CN112895433B - Flexible sensor device based on 3D printing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible sensor device based on 3D printing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
- B29C64/129—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/314—Preparation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/01—Manufacture or treatment
- H10N30/08—Shaping or machining of piezoelectric or electrostrictive bodies
Abstract
The invention provides a manufacturing method of a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing the composite piezoelectric printing material meeting the performance requirement; s2, modeling the flexible piezoelectric sensor through three-dimensional drawing software to obtain a printing model of the flexible piezoelectric sensor; s3, curing and manufacturing the composite piezoelectric printing material through a 3D printer to obtain a flexible printing sensor; s4, carrying out voltage polarization processing on the flexible printing sensor to obtain a flexible piezoelectric sensor; and S5, connecting the flexible piezoelectric sensor with a self-energy-taking circuit externally to obtain the flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device. The invention carries out voltage polarization treatment on the printed sensor to obtain the piezoelectric property, so that the flexible piezoelectric sensor obtains the sensitive piezoelectric measurement property, and finally the flexible piezoelectric sensor which can meet the comprehensive requirements of any shape structure, flexibility, sensitivity and the like is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of piezoelectric sensors, and particularly relates to a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The flexible sensor technology is a development direction with great challenges and potentials at present, and has wide development prospects in the fields of artificial intelligence, medical health and the like. The flexible material generally has low elastic modulus, good stretchability and good conformal capability, the 3D printing technology realizes the forming flexibility, and the defects of long processing period and complex process of the traditional manufacturing method can be overcome when the flexible material is applied to the manufacturing process of the flexible sensor.
With the development of various technologies, people put higher demands on sensors, and sensors with special structures capable of adapting to various complex occasions are urgently needed.
The piezoelectric sensor is a sensor based on a piezoelectric effect, charges are generated on the surface of a piezoelectric material after the piezoelectric material is stressed, and pressure signals are converted into electric signals to be output, so that the pressure is well measured. The flexible piezoelectric sensor solves the problems of poor tensile strength, brittle materials, poor flexibility and the like of the conventional sensor device in work, the appearance of the flexible piezoelectric sensor can be changed along with the work requirement, and the flexible piezoelectric sensor has flexible characteristics while ensuring the sensitive piezoelectric characteristics. In the 'flexible piezoelectric sensor' of patent application No. 201810920836, the flexible piezoelectric sensor is composed of a piezoelectric device and a flexible material. The flexible material is deformed under the action of an external force and transmits a pressure signal to the piezoelectric device, so that the piezoelectric device can indirectly measure the external force. However, the above patents also have certain disadvantages: the piezoelectric device indirectly measures the external force in a mode of being covered by the flexible material, and the elastic action of the flexible material can increase the measurement error of the piezoelectric device on the real pressure to a certain extent; the number, the positions and the placing modes of the piezoelectric devices determine the sensitivity of different pressure measurement positions, the requirement of accurate detection of pressure at all the positions cannot be met, and the application range is limited; the flexible piezoelectric sensor has long manufacturing period, and the manufacturing process is greatly influenced by environmental factors; the piezoelectric performance and the energy acquisition condition of the flexible piezoelectric sensor are not analyzed. In summary, the invention provides a novel 3D printed flexible self-powered piezoelectric sensor device in order to solve the problems of the existing piezoelectric sensor, further improve the fit requirements of the shape, sensitivity and rigidity of the device, improve the manufacturing method of the flexible piezoelectric sensor, and achieve accurate measurement and energy acquisition of pressure at each position.
