a filtering pressure of 0.35MPa to obtain dewaxed oil;
step five, deacidifying and deodorizing: introducing the dewaxed oil into a gas separator, performing gas separation at 120 ℃, heating the dewaxed oil after gas separation to 250 ℃, performing steam stripping in a deodorization tower, keeping the temperature in the deodorization tower for 20min after steam stripping, allowing the oil to enter a deacidification tower after the residual pressure of the deodorization tower reaches 100Pa, performing deacidification treatment at 240 ℃ under the pressure of 100Pa, and quickly reducing the oil temperature to 30 ℃ after oil outlet to obtain the deacidified oil;
step six, degreasing: pumping deacidified oil into a cooling crystallization tower, reducing the temperature of the deacidified oil to 3 ℃ under the conditions of the temperature reduction rate of 3 ℃/h and the rotating speed of 10r/min, preserving heat and standing for 48h at the temperature of 5 ℃, heating the crystallized deacidified oil to 15 ℃ after heat preservation, conveying the crystallized deacidified oil into a hot discharge type filter press by using compressed air, filtering clear oil by pressurization, and opening a heating device of the hot discharge type filter press to melt and discharge fat crystals when the oil discharge is difficult due to more fat crystals in the filter press.
In the second step, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.05 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil, and the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil.
In the third step, the activated clay is prepared by mixing clay and activated carbon in a ratio of 19: 1.
The first-grade rice bran oil with acid value (KOH) of 0.19mg/g, phosphorus content of 9mg/kg, trans-acid content of 0.89% and oryzanol content of 1.56% is prepared through the steps.
Example 2
A rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, impurity removal: pumping crude rice bran oil into an oil inlet pipe 1021 of filter-pressing impurity removal equipment, starting an air pump 301, controlling a reversing switch 303, enabling an air cylinder supporting rod 307 to support a pressure plate component 2 to slide towards a direction close to a filter frame component 4 until the pressure plate component 2 tightly presses the filter frame component 4, increasing the pressure of the oil inlet pipe 1021, enabling the crude rice bran oil to be filled into the filter frame component 4, and obtaining impurity removal oil at an oil outlet pipe 1022 after filtering and impurity removal;
step two, degumming: heating the impurity-removed oil to 70 ℃ by a heater, adding edible phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, stirring for 18min, cooling to 37 ℃ after stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2%, heating to 68 ℃, stirring for reacting for 25min, and separating colloid in a butterfly separator to obtain degummed oil;
step three, decoloring: adding activated clay with the mass of 0.5 percent of that of the degummed oil into the degummed oil, fully mixing the mixture at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the vacuum pressure of 0.08MPa, continuously pre-decoloring the mixture by using a filter loaded with waste clay, adding the activated clay with the weight of 5 percent of that of the oil and citric acid with the weight of 0.1 percent of that of the oil after pre-decoloring, uniformly mixing the mixture, sending the mixture into a decoloring tower for decoloring for 20min, controlling the temperature of the decoloring tower to be 110 ℃ and the vacuum pressure to be 0.03MPa, sending suspension flowing out of the decoloring tower into the filter, separating decolored oil and waste clay, and keeping the waste clay in the filter for pre-decoloring;
step four, dewaxing: pumping the destaining oil into a crystallizing tank, cooling to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 2 ℃/h, stirring for 22h at a rotating speed of 11r/min, then heating to 20 ℃, adding into a closed filter, and separating wax under a filtering pressure of 0.35MPa to obtain dewaxed oil;
step five, deacidifying and deodorizing: introducing the dewaxed oil into a gas separator, performing gas separation at the temperature of 130 ℃, heating the dewaxed oil after gas separation to 250 ℃, performing steam stripping in a deodorization tower, keeping the temperature in the deodorization tower for 20min after steam stripping, allowing the oil to enter a deacidification tower after the residual pressure of the deodorization tower reaches 100Pa, performing deacidification treatment at the temperature of 245 ℃ and the pressure of 300Pa, and quickly reducing the oil temperature to 35 ℃ after oil outlet to obtain the deacidified oil;
step six, degreasing: pumping deacidified oil into a cooling crystallization tower, reducing the temperature of the deacidified oil to 4 ℃ under the conditions of the temperature reduction rate of 4 ℃/h and the rotating speed of 10r/min, preserving heat and standing for 48h at the temperature of 5 ℃, heating the crystallized deacidified oil to 15 ℃ after heat preservation, conveying the crystallized deacidified oil into a hot discharge type filter press by using compressed air, filtering clear oil by pressurization, and opening a heating device of the hot discharge type filter press to melt and discharge fat crystals when the oil discharge is difficult due to more fat crystals in the filter press.
