CN112886578A - Online evaluation method for line availability in power grid restoration process based on protection information - Google Patents

Online evaluation method for line availability in power grid restoration process based on protection information Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112886578A
CN112886578A CN202110144815.7A CN202110144815A CN112886578A CN 112886578 A CN112886578 A CN 112886578A CN 202110144815 A CN202110144815 A CN 202110144815A CN 112886578 A CN112886578 A CN 112886578A
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protection
availability
probability
power equipment
power
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王毅钊
张志华
刘浩
胡妍捷
焦在滨
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Xian Jiaotong University
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a line availability online evaluation method in a power grid recovery process based on protection information. The method can acquire the availability probability of the power transmission line in real time, is not limited by the complexity of natural disasters causing power grid blackout, can meet the requirement of decision support in the recovery process of the power system, and ensures the rapid and efficient recovery of the power grid and the load.

Description

Online evaluation method for line availability in power grid restoration process based on protection information
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power systems, and particularly relates to a line availability online evaluation method in a power grid restoration process based on protection information.
Background
In recent years, for major power failure accidents caused by extremely small-probability natural disasters such as earthquakes, ice disasters and typhoons, how to quickly and effectively recover power supply to loads and improve elasticity and recovery of a power grid is highly emphasized by power grid enterprises and domestic and foreign power workers.
The major power failure accident caused by the extremely small probability event is often accompanied with the damage of the power equipment, so that the recovery process has the following characteristics: firstly, the damage of different degrees of electric power equipment such as a circuit and a transformer in an electric power system must be considered in the recovery process, on one hand, the relay protection action can be caused by inputting fault equipment in the recovery process, so that the recovery process fails, and the recovery time is increased; on the other hand, the power grid in the recovery process is generally fragile, and switching of a fault element can cause impact on the recovered power grid, and in severe cases, the system can be broken down secondarily, so that the whole recovery process is damaged. Second, the grid restoration cannot be implemented according to a preset black start scheme. Thirdly, the recovery process highly depends on the knowledge and experience of the dispatching team, and the requirement on the dispatching personnel is greatly improved.
Current assessment studies for power equipment availability in extreme event situations can be divided into two categories: one is an electrical equipment evaluation model based on a physical damage mechanism under different extreme weather; and the other type is a power equipment evaluation model based on probability statistical regression and a risk evaluation model of power grid blackout. The two methods highly depend on a preset physical model and historical statistical data, both belong to prior evaluation, but whether equipment is damaged or not in an actual accident does not necessarily accord with an evaluation result, and a recovery strategy made according to the evaluation result cannot solve the problem that the equipment availability needs to be acquired in real time in the net rack recovery process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an online evaluation method for line availability in a power grid restoration process based on protection information, which overcomes the defects of the prior art and can realize real-time online evaluation on the availability of a power transmission line in a large power failure accident caused by an extremely small probability natural disaster, thereby helping to make an effective power system restoration scheme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the online evaluation method for the availability of the line in the power grid restoration process based on the protection information comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a probability type association model of protection information and power equipment availability suitable for differential current protection and bus protection according to probability distribution that the reliability of a protection device accords with;
step 2, according to respective protection ranges and matching relations of the section I and the section II in the distance protection, a section type association model suitable for the distance protection of protection information and the power equipment availability is established in combination with a probability type association model;
and 3, on the basis of the two established association models of the protection information and the power equipment availability, considering the action coordination relation between different protection devices, and performing online evaluation on the power transmission line availability by combining the protection action information given by the event sequence record.