Traditional flexible strain sensor response time is longer, and resistance strain sensor sensitivity is low, and the existence of the poor scheduling problem of piezoceramics sensor flexibility, along with the continuous development of 3D print sensor technique and flexible material, flexible 3D prints flexible sensor device and gradually becomes the research hotspot. The flexible strain sensor with the ultra-fast response and the preparation method thereof which are disclosed in the application number 201811050618 are provided with a flexible strain gauge capable of realizing the ultra-fast response. The response time of the flexible strain sensor can reach 50-500 mus. However, the patent still has some disadvantages: for example, the preparation of the preparation material is complicated, the manufacturing period of the sensor is long, the manufacturing of the sensor with a complicated structure is difficult, the measurement on a specific structure needs to be carefully designed, and the like. In order to solve the problems of the traditional flexible strain sensing and further improve the traditional flexible sensor on the basis of ensuring the sensitivity and the response frequency, the invention provides a flexible 3D printing sensor device for high-frequency strain measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a flexible sensor device based on 3D printing and a method for manufacturing the same, which can not only satisfy sensitive measurement of pressure, but also maintain good flexibility and toughness.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device, which comprises a flexible piezoelectric sensor formed by 3D printing and a self-energy-taking circuit, wherein the self-energy-taking circuit is connected with the flexible piezoelectric sensor through a metal wire.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a flexible self-energized piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing, which includes the following steps:
step 1, preparing a composite piezoelectric printing material meeting the performance requirements according to the flexibility and piezoelectric performance requirements of a flexible piezoelectric sensor;
step 2, modeling the flexible piezoelectric sensor through three-dimensional drawing software to obtain a printing model of the flexible piezoelectric sensor;
step 3, importing the model data into a 3D printer, and then curing and manufacturing the composite piezoelectric printing material through the 3D printer to obtain a flexible printing sensor;
step 4, carrying out voltage polarization treatment on the flexible printing sensor to obtain a flexible piezoelectric sensor;
and 5, externally connecting the flexible piezoelectric sensor with a self-energy-taking circuit to obtain the flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor and the strain sensor, the surface functionalization treatment is carried out on the prepared ceramic polymer material, and then the ceramic polymer material is combined with resin to obtain the nano composite metamaterial. Conventional flexible sensors often sacrifice their piezoelectric performance during optimization for flexibility. Compared with the traditional piezoelectric ceramics or other piezoelectric polycrystalline materials, the flexible sensor material has higher piezoelectric constant and adjustable flexibility, and can meet various complex working conditions. Under the condition of adjustable flexibility, the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric ceramic material is ensured to a certain extent.
(2) The self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor and the strain sensor perform voltage polarization treatment on the printed sensor to obtain piezoelectric characteristics, so that the flexible sensor obtains sensitive piezoelectric measurement characteristics, and finally the flexible sensor which can meet the comprehensive requirements of any shape structure, flexibility, sensitivity and the like is obtained.
(3) The novel composite piezoelectric printing material provided by the self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor is formed by uniformly mixing piezoelectric crystal particles, a conductive high polymer material, flexible printing resin and a catalyst according to a certain proportion, and has high piezoelectric sensitivity and good flexibility.
(4) The self-energy-taking circuit topological structure designed in the self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor can realize measurement display of piezoelectric performance and acquisition and use of energy. The flexible piezoelectric sensor generates piezoelectric response under the action of pressure, and on one hand, the piezoelectric response is displayed after the conversion and calculation processing of the piezoelectric data acquisition module, so that the real-time detection, measurement and display of the pressure are realized; on the other hand, the piezoelectric energy acquisition module stores the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric effect for a low-power load.
(5) The strain sensor can be used for dynamic measurement of high-frequency strain signals, the structure is a sensor, and the strain sensor has the advantages of good temperature linear characteristic, small hysteresis, short response time and wide frequency response range, and also has good output characteristic on high-frequency strain measurement.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a flexible self-energized piezoelectric sensor device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
Piezoelectric sensor embodiment:
the invention discloses a manufacturing method of a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the flexibility and piezoelectric performance requirements of a flexible piezoelectric sensor, adjusting the content ratio of materials such as piezoelectric crystals, flexible printing resin and catalysts, and preparing a composite piezoelectric printing material meeting the performance requirements through relevant process equipment and process methods;
step 2, modeling the appearance and the structural framework of the flexible piezoelectric sensor through three-dimensional drawing software to obtain a printing model of the flexible piezoelectric sensor;
step 3, importing the model data into a 3D printer, and then curing and manufacturing the composite piezoelectric printing material through the 3D printer to obtain a flexible printing sensor;
step 4, carrying out voltage polarization treatment on the flexible printing sensor to obtain a flexible piezoelectric sensor;
and 5, externally connecting the flexible piezoelectric sensor with a self-energy-taking circuit to form a set of system flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device.
