CN112880074A - Active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control - Google Patents

Active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112880074A
CN112880074A CN202110033422.9A CN202110033422A CN112880074A CN 112880074 A CN112880074 A CN 112880074A CN 202110033422 A CN202110033422 A CN 202110033422A CN 112880074 A CN112880074 A CN 112880074A
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pcm
wall
solar
ventilation
air
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CN112880074B (en
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周跃宽
刘政轩
张国强
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Hunan University
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Hunan University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F5/0021—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using phase change material [PCM] for storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0015—Domestic hot-water supply systems using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/10—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors using latent heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/18—Domestic hot-water supply systems using recuperated or waste heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and an intelligent control strategy thereof. The system mainly comprises a solar ventilation wall system integrated with Phase Change Materials (PCM), a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold and hot mixing unit and the like. The PCM can effectively store natural cooling energy, can effectively reduce indoor temperature fluctuation by combining with an active PCM radiation inner wall system, and has good comfort performance and energy-saving potential. In addition, in order to ensure the indoor air quality, the system can also provide fresh air for the room in a mixed ventilation mode. The system combines the active cooling technology and the phase change energy storage technology to be beneficial to the heat dissipation of the solar cell, the power generation efficiency is improved, the PCM can collect waste heat generated by the cell for users to use, the output current of the cell can be stabilized, and the service life of the photovoltaic system is prolonged. In addition, the electric energy generated by the system can be stored by the storage battery, and a stable power supply is provided for the equipment operation of the whole system, so that the zero-energy-consumption efficient operation of the system is really realized.

Description

Active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the fields of phase change energy storage, ventilation technology and solar photovoltaic photo-thermal application, and particularly relates to a novel building integrated system with phase change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and intelligent control.
Background
In recent years, with the increase of population and the improvement of indoor thermal comfort requirement, the new technology of renewable energy utilization has been paid high attention to the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis caused by the traditional non-renewable energy sources. In the past decades, the utilization of renewable energy has been increasing due to the continuous development of energy saving technology for buildings, and different energy sources, such as solar energy, as well as diversified energy conversion and advanced energy storage technology, have been studied by scientists around the world. However, solar technology is ubiquitous with intermittency and instability in both temporal and spatial distribution. Therefore, how to efficiently utilize renewable energy such as solar energy has become a problem to be solved in the industry.
Because the semiconductor material releases electrons after absorbing photons in sunlight, the photovoltaic cell can directly convert solar radiation into electric energy for building energy management. However, the photovoltaic efficiency is inversely related to the solar cell temperature, and the photovoltaic efficiency will drop by 0.4% for every 1 ℃ increase in the solar cell temperature. Much of the solar radiation that penetrates the photovoltaic panel is discarded in the form of waste heat, resulting in an increase in the temperature of the solar cells resulting in a decrease in photovoltaic efficiency. In order to solve the overheating problem of solar cells and to improve the energy performance of photovoltaic systems, several technical solutions have been studied in the literature, such as photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) systems and Thermoelectric (TE) technologies. Technical solutions to improve the energy performance of PV/T systems have mainly focused on structural design and operational control. If researchers have proposed a structural design for a photovoltaic power generation system integrated with a roof, from their results, photovoltaic efficiency can be improved to 15% by providing uniform cooling to the cooled photovoltaic system. In addition, ventilation solutions may also be used to mitigate extreme solar cell temperatures. For example, some researchers have investigated the effects of air gap size and forced ventilation on cell temperature and electrical efficiency of photovoltaic modules. According to their results, the output power can be increased by more than 19% when the natural draft flow is increased from 0.5 to 6 m/s. With regard to active cooling technology, many studies are currently focused on cooling media, and compared with air-based photovoltaic cooling systems, water-based photovoltaic cooling systems have effectively improved electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency, and have better energy performance. To reduce the extreme temperatures of solar cells, PCMs may be passively or actively integrated with solar cells due to their large energy storage density. In addition, the PCM may also collect waste heat generated by the solar cells to compensate for intermittent use of household solar energy. From the existing data, active cooling water, ventilation cooling and combination with phase change energy storage technology to improve the efficiency and utilization rate of solar photovoltaic are rarely considered by previous researchers.