In the second step, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.1 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil, and the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2.5 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil.
In the third step, the activated clay is prepared by mixing clay and activated carbon in a ratio of 19: 1.
The first-grade rice bran oil with acid value (KOH) of 0.18mg/g, phosphorus content of 8.8mg/kg, trans-acid content of 0.88 percent and oryzanol content of 1.71 percent is prepared through the steps.
Example 3
A rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, impurity removal: pumping crude rice bran oil into an oil inlet pipe 1021 of filter-pressing impurity removal equipment, starting an air pump 301, controlling a reversing switch 303, enabling an air cylinder supporting rod 307 to support a pressure plate component 2 to slide towards a direction close to a filter frame component 4 until the pressure plate component 2 tightly presses the filter frame component 4, increasing the pressure of the oil inlet pipe 1021, enabling the crude rice bran oil to be filled into the filter frame component 4, and obtaining impurity removal oil at an oil outlet pipe 1022 after filtering and impurity removal;
step two, degumming: heating the impurity-removed oil to 75 ℃ by a heater, adding edible phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, stirring for 20min, cooling to 40 ℃ after stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2.5%, heating to 70 ℃, stirring for reacting for 30min, and then separating colloid in a butterfly separator to obtain degummed oil;
step three, decoloring: adding activated clay with the mass of 0.5 percent of that of the degummed oil into the degummed oil, fully mixing the mixture at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the vacuum pressure of 0.08MPa, continuously pre-decoloring the mixture by using a filter loaded with waste clay, adding activated clay with the weight of 6 percent of that of the oil and citric acid with the weight of 0.1 percent of that of the oil after pre-decoloring, uniformly mixing the mixture, sending the mixture into a decoloring tower for decoloring for 20min, controlling the temperature of the decoloring tower to be 110 ℃ and the vacuum pressure to be 0.03MPa, sending suspension flowing out of the decoloring tower into the filter, separating decolored oil and waste clay, and keeping the waste clay in the filter for pre-decoloring;
step four, dewaxing: pumping the destaining oil into a crystallizing tank, cooling to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/h, stirring for 24h at a rotating speed of 12r/min, then heating to 25 ℃, adding into a closed filter, and separating wax under a filtering pressure of 0.35MPa to obtain dewaxed oil;
step five, deacidifying and deodorizing: introducing the dewaxed oil into a gas separator, performing gas separation at the temperature of 140 ℃, heating the dewaxed oil after gas separation to 250 ℃, performing steam stripping in a deodorization tower, keeping the temperature in the deodorization tower for 20min after steam stripping, allowing the oil to enter a deacidification tower after the residual pressure of the deodorization tower reaches 100Pa, performing deacidification treatment at the temperature of 250 ℃ and the pressure of 500Pa, and quickly reducing the oil temperature to 40 ℃ after oil outlet to obtain the deacidified oil;
step six, degreasing: pumping deacidified oil into a cooling crystallization tower, reducing the temperature of the deacidified oil to 5 ℃ under the conditions of the temperature reduction rate of 5 ℃/h and the rotating speed of 10r/min, preserving heat and standing for 48h at the temperature of 5 ℃, heating the crystallized deacidified oil to 15 ℃ after heat preservation, conveying the crystallized deacidified oil into a hot discharge type filter press by using compressed air, filtering clear oil by pressurization, and opening a heating device of the hot discharge type filter press to melt and discharge fat crystals when oil is difficult to discharge due to more fat crystals in the filter press.
In the second step, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.2 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil, and the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3 percent of the mass of the rice bran crude oil.