In the step 1, the preparation process of the composite piezoelectric printing material is as follows:
the scheme provides a novel flexible composite piezoelectric printing material, and the composite piezoelectric printing material is formed by uniformly mixing a piezoelectric crystal material, a conductive high polymer material, flexible printing resin, a surface functionalizing agent and an initiator according to a certain proportion.
Wherein: the piezoelectric crystal material is a functional material, and the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric sensor device is realized; the conductive polymer material is a conductive regulating material, so that the conductive performance of the device to piezoelectric response is enhanced; the flexible printing resin is a molding curing material, so that the flexible piezoelectric sensor is promoted to be printed and molded; the surface functionalizing agent creates a sterically hindered surface through the generated steric hindrance effect, promotes the uniform mixing of various materials, prolongs the standing time without generating precipitates, improves the stability of the flexible composite piezoelectric printing material, and ensures that the material does not generate a particle precipitation phenomenon in the printing process; the initiator generates free radicals in the printing process, initiates the polymerization, crosslinking and curing of the monomer and plays a decisive role in the curing rate.
Through the technological processes of ultrasonic cleaning, reflux stirring, centrifugal removal, vacuum drying, grinding, mixing and the like, the piezoelectric crystal material, the conductive high polymer material, the flexible printing resin, the surface functionalizing agent and the initiator are mixed and reacted according to a certain proportion to prepare the novel flexible composite piezoelectric printing material.
The specific material selection is as follows:
after comprehensively analyzing the piezoelectric characteristics, flexibility, printing, curing and forming of the flexible piezoelectric sensor, the particle loading of the piezoelectric transistor in this embodiment is approximately 30 vol% to 50 vol%.
Considering the amount of the flexible printing resin required for a single printing sample, the present embodiment analyzes a specific experimental step based on the amount of the flexible printing resin of 30ml for a single printing sample.
The piezoelectric crystal material in this patent may be any one of barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and other piezoelectric materials, and lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles having an average diameter of 220.9nm and a curie temperature of 360 ℃ are selected for use in the present embodiment, and have good piezoelectric characteristics.
150g of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic crystal powder was ultrasonically dispersed in 12500g of deionized water containing 272.5g of glacial acetic acid, and the ultrasonic dispersion was carried out for 2 hours by using an ultrasonic cleaner.
The surface functionalizing agent in this patent is propyl methacrylate, which is selected in this example as C10H20O5Si 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane, 262.25g of 3- (methacryloyloxy) propyltrimethoxysilane was added to the above solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred under heating under reflux for 3 hours.
The surface functionalized lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles are centrifugally cleaned by a centrifuge, the supernatant is removed, and then dispersed in 200ml of ethanol for at least two cycles. And collecting the ceramic particles again by using a centrifugal machine, and drying the obtained particles in a vacuum drying oven or under mild heating overnight to finally obtain the dry surface functionalized lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles.
The flexible printing resin in this patent may be any one of flexible resin or elastic resin, and the flexible printing resin selected for use in this embodiment is of molecular formula C5H10O4PEGDA Material, PEGDA flexographic printing resin in this exampleThe amount of (A) is 30 ml.
The initiator in this patent may be any one of curing catalytic printing compounds, and in this embodiment, lithium phenyl (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphate, i.e., LAP material, is selected. The LAP material is a photoinitiator material, and the amount of LAP photoinitiator used in this example is 200 mg.
The conductive polymer material in the patent is any one of graphene, carbon nano tube or polystyrene sulfonate, the selected conductive polymer material is high-purity single-layer graphene, and the mass percentage of the high-purity single-layer graphene in the experiment is 1%.
The surface functionalized lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles obtained above were put into a flexible photocurable printing resin solution containing graphene, photoinitiator, and mixed for 30 minutes using a physical milling method to ensure that the mixture was homogeneous. There are many physical grinding methods used herein, such as high-energy ball mill grinding, manual grinding, and the like. The compound after grinding and mixing is the composite piezoelectric printing material required by the invention.