The solar ventilation wall and the PCM wall body are used for adjusting the fluctuation of the indoor temperature, and the optimization analysis is carried out on the related structure and the operation strategy, so that the solar ventilation wall and the PCM wall body have the advantages of good energy-saving effect, good comfort performance and great application potential. However, the layered phase change material arrangement for improving the efficiency of the solar ventilation wall and the integration application with the active cooling radiation inner wall system has not been related by researchers, and the combination mode of mixed ventilation and radiation cooling is not considered. Furthermore, there is no mention in the literature of the integration of active photovoltaic cooling systems with PCM solar ventilation walls and radiant cooling interior walls involving different forms of energy, different energy conversion and thermal energy storage.
Aiming at the technical challenge, the invention provides a novel building integrated hybrid power system based on phase-change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling, and provides a technical solution and an intelligent control mode for improving energy performance. The proposed system integrates solar hybrid ventilation, active photovoltaic cooling, photovoltaic power generation, photo-thermal development, radiative cooling, and efficient utilization of PCM systematically. The PCM external wall panel can effectively store natural cooling energy sources such as convection heat exchange of outdoor air and night radiation cooling of the sky and the ground, and the PCM wall panel combined with the active cooling water system can provide radiation cooling, effectively reduce the fluctuation range of indoor temperature, reduce local heat discomfort and have good energy-saving potential. In addition, in order to ensure the quality of indoor air, fresh air can be provided for indoor residents in a mixed ventilation mode. The water-based active cooling technology and the phase change energy storage technology are combined, the photovoltaic power generation efficiency is improved, and the PCM layer can be designed to increase the heat transfer area so as to facilitate the heat dissipation of the solar cell. The waste heat generated by the solar cell will be collected by the PCM and then extracted by the active cooling water for domestic use, which will take full advantage of the PCM's large thermal density characteristics to compensate for the intermittency of solar energy. In addition, the integration of the PCM-based heat reservoir can stabilize the output current of the solar cell, reduce the temperature of the solar cell, and improve the efficiency of the solar cell. The electric quantity generated by the solar photovoltaic system can provide power for the operation of equipment in the whole system, and redundant electric quantity can be stored by the storage battery to be used by a user at other times. In addition, the provided integrated system can provide enough heat and fresh air indoors in winter, so that the indoor thermal environment is effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a building integrated system based on phase change energy storage active cooling, solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and intelligent control, aiming at overcoming the problems in the application of the traditional phase change energy storage wall, hybrid ventilation, solar photovoltaic photo-thermal technology and the coupling system thereof.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the integrated system is mainly composed of a PCM-integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold-hot mixing unit and the like. The integrated PCM solar ventilation wall system comprises a glass cover, a wall air duct cavity, an external multilayer PCM unit, an automatic roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating, an air inlet and an air outlet, a high-heat-absorption layer coating, an insulating layer and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system comprises a glass cover, a solar cell module, a solar cell bottom plate, a roof PCM module, an active cooling water pipe, a roof air duct cavity, a heat insulation layer, an air inlet, an air outlet, a ceiling and the like; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cooling and heating system comprises a wall surface body, a heat insulation layer, a PCM wall plate, an air port, an active cooling water pipe and the like; the operation and start-stop of the integrated system under different modes are controlled by intelligent systems such as a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor, switch controllers of all subunits and the like.
The upper port of the wall air duct cavity is connected with the solar photovoltaic roof air duct cavity, and a silent fan is arranged in the cavity so as to drive air in the cavity to flow; and the glass cover corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity and the wall are respectively provided with an air port and a corresponding air valve.
The electric roller shutter equipment with the high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the wall ventilation cavity, and the problem of overheating of the environment in the cavity in the daytime is solved by shading; the electric roller shutter with the high-reflection coating layer reflects solar radiation in the daytime and does not influence the cold accumulation effect at night.