In the third step, the activated clay is prepared by mixing clay and activated carbon in a ratio of 19: 1.
The first-grade rice bran oil with acid value (KOH) of 0.2mg/g, phosphorus content of 9mg/kg, trans-acid content of 0.9 percent and oryzanol content of 1.42 percent is prepared through the steps.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the filter-pressing impurity removing device in the above embodiment includes a frame member 1, a material pressing plate assembly 2, a pneumatic mechanism 3, a filter frame assembly 4 and material receiving trolleys 5, wherein the pneumatic mechanism 3 is located on one side of the frame member 1, the filter frame assemblies 4 are located above the other side of the frame member 1, the material pressing plate assembly 2 is located between the pneumatic mechanism 3 and the filter frame assembly 4, and the two material receiving trolleys 5 are arranged below the frame member 1 in an opposite manner;
the frame member 1 comprises sliding base plates 101, a feeding and discharging plate 102, first supporting rods 103, a cylinder supporting plate 104, second supporting rods 105, a supporting frame 106, a material blocking angle iron 107, a filter cloth supporting rod 108 and rollers 109, wherein the two sliding base plates 101 are oppositely arranged, the feeding and discharging plate 102 is positioned at one end between the two sliding base plates 101, the feeding and discharging plate 102 is fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates 101 respectively, the cylinder supporting plate 104 is positioned at the other end between the two sliding base plates 101, the cylinder supporting plate 104 is fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates 101 respectively, the bottom end of the feeding and discharging plate 102 is provided with the two oppositely arranged first supporting rods 103, the top ends of the two first supporting rods 103 are fixedly connected with the feeding and discharging plate 102, the bottom ends of the two first supporting rods 103 are fixedly provided with the rollers 109 respectively, and the bottom end of the cylinder supporting plate 104 is provided with the two oppositely arranged second, the top ends of the two second support rods 105 are fixedly connected with the cylinder support plate 104, the bottom ends of the two second support rods 105 are respectively fixedly provided with a roller 109, the two support frames 106 are respectively fixedly arranged at the centers of the lower ends of the two sliding base plates 101, the material blocking angle iron 107 is positioned between the two support frames 106, the two ends of the material blocking angle iron 107 are respectively fixedly connected with the two support frames 106, two filter cloth support rods 108 which are oppositely arranged are arranged above the material blocking angle iron 107, one end of each filter cloth support rod 108 is fixedly connected with the first support rod 103, and the other end of each filter cloth support rod 108 is fixedly connected with the second support rod 105;
the pneumatic mechanism 3 comprises an air pump 301, a barometer 302, a reversing switch 303, air pipes 304, an air cylinder box body 305, a cylinder body mounting plate 306 and an air cylinder support rod 307, the air cylinder box body 305 is fixedly connected with the cylinder body mounting plate 306, the cylinder body mounting plate 306 is fixedly connected with one side, far away from the feeding and discharging plate 102, of the air cylinder support plate 104, the air cylinder support rod 307 penetrates through the cylinder body mounting plate 306 and the air cylinder support plate 104, the air pump 301 is fixedly mounted at the top end of the air cylinder box body 305, the output end of the air pump 301 is communicated with the reversing switch 303, the barometer 302 is communicated with the input end of the reversing switch 303, the two air pipes 304 are oppositely arranged at two sides of the reversing switch 303, one ends of the two air pipes 304 are respectively fixedly communicated with two output;
the pressure plate assembly 2 comprises a pressure plate body 201 and pressure plate brackets 202, the two pressure plate brackets 202 are oppositely fixed on two sides of the pressure plate body 201, the pressure plate brackets 202 are slidably connected with the top end of the sliding base plate 101, and one end of the cylinder strut 307 is fixedly connected with the center of the pressure plate body 201.