In the step 2, the three-dimensional modeling software may be one of 3d system tools max, UG, SolidWorks, AutoCAD and Maya, and in this patent, the AutoCAD three-dimensional modeling software is used to design a print model of the lattice structure flexible piezoelectric sensor with a thickness of 50mm by 2mm, and transmit the print model information to the photocuring printer control system.
In the step 3, the composite piezoelectric printing material is cured and printed, the prepared composite piezoelectric printing material is placed in a material groove of a photocuring printer, and the flexible piezoelectric sensor is printed by the control operation table of the photocuring printer and the movement of the ultraviolet light beam.
Specifically, after the printing model information is transmitted to a control system of the photocuring printer, on one hand, the control system improves the photoetching precision by a method of spatial light modulation and lens reduction of a digital micromirror array, and controls ultraviolet light beams to perform layer-by-layer planar photocuring printing on a composite piezoelectric printing material containing a photoinitiator and piezoelectric crystal particles;
on the other hand, the control system can control and realize the movement of the mechanical arm of the operating platform, and the precise recoating of the composite piezoelectric printing resin in the printing process is realized. To ensure that the resin can be recoated uniformly and efficiently, we recoat the resin using a casting method: after one layer is solidified, the control system controls the mechanical arm to move, the composite piezoelectric printing material in the trough extrudes a small amount of resin on the oxygen permeable membrane through the extruder, then the coating blade on the mechanical arm is moved to gradually generate a thin resin membrane, and a layer of resin with flat height is left after the coating blade is moved out of the workbench.
And the control system is used for cooperatively controlling the ultraviolet light beam and the control console to realize layer-by-layer curing printing of the composite piezoelectric printing material, and finally the required flexible piezoelectric sensor is obtained.
The curing printer used in the patent is 10 minutes to the printing time of single 50mm 2mm lattice-shaped flexible piezoelectric sensor, and during the period, no obvious particle precipitation exists in the nano composite piezoelectric metamaterial, so that the uniformity of piezoelectric crystal particles in the printed flexible piezoelectric sensor is ensured, and the piezoelectric performance of the flexible piezoelectric sensor is ensured.
In step 4, voltage polarization processing is required to be performed to make the manufactured flexible printed sensor have piezoelectric characteristics, the polarization voltage, the polarization temperature and the polarization time are set in combination with parameters such as breakdown voltage, current and the like of the flexible piezoelectric sensor, and the flexible printed sensor is subjected to polarization processing by adopting a reasonable polarization mode and protective measures to manufacture the flexible piezoelectric sensor having piezoelectric characteristics. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in order to avoid the phenomena of electric field breakdown and uneven polarization of the flexible piezoelectric sensor in the polarization process, the polarization method used in the invention is a conductive rubber protection polarization method, and the conductive rubber applied with high-strength voltage is attached to two sides of the flexible piezoelectric sensor, so that the generated electric field effective field spans the thickness of a sample, and electric domains are arranged along the direction of the electric field in an oriented manner, thereby obtaining the piezoelectric sensor with consistent crystal orientation.
The polarization power supply equipment used in the embodiment is an ST-P353-10-AC-H07 chassis type high-voltage polarization power supply, and the potentiometer can be adjusted to achieve voltage and current output of 0-40 kV and 0-10 mA. And applying a polarized direct-current voltage of 30kV to the flexible piezoelectric sensor by a high-voltage polarized power supply through the conductive rubber, wherein the polarized current is 5mA, and polarizing for 1.5 hours at room temperature to finally obtain the flexible piezoelectric sensor with good and uniform piezoelectric characteristics.
In the step 5, the polarized flexible piezoelectric sensor and the external self-energy-taking circuit topological structure jointly form a 3D printed flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device, and measurement display of the piezoelectric performance of the flexible piezoelectric sensor and acquisition and use of energy are realized through the self-energy-taking circuit topological structure.