The inner part of the wall ventilation cavity body is provided with three PCM units with different temperatures attached to the wall end, the temperature stratification of air in the cavity is mainly realized, and the floating force caused by the temperature difference can drive the air flow in the cavity to flow; the PCM is inorganic water and CaCl salt with better economical efficiency2·6H2O, the phase transition temperatures corresponding to the PCM units from bottom to top are respectively 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃; the PCM unit is packaged by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 6-8 mm, fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container, the distance between the fins is 15-20 mm, the thickness of the fins is 1-2 mm, and the height of the fins is 3-5 mm, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the phase change material is further improved.
The PCM packaging container is coated with the coating of the high absorption layer, so that more sky radiation cold energy is absorbed at night and more solar radiation is absorbed under the condition of winter heating.
The heat insulation plate is arranged between the PCM of the outer wall and the wall body, so that the transfer of cold and heat between the indoor space and the outdoor space is avoided, the indoor thermal environment is more controllable, and the material plate of the heat insulation layer is made of polyurethane and has the thickness of 50 mm.
The bottom plate of the solar photovoltaic cell is closely attached to the PCM module of the roof, and the PCM module is internally provided with an active cooling water pipe, so that the temperature rise of the solar photovoltaic cell can be effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell is improved; the cooling water pipe can be connected with a domestic hot water system of a user, and can also supply heat to the indoor environment in winter.
The roof PCM module is integrally manufactured by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 8mm-10mm, a groove and a chuck are arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy container, the radian of the groove is consistent with the pipe diameter of the active cold water pipe, the groove and the active cold water pipe are tightly combined, and fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container.
The roof ventilation cavity is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and electric air valves corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air inlet can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; a polyurethane heat-insulating material plate with the thickness of 50mm is arranged at the lower part of the cavity; the heat insulation board is tightly attached to the indoor ceiling, so that the loss of indoor cold and heat and the influence of the external environment on the indoor environment are reduced.
The PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy phase change energy storage module and an active cold and hot water pipe, and the PCM adopted by the phase change energy storage module is inorganic water and CaCl2·6H2O, the active cold and hot water pipe is wrapped in the PCM module and is connected with the solar photovoltaic active cold water pipe and other cold source systems through different pipe networks, so that the effects of indoor radiation refrigeration in summer and radiation heating in winter can be realized; the PCM wall body module can reduce indoor temperature fluctuation and improve indoor thermal comfort.
The outer wall body has good heat insulation performance, the density and the thickness of the outer wall body meet the heat insulation requirements of a used area, and the influence of temperature change on an indoor thermal environment is reduced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention organically combines a Terambry wall body based on phase change energy storage, a ventilation roof cavity, solar photovoltaic photo-thermal and active cold water pipe network wall body radiation system. In summer, the PCM outside the Terambry wall can store the cold energy at night, the cold energy is brought into the room in a mechanical ventilation mode, and meanwhile, fresh air can be provided for the room; the cooled fresh air is combined with the active cold water pipe network inner wall system to actively reduce the indoor temperature in a radiation and convection mode, and the phase change wall body can reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature at the same time, so that the comfort level of the indoor environment is improved. In addition, PCM and active cold water piping network combination are applied to can effectual reduction panel's temperature in the solar photovoltaic system to improve solar cell's generating efficiency, the cooling water after the heat transfer can be regarded as user's life hot water after being heated. In winter, the cavity of the Terambry wall and the ventilation roof can absorb heat of solar energy to form a chimney effect to heat air in the cavity so as to convey fresh hot air indoors, and the layered PCM design in the Terambry wall can not only more effectively utilize the solar energy, but also form a larger temperature difference in the height direction to further enhance the chimney effect, thereby reducing the use of devices such as fans and the like. One part of electricity generated by the solar cell can be used for driving power supply equipment in the system, and the other part of electricity can be stored by the storage battery and used by a user at other time, so that zero-energy-consumption operation of the system is really realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view of a phase change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation, photovoltaic coupled building integrated system;