Filter frame subassembly 4 includes filter frame body 401 and filter cloth 402, filter cloth 402 is installed between filter frame body 401 and business turn over material board 102, and filter cloth 402 bottom cooperatees with filter cloth die-pin 108, filter frame body 401 both sides opposition is provided with filter frame bracket 4011, filters frame body 401 through the top sliding connection who filters frame bracket 4011 and sliding substrate 101, and one side of filter frame body 401 is equipped with the oil inlet 4012 of two opposition settings, oil inlet 4012 is linked together with the inside cavity of filtering frame body 401, and the opposite side of filtering frame body 401 is equipped with the oil-out 4013 of two opposition settings, it has a plurality of evenly distributed's through-hole to open between oil-out 4013 and the inside cavity of filtering frame body 401.
One side of the material inlet and outlet plate 102 is provided with two opposite oil inlet pipes 1021, the oil inlet pipes 1021 penetrate through the material inlet and outlet plate 102 to be matched with an oil inlet 4012 of the filter frame body 401, the other side of the material inlet and outlet plate 102 is provided with two opposite oil outlet pipes 1022, the oil outlet pipes 1022 penetrate through the material inlet and outlet plate 102 to be matched with an oil outlet 4013 of the filter frame body 401, and a material baffle plate 1023 is fixed at one side, close to the filter frame assembly 4, of the bottom end of the material inlet and outlet plate 102.
The material receiving trolley 5 comprises a hopper 501, two handles 502 which are oppositely arranged are respectively fixed on two sides of the hopper 501, and four universal wheels 503 which are oppositely arranged are fixed at the bottom end of the hopper 501.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
when the filter-pressing impurity removing equipment is used, a plurality of filter frame bodies 401 are arranged on the sliding base plate 101, filter cloth 402 is arranged between the plurality of filter frame bodies 401 and between the filter frame bodies 401 and the feeding and discharging plate 102, then the air pump 301 is started to pressurize, the pressure of the air pressure gauge 302 is observed, when the pressure reaches a preset value, the reversing switch 303 is started, high-pressure air in the air pump 301 enters the air cylinder box body 305 through the air pipe 304, the air cylinder supporting rod 307 pushes the pressure plate component 2 to approach the filter frame component 4, the pressure plate component 2 slides to the filter frame component 4 along the sliding base plate 101, and the pressure plate component 2 and the feeding and discharging plate 102 clamp the filter frame component 4; pumping crude rice bran oil into the filter frame assembly 4 from the oil inlet pipe 1021 under high pressure, filtering the crude rice bran oil containing impurities in the filter frame assembly 4, leaving solid impurities between the inner cavity of the filter frame body 401 and the filter cloth 402, and collecting and flowing the crude rice bran oil after impurity removal from the oil outlet pipe 1022;
when the pressure of the oil inlet pipe 1021 for injecting crude rice bran oil is too high, it is indicated that the impurities in the filter frame assembly 4 are fully accumulated, the continuous pumping of crude rice bran oil needs to be stopped, the solid impurities are cleaned and then filtered, at the moment, the reversing switch 303 is controlled to reverse, the air cylinder support rod 307 pulls the pressure plate assembly 2 to be far away from the filter frame assembly 4, then the solid impurities between the inner cavity of the filter frame body 401 and the filter cloth 402 are dumped into the material receiving trolley 5 at the bottom of the frame assembly 1 to be collected, and the filter cloth 402 is drawn away and replaced by a new filter cloth 402, so that the impurity filtering operation can be carried out again.
The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the principles of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions of the specific embodiments described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention or exceeding the scope of the claims set forth herein.