Further, in step 1, considering that the power grid is complex in wiring and elements are unstable to cause malfunction and rejection of the protection device, based on the clear statistics of the relay protection operation condition on the relay protection action condition, the protection malfunction rate and rejection rate conforming to the classical profile are obtained, and then a probabilistic correlation model for the protection information for differential current protection and bus protection and the power equipment availability is established, wherein the calculation method of the protected power equipment availability probability is as follows:
PA(m1)＝P(A|m1)＝PU(m) (1)
PF(m0)＝P(F|m0)＝PR(m) (2)
PF(mi)+PA(mi)＝1 (3)
wherein, PAAs availability probability of the power equipment, PFAs probability of damage to the power equipment, PUTo protect the device against false action probability, PRThe probability of the failure of the protection device; m ═ { c, b } is a protection type, c is differential current protection, and b is bus protection; i is 1,0, and 1/0 characterizes protection device action/non-action; p (A | m)1) Representing the probability of the availability of the transmission line under the condition of protection action; p (F | m)0) The probability of damage to the transmission line under conditions of protection inactivity is characterized.
Further, in step 2, considering the protection ranges and the mutual cooperation relationship of the section I and the section II of the distance protection, and combining with the probability type association model, a section type association model suitable for the protection information of the distance protection and the power equipment availability is established, and the availability probability calculation method of the protected power equipment is as follows:
Figure BDA0002930217820000021
PF(d0)＝PA(II0·I0)＝PA(II0) (5)
PA(I1)＝P(A|I1)＝PU(I) (6)
PA(II1)＝P(A|II1)＝PU(d)+(lproII-L)/lproII (7)
PA(II0)＝1-PF(II0)＝1-P(F|II0)＝1-PR(II0) (8)
wherein d is distance protection, I is a distance protection I section, and II is a distance protection II section; lproIIAnd L is the length of the power equipment of the current level for the protection range of the distance protection II section.
Further, in step 3, the action coordination relationship among different protections is analyzed, and the power equipment availability evaluation results based on the single protection information are subjected to probability fusion by combining the protection action information recorded by the event Sequence (SOE), so that the final availability evaluation result of the power equipment is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the method establishes a probability type correlation model and a section type correlation model between the relay protection action information and the power transmission line availability, and applies the probability type correlation model and the section type correlation model to different relay protection. An online evaluation method for the availability of the power transmission line is provided by applying a conditional probability fusion method and combining with the real-time recording of an event Sequence (SOE). Therefore, the method can acquire the availability probability of each power transmission line in the power grid recovery process in real time, does not need to consider the disaster type causing the blackout of the power system, provides powerful support for the decision of a scheduling team in the power grid recovery process, achieves the aim of improving the power grid recovery success rate, and reduces the economic loss and social influence caused by the blackout accident caused by extreme natural disasters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a transmission line availability assessment algorithm;
FIG. 2 is a probabilistic correlation model of protection information with power device availability;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the distance protection section I and section II;
FIG. 4 is a block-type correlation model of protection information and power equipment availability; wherein (a) is a section type association model of protection information of a distance protection I section and power equipment availability, and (b) is a section type association model of protection information of a distance protection II section and power equipment availability;
fig. 5 is a diagram of an example topology of a new england 39 node system.
Detailed Description
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a protection information-based online evaluation method for line availability in a power grid restoration process, comprising the following steps:
step 1: considering that the protection device malfunctions and rejects due to complex wiring of a power grid and unstable elements, a protection malfunction rate and a rejection rate conforming to a classical general model are obtained based on clear statistics of relay protection operation conditions on relay protection action conditions, and then a probability type correlation model of protection information for differential current protection and bus protection and power equipment availability is established, as shown in fig. 2. The method for calculating the availability probability of the protected power equipment comprises the following steps:
PA(m1)＝P(A|m1)＝PU(m) (1)
PF(m0)＝P(F|m0)＝PR(m) (2)
PF(mi)+PA(mi)＝1 (3)
wherein, PAAs availability probability of the power equipment, PFAs probability of damage to the power equipment, PUTo protect the device against false action probability, PRThe probability of the failure of the protection device; m ═ { c, b } is a protection type, c is differential current protection, and b is bus protection; i is 1,0, and 1/0 characterizes protection device action/non-action; p (A | m)1) Representing the probability of the availability of the transmission line under the condition of protection action; p (F | m)0) The probability of damage to the transmission line under conditions of protection inactivity is characterized.