wherein: 1-inner wall active capillary network; 2-air inlet of inner wall; 3-inner wall PCM energy storage plate; 4-inner wall body 1; 5, insulating layer of wall; 6-inner wall body 2; 7-roof ceiling; 8-a heat-insulating material layer; 9-roof cavity; 10-a roof active capillary network; 11-roof PCM energy storage panels; 12-solar cell backplane; 13-roof air intake valve; 14-roof ejection air valve; 15-solar photovoltaic glass; 16-solar cell module; 17-solar cell module cavity; 18-air inlet of solar roof cavity; 19-a silent fan; 20-a torobo wall air inlet air valve; 21-an electric roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating; 22-trengbo wall top PCM; 23-a Terenbo wall medium wind port air valve; 24-Telnberg wall middle PCM; 25-high heat absorption coating layer; 26-Telnberg wall glass cavity; 27-Ternberg wall lower PCM; 28-Telnberg wall glass cavity; 29-inner wall air inlet valve; 30-a Terenbo wall lower air port air valve; 31-a trengbo wall exterior wall module; 32-measuring point of temperature in the cavity; 33-solar radiation measuring point; 34-indoor temperature measurement.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the operation conditions of the integrated system during cooling of the wall and roof cavities in summer and daytime.
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operation conditions of the integrated system during the cooling of fresh air in summer at night and the heating of fresh air in winter.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the operation condition of the integrated system during the summer circulation cooling and the winter circulation heating.
FIG. 5 shows the operation control logic of the integrated system in different modes in summer.
Fig. 6 shows the operation control logic of the integrated system in different modes in winter.
Detailed Description
The integrated system based on phase change energy storage active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling and the intelligent control method thereof are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
With reference to the attached figure 1:
the integrated system is mainly composed of a PCM-integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold-hot mixing unit and the like. The integrated PCM solar ventilating wall system comprises a glass cover 26, a wall air duct cavity 28, external multilayer PCM units (22, 24 and 27), an automatic roller shutter 21 coated with a high-reflection coating, air inlets and air outlets (20, 23, 29 and 30), high-heat-absorption-layer paint 25, an insulating layer 5 and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system comprises a glass cover 15, a solar cell module 16, a solar cell bottom plate 18, a roof PCM module 11, an active cooling water pipe 10, a roof air duct cavity 9, a heat insulation layer 8, air inlets and air outlets (13 and 14), a ceiling 7 and the like; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cooling and heating system comprises wall surface bodies (4 and 6), a heat preservation layer 5, a PCM wallboard 3, an air port, an active cooling water pipe 1 and the like; the operation and start-stop of the integrated system under different modes are controlled by intelligent systems such as temperature and humidity sensors (32, 34), a light sensor 33, switch controllers of all subunits and the like.
The upper end opening of the wall air duct cavity 28 is connected with the solar photovoltaic roof air duct cavity 9, and a silent fan 19 is arranged in the cavity so as to drive the air in the cavity to flow; the glass cover 26 and the wall body corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity 28 are respectively provided with an air port and a corresponding air valve.
An electric roller shutter device 21 with a high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the wall ventilation cavity, and the problem of overheating of the environment in the cavity in the daytime is solved by shading; the electric roller shutter 21 with the high-reflection coating layer reflects solar radiation in the daytime and does not influence the effect of cold accumulation at night.
Three PCM units (22, 24 and 27) with different temperatures are arranged at the end, attached to the wall, of the wall ventilation cavity 28, and the PCM units are mainly used for enabling air in the cavity to form temperature stratification, and floating force caused by temperature difference can drive air flow in the cavity to flow; the PCM is inorganic water and CaCl salt with better economical efficiency2·6H2O, the phase transition temperatures corresponding to the PCM units from bottom to top are respectively 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃; the PCM unit is packaged by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 6-8 mm, fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container, the distance between the fins is 15-20 mm, the thickness of the fins is 1-2 mm, and the height of the fins is 3-5 mm, so that the heat exchange efficiency of the phase change material is further improved.