Claims (7)
1. A rice bran oil refining method for retaining oryzanol is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, impurity removal: pumping crude rice bran oil into an oil inlet pipe (1021) of filter pressing impurity removal equipment, starting an air pump (301), controlling a reversing switch (303), enabling an air cylinder supporting rod (307) to support a pressure plate component (2) to slide towards the direction close to a filter frame component (4) until the pressure plate component (2) compresses the filter frame component (4), increasing the pressure of the oil inlet pipe (1021), enabling the crude rice bran oil to be filled into the filter frame component (4), and obtaining impurity removal oil at an oil outlet pipe (1022) after filtering and impurity removal;
step two, degumming: heating the impurity-removed oil to 65-75 ℃ by a heater, adding edible phosphoric acid with the mass fraction of 85%, stirring for 15-20min, cooling to 35-40 ℃ after stirring, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 2% -2.5%, heating to 65-70 ℃, stirring for 20-30min, and then separating colloid in a butterfly separator to obtain degummed oil;
step three, decoloring: adding activated clay with the mass of 0.5 percent of that of the degummed oil into the degummed oil, fully mixing the mixture at the temperature of 115 ℃ and the vacuum pressure of 0.08MPa, continuously pre-decoloring the mixture by using a filter loaded with waste clay, adding activated clay with the weight of 4-6 percent of that of the oil and citric acid with the weight of 0.1 percent of that of the oil after pre-decoloring, uniformly mixing the mixture, sending the mixture into a decoloring tower for decoloring for 20min, controlling the temperature of the decoloring tower to be 110 ℃ and the vacuum pressure to be 0.03MPa, sending suspension flowing out of the decoloring tower into the filter, separating decolored oil and waste clay, and keeping the waste clay in the filter for pre-decoloring;
step four, dewaxing: pumping the destaining oil into a crystallizing tank, cooling to 5 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-3 ℃/h, stirring for 20-24h at a rotating speed of 10-12r/min, then heating to 15-25 ℃, adding into a closed filter, and separating wax under a filtering pressure of 0.35MPa to obtain dewaxed oil;
step five, deacidifying and deodorizing: introducing the dewaxed oil into a gas separator, performing gas separation at the temperature of 120-140 ℃, heating the dewaxed oil after gas separation to 250 ℃, performing steam stripping in a deodorization tower, keeping the temperature in the deodorization tower for 20min after steam stripping, discharging oil after the residual pressure of the deodorization tower reaches 100Pa, introducing the oil into a deacidification tower, performing deacidification treatment at the temperature of 240-250 ℃ and the pressure of 100-500Pa, and quickly reducing the oil temperature to 30-40 ℃ after oil discharge to obtain the deacidified oil;
step six, degreasing: pumping deacidified oil into a cooling crystallization tower, reducing the temperature of the deacidified oil to 3-5 ℃ under the conditions that the temperature reduction rate is 3-5 ℃/h and the rotating speed is 10r/min, preserving the heat and standing for 48h under the condition that the temperature is 5 ℃, heating the crystallized deacidified oil to 15 ℃ after heat preservation, conveying the crystallized deacidified oil into a hot discharge type filter press by using compressed air, and filtering clear oil by pressurization.
2. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the adding amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.05-0.2% of the mass of the rice bran crude oil, and the adding amount of the sodium hydroxide solution is 2-3% of the mass of the rice bran crude oil.
3. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the activated clay is prepared by mixing clay and activated carbon in a ratio of 19: 1.
4. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the filter-pressing impurity removing equipment in the first step comprises a rack member (1), a pressure plate assembly (2), a pneumatic mechanism (3), filter frame assemblies (4) and material receiving trolleys (5), wherein the pneumatic mechanism (3) is located on one side of the rack member (1), the filter frame assemblies (4) are located above the other side of the rack member (1), the pressure plate assembly (2) is located between the pneumatic mechanism (3) and the filter frame assemblies (4), and the two material receiving trolleys (5) are oppositely arranged below the rack member (1);
the frame component (1) comprises sliding base plates (101), feeding and discharging plates (102), first supporting rods (103), cylinder supporting plates (104), second supporting rods (105), supporting frames (106), material blocking angle irons (107), filter cloth supporting rods (108) and rollers (109), wherein the two sliding base plates (101) are oppositely arranged, the feeding and discharging plates (102) are positioned at one end between the two sliding base plates (101), the feeding and discharging plates (102) are respectively and fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates (101), the cylinder supporting plates (104) are positioned at the other end between the two sliding base plates (101), the cylinder supporting plates (104) are respectively and fixedly connected with the two sliding base plates (101), the bottom ends of the feeding and discharging