Step 2: considering that the distance protection is a stepwise protection based on a single-ended electrical quantity, the entire length of the line cannot be protected, and therefore step distance relays having different thresholds are usually installed on the same terminal. As shown in fig. 3, the distance I segment protection generally sets the protection range to be about 85% of the length of the transmission line, so as to meet the requirement of rapidity; the protection range of the distance II section protection is usually extended to the subordinate line to meet the requirements of selectivity.
According to the section matching relationship between the distance I section protection and the distance II section protection, a section type association model suitable for the distance protection and the power equipment availability is established by combining a probability type association model, as shown in FIG. 4. The method for calculating the availability probability of the protected power equipment comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002930217820000041
PF(d0)＝PA(II0·I0)＝PA(II0) (5)
PA(I1)＝P(A|I1)＝PU(I) (6)
PA(II1)＝P(A|II1)＝PU(d)+(lproII-L)/lproII (7)
PA(II0)＝1-PF(II0)＝1-P(F|II0)＝1-PR(II0) (8)
wherein d is distance protection, I represents a distance protection I section, and II represents a distance protection II section; lproIIAnd L is the length of the power equipment of the current level for the protection range of the distance protection II section.
And step 3: the action coordination relationship between different protections is analyzed, and for a certain power equipment, the protection devices are not independent from each other, but have a mutual coordination relationship. This is reflected in that the main protection operates quickly when a fault occurs in the power equipment, and the backup protection operates if the main protection fails. Therefore, only four situations are possible for the protection system for the same power device: { (c)1·d0·b0),(c0·d1·b0),(c0·d0·b1),(c0·d0·b0) Where c is differential current protection, d is distance protection, b is bus protection, and subscript 1/0 characterizes protection device action/non-action.
By applying the conditional probability fusion method, the coordination relationship of the protection actions can be described by the following formula:
P(X1·Y0·Z0)＝P(X1)·P(Y0·Z0|X1)＝P(X1) (7)
Figure BDA0002930217820000042
wherein, X, Y, Z represent different relay protection devices respectively.
In particular, if there is no protection action, these protection devices can be considered to be independent of each other according to the morgan law, whose corresponding power equipment availability probability is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0002930217820000051
table 1 lists the availability probability and the damage probability of the transmission line under different protection actions.
Table 1 evaluation of transmission line availability under different protection actions
Figure BDA0002930217820000052
Considering that both ends of the power equipment are provided with the protection systems and the two sets of protection devices are independent of each other, the final availability evaluation result of the protected power equipment is
Figure BDA0002930217820000053
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002930217820000054
respectively representing the final evaluation result of the availability probability and the final evaluation result of the damage probability of the protected power equipment;
Figure BDA0002930217820000055
the device damage probabilities obtained from the protection system information at the head and tail ends of the electric power device are respectively shown.
Examples
An example topological diagram of a new england 39-node system is shown in fig. 5, which includes 10 units, 39 buses, 34 line branches and 12 transformer branches, and assumes that an extreme small-probability event occurs to cause a major power failure in the whole network, and completes the evaluation of the availability of the transmission line in the system for the extreme event.
G10 is used as a black start unit and provides start power for the rest units; G1-G9 are non-black starting units. Information on the G1-G10 unit is shown in Table 2 (b); the time required for the recovery operation of each part of the power system is shown in table 2 (a).
TABLE 2(a) time required for power system to resume operation
Figure BDA0002930217820000056
Figure BDA0002930217820000061
Table 2(b) IEEE39 node group information
Figure BDA0002930217820000062
Table 3 shows statistical data of various types of protection actions of the three-year relay protection system.
TABLE 3 statistics of three-year action condition of power system relay protection
Figure BDA0002930217820000063
For two sets of protection systems of the nth power transmission line, approximately considering that certain type of protection of each power transmission line obeys the total probability distribution of the type of protection, and calculating the corresponding false action rate and the corresponding failure action rate as follows:
Figure BDA0002930217820000064
Figure BDA0002930217820000065
Figure BDA0002930217820000071
wherein n isXAnd nYAnd respectively showing protection systems arranged at two ends of the nth power transmission line, wherein N is the total number of the power transmission lines.