The PCM unit (22, 24, 27) packaging container is coated with a high-absorption layer of paint 25, so that more sky radiation cold energy is absorbed in the night and more solar radiation is absorbed in the winter heating condition.
The heat insulation plate 5 is arranged between the PCM (22, 24 and 27) of the outer wall and the wall body (4 and 6), so that the transfer of cold and heat between the indoor space and the outdoor space is avoided, the indoor thermal environment is more controllable, the heat insulation plate 5 is made of polyurethane, and the thickness of the heat insulation plate is 50 mm.
The solar photovoltaic cell bottom plate 18 is closely attached to the roof PCM module 11, and the PCM module 11 is internally provided with the active cooling water pipe 10, so that the temperature rise of the solar photovoltaic cell 16 can be effectively reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell is improved; the cooling water pipe 10 can be connected with a domestic hot water system of a user, and can also supply heat to the indoor environment in winter.
The roof PCM module 11 is integrally manufactured by an aluminum alloy container with the thickness of 8mm-10mm, a groove and a chuck are arranged on the surface of the aluminum alloy container, the radian of the groove is consistent with the diameter of the active cold water pipe, the groove and the active cold water pipe are tightly combined, and fins are arranged inside the aluminum alloy container.
The roof ventilation cavity 9 is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and electric air valves (13, 14) corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air valves can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; a polyurethane heat-insulating material plate 8 with the thickness of 50mm is arranged at the lower part of the roof ventilation cavity 9; the heat insulation material plate 8 is tightly attached to the indoor ceiling 7, so that the loss of indoor cold and heat and the influence of the external environment on the indoor environment are reduced.
The PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy phase change energy storage module 3 and an active cold and hot water pipe 1, and the PCM adopted by the phase change energy storage module 3 is inorganic water and CaCl2·6H2O, the active cold and hot water pipe 1 is wrapped in the PCM module 3, and the cold and hot water pipe 1 is connected with the solar photovoltaic active cold water pipe and other cold source systems through different pipe networks, so that the effects of indoor radiation refrigeration in summer and radiation heating in winter can be realized; the PCM wall body module can reduce indoor temperature fluctuation and improve indoor thermal comfort.
Based on the structural characteristics, the invention can realize the aims of energy conservation and comfort to the greatest extent in summer and winter. With reference to fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the embodiment of the present invention includes:
1) example 1:
during the summer day, when the air temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is larger than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the condition that the air in the cavity is not suitable for being delivered to the indoor is indicated. The silent blower 19 is turned off, the dampers 13, 29 are closed, and the dampers 14, 20, 23, 30 are opened. When the solar radiation measuring point 33 is higher than the standard set value, in order to reduce further heating of outdoor solar radiation to the gas in the wall cavity 28, the high-reflection layer automatic roller shutter 21 is closed, so that direct irradiation of the solar radiation to the phase change energy storage modules (22, 24 and 27) can be avoided, and redundant solar radiation is returned to the outdoor to weaken the heating effect of the phase change energy storage modules. The air in the wall cavity 28 and the roof cavity 9 is exhausted to the outside through the draught effect, so that the influence of the heated air in the cavities on the indoor environment and the solar photovoltaic system is reduced.
When indoor temperature can not satisfy the comfortable demand of heat, need open indoor active capillary network radiation system, cooling water pipe 1 sends cold volume to PCM module 3, and during partly cold volume was stored to PCM, another part cold volume passed through PCM module 3 with the mode transmission of cold radiation indoor, when reducing indoor temperature, can also reduce the fluctuation of indoor temperature, improve indoor environment thermal comfort.
In order to avoid the overhigh temperature of the solar photovoltaic cell module 16 and the need of starting the active cooling water circulation system when the solar radiation is high, the active cooling water pipe 10 transmits the cooling energy to the PCM module 11, and the cooling energy is transmitted to the solar cell module 16 through the solar cell bottom plate 18, so that the power generation efficiency of the solar photovoltaic cell module is improved, and the cooling water can be used as the heat source of the domestic hot water of a user or other heating equipment after being circularly heated. The electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell module 16 can be used by all the power-requiring devices of the integrated system, and the redundant electric energy can be stored by the storage battery and used by the user at other times.