plates (102) are provided with the two oppositely arranged first supporting rods (103), and the top ends of the two first supporting rods (103) are fixedly connected with the feeding and discharging plates (102), the bottom ends of the two first supporting rods (103) are respectively fixedly provided with a roller (109), the bottom end of the cylinder supporting plate (104) is provided with two oppositely arranged second supporting rods (105), the top ends of the two second supporting rods (105) are fixedly connected with the cylinder supporting plate (104), the bottom ends of the two second supporting rods (105) are respectively fixedly provided with a roller (109), the two supporting frames (106) are respectively fixedly arranged at the centers of the lower ends of the two sliding base plates (101), the material blocking angle iron (107) is positioned between the two support frames (106), two ends of the material blocking angle iron (107) are respectively and fixedly connected with the two support frames (106), two filter cloth support rods (108) which are oppositely arranged are arranged above the material blocking angle iron (107), one end of the filter cloth supporting rod (108) is fixedly connected with the first supporting rod (103), and the other end of the filter cloth supporting rod (108) is fixedly connected with the second supporting rod (105);
the pneumatic mechanism (3) comprises an air pump (301), a barometer (302), a reversing switch (303), air pipes (304), an air cylinder box body (305), an air cylinder body mounting plate (306) and an air cylinder supporting rod (307), the air cylinder box body (305) is fixedly connected with the air cylinder body mounting plate (306), the air cylinder body mounting plate (306) is fixedly connected with one side of the air cylinder supporting plate (104) far away from the feeding and discharging plate (102), the air cylinder supporting rod (307) penetrates through the air cylinder body mounting plate (306) and the air cylinder supporting plate (104), the air pump (301) is fixedly mounted at the top end of the air cylinder box body (305), the output end of the air pump (301) is communicated with the reversing switch (303), the barometer (302) is communicated with the input end of the reversing switch (303), the air pipes (304) are oppositely arranged at two sides of the reversing switch (303), and one ends of the two air pipes (304), the other ends of the two air pipes (304) are respectively communicated with the interior of the cylinder box body (305);
the material pressing plate assembly (2) comprises a material pressing plate body (201) and material pressing plate brackets (202), the two material pressing plate brackets (202) are oppositely fixed on two sides of the material pressing plate body (201), the material pressing plate brackets (202) are in sliding connection with the top end of the sliding base plate (101), and one end of the cylinder support rod (307) is fixedly connected with the center of the material pressing plate body (201).
5. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the filter frame component (4) comprises a filter frame body (401) and filter cloth (402), the filter cloth (402) is arranged between the filter frame bodies (401) and the feeding and discharging plate (102), the bottom end of the filter cloth (402) is matched with the filter cloth supporting rod (108), two sides of the filter frame body (401) are oppositely provided with filter frame brackets (4011), the filter frame body (401) is connected with the top end of the sliding base plate (101) in a sliding way through the filter frame brackets (4011), one side of the filter frame body (401) is provided with two oppositely arranged oil inlets (4012), the oil inlet (4012) is communicated with an internal cavity of the filter frame body (401), two oil outlets (4013) which are oppositely arranged are arranged on the other side of the filter frame body (401), a plurality of through holes which are uniformly distributed are formed between the oil outlet (4013) and the inner cavity of the filter frame body (401).
6. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 4, wherein: advance one side of ejection of compact board (102) and be equipped with two oil inlet pipe (1021) that the opposition set up, advance oil inlet pipe (1021) and run through the oil inlet (4012) of advancing ejection of compact board (102) and filtering frame body (401) and cooperate, the opposite side of advancing ejection of compact board (102) is equipped with two oil outlet pipe (1022) that the opposition set up, oil outlet pipe (1022) run through advance ejection of compact board (102) and cooperate with oil-out (4013) of filtering frame body (401), advance one side that ejection of compact board (102) bottom is close to filtering frame subassembly (4) and are fixed with striker plate (1023).
7. A rice bran oil refining process with oryzanol retention as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the material receiving trolley (5) comprises a hopper (501), two handles (502) which are oppositely arranged are respectively fixed on two sides of the hopper (501), and four universal wheels (503) which are oppositely arranged are fixedly installed at the bottom end of the hopper (501).
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| CN103087821A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-05-08 | 武汉工业学院 | Rice bran oil refining method for reserving oryzanol |
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