Table 4 shows statistics of the action conditions of the relay protection at the two ends of each transmission line during the extreme event, and since no exit action exists for the relay protection outside the disaster range, only the action conditions of the relay protection at the two ends of each transmission line within the disaster range are listed in the table.
TABLE 4 statistics of power system relay protection behavior during extreme disasters
Figure BDA0002930217820000072
The final evaluation results of the availability of each transmission line in the current disaster range are shown in table 5, based on equations (7) to (10) and tables 2(a) and 2 (b).
TABLE 5 Power equipment damage probability assessment results
Figure BDA0002930217820000073
As can be seen from Table 5, the lines with the damage probability of more than 0.9 comprise 16-17, 17-18 and 17-27, and the lines with the damage probability of 0.8-0.9 comprise 3-18, 16-24, 23-24, 26-27 and 26-29.
These evaluation results should be reasonably considered in the solution process of the crew startup path optimization.
(1) Unit starting sequence recovery scheme without considering availability of electric power equipment
And (3) solving the optimization of the starting path of the unit by adopting a Dijkstra algorithm, and if the availability of the power equipment is not considered, the damage probability of the power equipment is not considered in the recovery path optimization algorithm, and only the overvoltage risk existing when the power transmission line is switched is considered. That is, the weights of the edges taken in Dijkstra's algorithm are as follows:
Dn＝Cn (14)
wherein D isnRepresenting the weight value of an edge n, C, in the Dijkstra algorithmnAnd the capacitance value of the transmission line n corresponding to the side is shown.
And optimizing the recovery path from the black start unit to each unit to be recovered. I.e. to find an optimal recovery path from G10 to G1 to G9 which guarantees a minimum risk of over-voltage when recovering the respective unit to be recovered. The resulting unit restoration time and the corresponding restoration path without considering the availability of the power equipment are shown in table 6.
Table 6 optimal recovery time and path optimization result of unit to be recovered without considering availability of power equipment
Figure BDA0002930217820000081
As can be seen from table 6, when the blocks G5, G6, G4, and G7 are restored, since the optimal restoration paths thereof pass through the lines 3-18, 17-18, 16-17 having a high probability of damage, the reliability of the restoration paths thereof is very low. Therefore, the fault can be switched again during recovery, so that the relay protection is tripped again, severe fluctuation of the system is caused, even the system is broken down secondarily in severe cases, and the recovery time is greatly prolonged.
(2) Unit starting sequence recovery scheme considering availability of power equipment
Under the condition of considering the availability of power equipment, the risk of overvoltage existing when the power transmission line is switched is not only required to be considered in the optimization of the recovery path, but also the risk of unavailability of the power transmission line is also required to be considered, that is, the weight of each edge in the Dijkstra algorithm for optimizing the recovery path of the unit is selected as follows:
Figure BDA0002930217820000091
wherein D isnRepresenting the weight value of the edge n in the Dijkstra algorithm; cnRepresenting the capacitance value of the transmission line n corresponding to the edge;
Figure BDA0002930217820000092
and
Figure BDA0002930217820000093
the good probability and the damage probability of the power transmission line are respectively evaluated by utilizing relay protection information at two ends during a disaster. When the capacitance value of the power transmission line is lower and the available probability is higher, the weight value of the edge of the power transmission line is lower, and the power transmission line is easier to select by the Dijkstra algorithm. This not only takes into account the risk of overvoltages, but also the risk of unavailability of the electrical equipment.
Similarly, repeating the unit starting sequence optimization model, and finally obtaining the unit recovery time considering the availability of the power equipment and the recovery path of each unit are shown in table 7.
Table 7 shows the optimal recovery time and path optimization result of the unit to be recovered considering the availability of the power equipment
Figure BDA0002930217820000094
As can be seen from table 7, in the case of considering the availability of the power equipment, that is, in the Dijkstra algorithm, the damage probability of each transmission line is considered in the weight, all the unit restoration paths successfully avoid the transmission lines with higher damage probability listed in table 5, and the reliability of the restoration paths is significantly improved, so that the smooth performance of the restoration process is ensured, the restoration process is accelerated, and finally all the units can be successfully restored at 1: 15.