The external self-energy-taking circuit topological structure is connected with the flexible piezoelectric sensor through a metal wire to form a conductive loop; after the piezoelectric signal generated by the piezoelectric sensor is converted by the self-energy-taking circuit topological structure, on one hand, the magnitude of the applied pressure is detected and displayed in real time, and on the other hand, the acquired energy is stored for load use. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the metal wire may be a silver wire, a copper wire, or a copper foil, and the metal wire used in this embodiment is a copper wire. The metal wire is connected with the contact surface of the two sides of the flexible piezoelectric sensor through connection modes such as physical contact or adhesion, conductive silver adhesive is used as an adhesion tool in the embodiment, and piezoelectric signals generated by the flexible piezoelectric sensor under the action of external force are transmitted to an external self-energy-taking circuit topological structure through the conductive silver adhesive and the copper wire.
The self-energy-taking circuit topological structure comprises a piezoelectric data acquisition module and a piezoelectric energy acquisition module. The piezoelectric data acquisition module captures a piezoelectric signal, so that the measurement and display of the acting force on the flexible piezoelectric sensor are realized; the piezoelectric energy acquisition module can acquire and store electric energy generated by piezoelectric signals, and the electric energy is optimized and then used by a low-power load.
The piezoelectric data acquisition module in the embodiment is composed of an operational amplifier circuit and a display system. The operational amplifier module consists of an operational amplifier, a direct current power supply and a collection resistor; the operational amplifier used in this embodiment is an LM358 operational amplifier, the dc power supply is 10V, and the resistance of the collecting resistor is 50M Ω.
The polarized flexible piezoelectric sensor can immediately generate piezoelectric response after being subjected to external pressure, the lower electrode plate is connected with the anode of the operational amplifier, the upper electrode plate is connected to the cathode of the operational amplifier through a lead, and the LM358 operational amplifier normally works under the power supply of a 10V direct-current power supply. The resistance value of the differential mode input acquisition resistor is very large, and the differential mode input acquisition resistor is used for measuring voltage generated by applied pressure, further transmitting a voltage signal to a display system, and realizing acquisition and display of piezoelectric data.
The piezoelectric energy acquisition module in this embodiment is composed of a rectification module, an energy storage module, a switch control module and a low-power load, which are connected in sequence. The rectifying module can convert the positive and negative alternating electric signals generated by the flexible piezoelectric sensor into direct current, and the rectifying device used in the embodiment is a KBPC1510 single-phase rectifying bridge, which can realize the conversion of alternating current to 0.9 times direct current. The upper electrode and the lower electrode of the flexible piezoelectric sensor are connected to two ends of a rectifier bridge embodiment, electric signals are uniformly changed into direct current after rectification of a bridge rectifier, and then a capacitor with the capacity of 100uF is used as an energy storage module for storing electric energy. The switch control module compares the display system voltage with the capacitor storage voltage: when the storage voltage of the capacitor is less than the voltage shown by the display system, the control switch is switched off to continuously charge the capacitor; when the storage voltage of the capacitor is greater than the voltage shown by the display system and the power utilization requirement of the load can be met, the capacitor stops charging, the switch is controlled to be closed, and the energy storage module capacitor is used for supplying power to the low-power load.
The low-power load used in this embodiment is an LED indicator composed of 10 LEDs connected in series, and when a pressure of 1.5N is applied to the flexible voltage sensor, the stored voltage obtained by the energy storage capacitor is found to be 3V by measurement, and the control switch S1 is closed, so that the LED indicator can be powered for 1 second.