2) Example 2:
in summer and at night, when the air temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is smaller than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the air in the cavity can provide a cold source indoors and can provide enough fresh air. At this time, the silent fan 19 is turned on, the dampers 14, 20, 23, 29 are closed, the dampers 13, 30 are opened, and the high reflection layer automatic rolling shutter 21 is closed. Air with lower temperature outdoors at night enters the wall cavity 28 through the air valve 30 under the driving of the silent fan 19, a part of air with lower temperature enters the indoor through the air valve 13, and the other part of cold is stored in the wall cavity PCM module (22, 24, 27) and the roof cavity PCM module 11.
When the outdoor environment temperature is increased and the air temperature is difficult to meet the requirement of the air supply temperature, the PCM modules (22, 24 and 27) of the wall cavity and the PCM module 11 of the roof cavity can effectively release cold, thereby further reducing the indoor temperature. At the moment, the air valves 14, 20, 23 and 30 are closed, the air valves 13 and 29 are opened, the automatic roller shutters 21 of the high-reflection layer are closed, indoor air enters the wall cavity 28 through the air outlet 2, exchanges heat with the wall cavity PCM modules (22, 24 and 27) and the roof cavity PCM module 11 in sequence, enters the room through the air valves 13, and flows through multiple cycles, so that after the cold energy in the wall cavity PCM modules (22, 24 and 27) and the roof cavity PCM module 11 is fully released, namely when the temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is higher than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the air valves 13 are closed. When the indoor temperature can not satisfy the thermal comfort requirement, an indoor active capillary network radiation system needs to be opened, so that the indoor temperature is further reduced, and the thermal comfort of the indoor environment is improved.
3) Example 3:
during daytime in winter, when the solar radiation measuring point 33 is higher than a winter standard set value, the solar radiation heats the air in the wall cavity 28, when the air temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is higher than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the air valves 14, 20, 23 and 30 are closed, the air valves 13 and 29 are opened, the high-reflection layer automatic roller shutter 21 is closed, and the outdoor cold air is heated in the wall cavity 28 and the roof cavity 9 and then is sent into the room through the air valve 13 under the action of the hot-pressing air-drawing effect in the cavity, so that the requirements of indoor fresh air and heat comfort are met. At the same time, excess heat is stored in the wall cavity PCM modules (22, 24, 27) and the roof cavity PCM module 11.
When outdoor solar radiation is insufficient and the air temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is still higher than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the air valves 14, 20, 23 and 30 are closed, 13 and 29 are opened, the high-reflection layer automatic roller shutter 21 is closed, indoor air enters the wall cavity 28 through the air opening 2 and the air valve 29, under the action of the hot-pressing air-drawing effect, the circularly flowing air exchanges heat with the wall cavity PCM modules (22, 24 and 27) and the roof cavity PCM module 11, heat released by the PCM heats flowing air, and the heated air enters the room through the air valve 13, so that certain heat is provided for the room. When the air temperature measuring point 32 in the wall cavity 28 is lower than the indoor temperature measuring point 34, the air valve 13 is closed.
And when the solar radiation meets a set value, the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal system is started. Wherein solar photo-thermal system can produce hot water, and the hot water of production partly is as life hot water, and indoor active capillary water pipe 1 can be carried to another part, and capillary water pipe 1 gives PCM module 3 heat transfer, and during partly heat storage arrived PCM, another part heat passes through PCM module 3 indoor with the mode transfer of heat radiation, when promoting indoor temperature, can also reduce indoor temperature's fluctuation, improves indoor environment thermal comfort. Meanwhile, the electric energy generated by the solar photovoltaic cell module 16 can be used by all the power-requiring devices of the integrated system, and the redundant electric energy can be stored by the storage battery and used by users at other times, so that the zero-energy-consumption operation of the proposed integrated system is really realized.
The foregoing description of the words and drawings merely illustrate the structure of certain embodiments of typical examples of this invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto.