Therefore, in the recovery of the power system after the disaster, if the damage probability of the power equipment is obtained by adopting the power equipment availability evaluation method based on the relay protection information, and the damage of the power equipment is taken into account, the method is more in accordance with the practical engineering. The operator of the power system can obtain a reliable damage probability of the power equipment without checking whether the equipment is damaged or not on site, so that the power system network frame recovery scheme which accords with the post-disaster recovery characteristics can be formulated. The power transmission line with high damage probability can be avoided smoothly in the net rack recovery optimization result considering the availability of the power equipment, so that the secondary power failure of the system caused by the secondary action of relay protection in the recovery process can be avoided successfully, the time required by recovery is greatly shortened, the recovery failure probability is reduced, and the recovery speed and efficiency of the power system after an extremely small probability event are improved.

Claims (4)

1. The online evaluation method for the availability of the line in the power grid restoration process based on the protection information is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, establishing a probability type association model of protection information and power equipment availability suitable for differential current protection and bus protection according to probability distribution that the reliability of a protection device accords with;
step 2, according to respective protection ranges and matching relations of the section I and the section II in the distance protection, a section type association model suitable for the distance protection of protection information and the power equipment availability is established in combination with a probability type association model;
and 3, on the basis of the two established association models of the protection information and the power equipment availability, considering the action coordination relation between different protection devices, and performing online evaluation on the power transmission line availability by combining the protection action information given by the event sequence record.
2. The method for online evaluation of line availability in the process of power grid restoration based on protection information according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, considering that a protection device is misoperated and refused due to complex wiring of a power grid and unstable elements, a protection misoperating rate and a refusing rate conforming to a classical profile are obtained based on explicit statistics of relay protection operation conditions on relay protection action conditions, and a probabilistic correlation model between protection information for differential current protection and bus protection and power equipment availability is further established, wherein the method for calculating the availability probability of protected power equipment comprises the following steps:
PA(m1)＝P(A|m1)＝PU(m) (1)
PF(m0)＝P(F|m0)＝PR(m) (2)
PF(mi)+PA(mi)＝1 (3)
wherein, PAAs availability probability of the power equipment, PFAs probability of damage to the power equipment, PUTo protect the device against false action probability, PRThe probability of the failure of the protection device; m ═ { c, b } is a protection type, c is differential current protection, and b is bus protection; i is 1,0, and 1/0 characterizes protection device action/non-action; p (A | m)1) Representing the probability of the availability of the transmission line under the condition of protection action; p (F | m)0) The probability of damage to the transmission line under conditions of protection inactivity is characterized.
3. The online evaluation method for the availability of the line in the power grid restoration process based on the protection information according to claim 2, wherein in step 2, a section type association model of the protection information suitable for distance protection and the availability of the power equipment is established by taking into account the protection ranges and the mutual cooperation relationship of the section I and the section II of the distance protection and combining with a probability type association model, and the method for calculating the availability probability of the protected power equipment is as follows:
Figure FDA0002930217810000011
PF(d0)＝PA(II0·I0)＝PA(II0) (5)
PA(I1)＝P(A|I1)＝PU(I) (6)
PA(II1)＝P(A|II1)＝PU(d)+(lproII-L)/lproII (7)
PA(II0)＝1-PF(II0)＝1-P(F|II0)＝1-PR(II0) (8)
wherein d is distance protection, I is a distance protection I section, and II is a distance protection II section; lproIIAnd L is the length of the power equipment of the current level for the protection range of the distance protection II section.
4. The online line availability evaluation method in the power grid restoration process based on the protection information as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the action coordination relationship between different protections is analyzed, and the given protection action information is recorded in combination with the event sequence to obtain the final availability evaluation result of the power equipment.
CN202110144815.7A 2021-02-02 2021-02-02 Online evaluation method for line availability in power grid restoration process based on protection information Pending CN112886578A (en)

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