The scheme provides a novel electromechanical coupling metamaterial, which is a uniformly mixed composite piezoelectric printing material prepared from piezoelectric crystal particles, a conductive high polymer material, flexible printing resin and a catalyst according to a certain proportion, and has high piezoelectric sensitivity and good flexibility. The piezoelectric signal transmission performance of the piezoelectric crystal particles is greatly improved by adding the conductive high polymer material; the flexible printing resin enables the manufactured piezoelectric sensor to have conductive performance and flexible tensile performance on one hand, and provides a required action substance for 3D printing to promote 3D printing, curing and forming of the device on the other hand; the surface functionalizing agent promotes the uniform mixing of the piezoelectric crystal particles and the flexible printing resin by generating a chemical reaction, and the precipitation time is prolonged so as to ensure that the precipitation phenomenon cannot occur in the printing process; the initiator promotes the curing reaction and improves the printing efficiency. The synthesized flexible composite piezoelectric printing material contains uniformly mixed piezoelectric nano crystals, so that the manufactured flexible piezoelectric sensor can realize the sensitive detection of the pressure generated piezoelectric signal under the condition of ensuring the flexibility characteristic, the material is the sensor, the pressure can directly generate piezoelectric response after acting on the flexible material, and the good piezoelectric effect can be generated on the pressure in any position and action shape without externally attaching other piezoelectric devices.
The flexible printing resin and the initiator contained in the composite piezoelectric printing material are used for 3D printing, curing and molding of the material. The prepared composite piezoelectric printing material is placed into a material groove of a 3D printer, the shape, the size and the structure of a flexible piezoelectric sensor required in engineering application are designed through three-dimensional drawing software, design data are transmitted to a control system of the 3D printer, and the movement of the control operation system is used for realizing the solidification printing of the composite piezoelectric printing material. The flexible piezoelectric sensor which is manufactured in a 3D printing mode and has a complex structure and meets design requirements improves manufacturing flexibility, shortens manufacturing period and reduces waste of raw materials. And carrying out voltage polarization treatment on the printed sensor to obtain piezoelectric characteristics, so that the flexible piezoelectric sensor obtains sensitive piezoelectric measurement characteristics, and finally obtaining the flexible piezoelectric sensor which can meet the comprehensive requirements of any shape structure, flexibility, sensitivity and the like.
The self-energy-taking circuit topological structure designed in the scheme can realize measurement display of piezoelectric performance and acquisition and use of energy. The flexible piezoelectric sensor generates piezoelectric response under the action of pressure, and on one hand, the piezoelectric response is displayed after the conversion and calculation processing of the piezoelectric data acquisition module, so that the real-time detection, measurement and display of the pressure are realized; on the other hand, the piezoelectric energy acquisition module stores the electric energy generated by the piezoelectric effect for a low-power load.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A manufacturing method of a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a composite piezoelectric printing material meeting the performance requirements according to the flexibility performance and the piezoelectric performance requirements of the flexible piezoelectric sensor;
s2, modeling the flexible piezoelectric sensor through three-dimensional drawing software to obtain a printing model of the flexible piezoelectric sensor;
s3, importing the model data into a 3D printer, and then curing and manufacturing the composite piezoelectric printing material through the 3D printer to obtain a flexible printing sensor;
s4, carrying out voltage polarization processing on the flexible printing sensor to obtain a flexible piezoelectric sensor;
s5, connecting the flexible piezoelectric sensor with an external self-energy-taking circuit to obtain a flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device;
the composite piezoelectric printing material comprises piezoelectric crystal nano particles, a conductive high polymer material, flexible printing resin, a surface functionalizing agent and a photoinitiator; the piezoelectric crystal nanoparticle loading is approximately 30% vol to 50% vol; the piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles are lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles with the average diameter of 220.9nm and the Curie temperature of 360 ℃; the conductive high polymer material is high-purity single-layer graphene, and the mass percentage of the high-purity single-layer graphene is 1%;
the preparation process of the composite piezoelectric printing material comprises the following steps:
s11, ultrasonically dispersing the powder of the piezoelectric crystal nano particles in deionized water containing glacial acetic acid, and ultrasonically dispersing the powder by using an ultrasonic cleaning machine;
s12, adding a surface functionalizing agent into the solution obtained in the step S11, and heating, refluxing and stirring the obtained mixture;
s13, performing centrifugal cleaning on the mixture obtained in the step S12 through a centrifugal machine, removing supernatant, and dispersing in ethanol for at least two cycles; collecting the ceramic particles again by using a centrifugal machine, and drying the obtained particles to obtain surface functionalized piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles;