Claims (5)

1. Active cooling and solar energy mixed ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system based on phase change energy storage and intelligent control strategy, wherein the system mainly comprises a PCM integrated solar ventilation wall system, a photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system, a radiation inner wall cold and hot mixing unit and the like. The integrated PCM solar ventilation wall system comprises a glass cover, an air duct cavity, an external multilayer PCM unit, an automatic roller shutter coated with a high-reflection coating, an air inlet and an air outlet, high-heat-absorption-layer coating, an insulating layer and the like; the integrated PCM photovoltaic/thermal ventilation system comprises a glass cover, a solar cell module, a phase-change material layer, an active cooling water pipe, a ventilation cavity, a heat insulation layer, an air inlet, an air outlet, a ceiling and the like; the integrated PCM radiation inner wall cooling and heating system comprises a wall surface body, a heat insulation layer, a PCM wall plate, an air port, an active cooling water pipe and the like; the operation and start-stop of the integrated system under different modes are controlled by intelligent systems such as a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor, switch controllers of all subunits and the like.
2. The phase-change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the upper port of the wall air duct cavity is connected with the solar photovoltaic roof air duct cavity, a silent fan is arranged in the cavity, and an air port and a corresponding air valve are respectively arranged on the glass cover corresponding to the lower end of the wall air duct cavity and the wall; automatic curtain rolling equipment with a high-reflection coating layer is arranged in the wall ventilation cavity; the inner part of the wall ventilation cavity body is attached to the wall end and provided with three PCM units with different temperatures, and the PCM packaging container is coated with paint of a high absorption layer.
3. The active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control method based on phase change energy storage of claim 1, wherein: the solar photovoltaic cell bottom plate is closely attached to the roof PCM module, and an active cooling water pipe is arranged in the PCM module; the cooling water pipe can be connected with domestic hot water or other heating systems of users; the roof ventilation cavity is provided with an air inlet, an air outlet and electric air valves corresponding to the air inlet and the air outlet, and the air inlet can be opened and closed according to different operation modes; the lower part of the cavity is provided with a polyurethane heat-insulating material plate with the thickness of 50mm, and the heat-insulating material plate is tightly attached to an indoor ceiling.
4. The phase-change energy storage based active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy of claim 1, wherein: the PCM radiation inner wall cold and hot system is formed by coupling an aluminum alloy phase change energy storage module and an active cold and hot water pipe, the active cold and hot water pipe is wrapped in the PCM module, and the cold and hot water pipe is connected with a solar photovoltaic active cold water pipe and other cold and hot source systems through different pipe networks.
5. The active cooling and solar hybrid ventilation and photovoltaic coupling integrated system and intelligent control strategy based on phase change energy storage of claim 1, the intelligent system control operation strategy of the invention comprises: in summer, the PCM outside the Terambry wall can store the cold energy at night, the cold energy is brought into the room in a mechanical ventilation mode, and meanwhile, fresh air can be provided for the room; the cooled fresh air is combined with an active cold water pipe network inner wall system, the indoor temperature is actively reduced in a radiation and convection mode, and the phase change wall body can reduce the fluctuation of the indoor temperature, so that the comfort level of the indoor environment is improved; in addition, the PCM and the active cold water pipe network are combined and applied to a solar photovoltaic system, so that the temperature of the battery panel can be effectively reduced, the power generation efficiency of the solar battery is improved, and the cooling water after heat exchange can be used as domestic hot water or other equipment of a user to provide a heat source after being heated; in winter, the cavity of the Terambry wall and the ventilation roof can absorb heat of solar energy to form a chimney effect to heat air in the cavity so as to convey fresh hot air indoors, and the layered PCM design in the Terambry wall can not only more effectively utilize the solar energy, but also form a larger temperature difference in the height direction so as to further enhance the chimney effect, thereby reducing the use of devices such as a fan and the like; one part of electricity generated by the solar cell can be used for driving power supply equipment in the system, and the other part of electricity can be stored by the storage battery and used by a user at other time, so that zero-energy-consumption operation of the system is really realized.
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