s14, putting the piezoelectric crystal nanoparticles obtained in the step S13 into a flexible printing resin solution containing a conductive polymer material and a photoinitiator, and mixing for a certain time by using a physical grinding method to obtain a required composite piezoelectric printing material;
the surface functionalizing agent is propyl methacrylate, and the flexible printing resin is polyethylene glycol diacrylate; the photoinitiator is a LAP material;
the self-energy-taking circuit comprises a piezoelectric data acquisition module and a piezoelectric energy acquisition module,
the piezoelectric data acquisition module comprises an operational amplifier circuit and a display system, a lower electrode plate of the flexible piezoelectric sensor is connected with the anode of the operational circuit, and an upper electrode plate is connected to the cathode of the operational amplifier circuit through a lead; the output of the operational amplifier circuit is connected with a display system;
the piezoelectric energy acquisition module consists of a rectifying module, an energy storage module, a switch control module and a low-power load which are sequentially connected, wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the flexible piezoelectric sensor are connected to two ends of the rectifying module, and the rectifying module converts positive and negative alternative electric signals generated by the flexible piezoelectric sensor into direct current and stores electric energy through the energy storage module; the switch control module compares the voltage of the display system with the voltage of the energy storage module: when the voltage of the energy storage module is less than the voltage shown by the display system, the switch of the switch control module is switched off, and the energy storage module is continuously charged; when the voltage of the energy storage module is greater than the voltage shown by the display system and the power utilization requirement of the load can be met, the switch of the switch control module is closed, and the energy storage module supplies power to the low-power load.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in step S3, a conductive rubber is attached to both sides of the flexible print sensor, a polarized dc voltage of 30kV is applied to the flexible print sensor from a high voltage polarized power supply through the conductive rubber, the polarized current is 5mA, and polarization is performed at room temperature for 1.5 hours, so that the flexible piezoelectric sensor is obtained.
3. The flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on the manufacturing method of the flexible self-energy-taking piezoelectric sensor device based on 3D printing according to any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising a flexible piezoelectric sensor formed by 3D printing and a self-energy-taking circuit, wherein the self-energy-taking circuit is connected with the flexible piezoelectric sensor through a metal lead;
the self-energy-taking circuit comprises:
the piezoelectric data acquisition module: the flexible piezoelectric sensor comprises an operational amplifier circuit and a display system, wherein a lower electrode plate of the flexible piezoelectric sensor is connected with the anode of an operational circuit, and an upper electrode plate is connected to the cathode of the operational amplifier circuit through a lead; the output of the operational amplifier circuit is connected with a display system;
the piezoelectric energy acquisition module: the flexible piezoelectric sensor comprises a rectification module, an energy storage module, a switch control module and a low-power load which are connected in sequence, wherein the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the flexible piezoelectric sensor are connected to two ends of the rectification module, the rectification module converts positive and negative alternative electric signals generated by the flexible piezoelectric sensor into direct current, and then the electric energy is stored through the energy storage module; the switch control module compares the voltage of the display system with the voltage of the energy storage module: when the voltage of the energy storage module is less than the voltage shown by the display system, the switch of the switch control module is switched off, and the energy storage module is continuously charged; when the voltage of the energy storage module is greater than the voltage shown by the display system and the power utilization requirement of the load can be met, the switch of the switch control module is closed, and the energy storage module supplies power to the low-power load.
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| CN113843498B (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-06-28 | 厦门大学 | Laser conformal manufacturing method for three-dimensional curved surface of flexible sensor |
| CN114295255B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-09-29 | 金陵科技学院 | Flexible pressure sensor based on 3D prints |
| CN114536604A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏集萃微纳自动化***与装备技术研究所有限公司 | Flexible material based 3D printing sensor, preparation method and application |
| CN114413744B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-04-07 | 西安交通大学 | 3D printing composite material flexible strain sensor based on auxetic structure and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023185930A1 (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 深圳市纵维立方科技有限公司 | Printing control method, photocuring three-dimensional printer and readable storage medium |
| CN114891165B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-04-07 | 四川大学 | Piezoelectric composite photosensitive resin material for three-dimensional photocuring molding printing and preparation method and application thereof |
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