CN112877557A - Melting and die-casting process for high-silicon aluminum alloy material - Google Patents
Melting and die-casting process for high-silicon aluminum alloy material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112877557A CN112877557A CN202110343803.7A CN202110343803A CN112877557A CN 112877557 A CN112877557 A CN 112877557A CN 202110343803 A CN202110343803 A CN 202110343803A CN 112877557 A CN112877557 A CN 112877557A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention provides a melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material, which belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials and comprises modification treatment, refining treatment, solid solution treatment and aging treatment, wherein modification treatment is carried out by adding a modifier into a melt, and the modifier comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0-5.0% of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3.0-3.5% of strontium, 0.1-0.5% of erbium, 0.1-0.25% of lithium and the balance of aluminum, wherein the addition amount of the alterant is 0.5-0.6% of the mass of the melt; the invention takes sodium hexametaphosphate as a phosphorus source, wherein phosphorus can react with aluminum to form a large number of AlP nucleation particles which are distributed in a dispersed manner, so that the refinement of eutectic silicon particles is promoted, strontium, erbium and lithium can be adsorbed and dissolved on silicon phase atoms in a solid solution manner, the symbiotic growth mode of silicon phases is changed, the silicon crystal particles are refined, the silicon crystal particles are uniformly distributed in an aluminum matrix, the silicon phase growth is inhibited at the same time, and the mechanical property of a die casting piece is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy materials, in particular to a melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material.
Background
The high-silicon aluminum alloy is a casting alloy which takes aluminum and silicon as main components, generally contains 11 percent of silicon and a small amount of copper, iron, nickel and the like so as to improve the strength; the high-silicon aluminum alloy has the characteristics of good fluidity, no hot cracking tendency and small linear shrinkage, has higher specific strength and better casting performance, and is widely applied to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobile construction and the like; the main application of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is as follows: 1. in the aluminum-silicon alloy with silicon content exceeding Al-Si eutectic point (silicon is 11.7%), silicon particles can obviously improve the wear resistance of the alloy, and the wear-resistant alloy with wide application range is formed. 2. The brazing filler metal is used for manufacturing low-medium-strength castings with complex shapes, such as cover plates, motor shells, brackets and the like, and is also used as brazing filler metal. 3. The Al-Si alloy is a strong composite deoxidant, and can replace pure Al in steel-smelting process to raise the utilization rate of deoxidant, purify molten steel and raise steel quality. The ingot deoxidized by aluminum is generally called as killed steel, and because aluminum is oxidized into aluminum oxide after being deoxidized and the aluminum oxide can refine austenite grains, the aluminum deoxidized steel has better comprehensive mechanical property.
Generally, as the silicon content of the alloy increases, the wear resistance and castability of the alloy are further improved. However, in the cast high-silicon aluminum alloy which is not subjected to modification treatment, the primary silicon and the eutectic silicon phases are distributed in the aluminum matrix in a coarse block shape and a sheet needle shape, and stress concentration is very easily caused at the positions in the stress process, so that the strength and the plasticity of the alloy are remarkably reduced, and the processing performance of the material is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a melting and die-casting process for a high-silicon aluminum alloy material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an industrial pure aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy as alloy raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to a ratio, and putting the weighed raw materials into a preheating furnace to be heated so as to completely remove moisture;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding the preheated intermediate alloy, continuing to heat to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding a covering agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the melt, adding a modifier accounting for 0.5-0.6% of the mass of the melt, adding a refiner accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the melt, and fully melting to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the alterant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0-5.0% of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3.0-3.5% of strontium, 0.1-0.5% of erbium, 0.1-0.25% of lithium and the balance of aluminum;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding a refining agent to refine the alloy melt and degas, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, refining for 20-30min again, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 20-30min to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, cooling the temperature of the refined alloy melt to 700 ℃, die-casting and forming, heating the die casting piece, quenching water, carrying out solid solution treatment, and carrying out aging treatment.
Preferably, the covering agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the potassium chloride is 1: 1.
Preferably, the strontium, erbium and lithium in the alterant are added in elemental form or form a master alloy with aluminum.
Preferably, the refiner is Al-5Ti-B master alloy.
Preferably, the refining agent is one or two of hexachloroethane, argon, chlorine and freon, and the refining temperature is 750-800 ℃.
Preferably, the die-casting molding is to preheat a die cavity to 200-230 ℃, then mold filling is carried out on the refined alloy melt, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and pressure relief and demolding are carried out.
Preferably, the solution treatment conditions are: the heating temperature is 535 and 540 ℃, and the solid solution time is 4-8 h.
Preferably, the aging system of the aging treatment is 165 ℃ multiplied by 10 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, sodium hexametaphosphate is used as a phosphorus source, wherein phosphorus can react with aluminum to form a large number of AlP nucleation particles which are distributed in a dispersed manner, and due to the metamorphism of the AlP heterogeneous nucleation particles, the nucleation of an alloy primary silicon phase is improved, and the refinement of eutectic silicon particles is promoted; strontium, erbium and lithium can be adsorbed and dissolved on silicon phase atoms in a solid manner, the intergrowth growth mode of a silicon phase is changed, silicon crystal grains are refined, the silicon crystal grains are uniformly distributed in an aluminum matrix, and the growth of the silicon phase is inhibited, so that the mechanical property of a die casting is obviously improved; the covering agent plays a role in protecting the melt and preventing the high-temperature oxidation of the aluminum melt.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
A melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an industrial pure aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy as alloy raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to a ratio, and putting the weighed raw materials into a preheating furnace to be heated so as to completely remove moisture;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the preheated intermediate alloy, continuing to heat to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding a covering agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the melt, adding a modifier accounting for 0.54% of the mass of the melt, adding an Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy accounting for 0.12% of the mass of the melt as a refiner, and fully melting to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the alterant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.2 percent of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3.2 percent of strontium, 0.4 percent of erbium, 0.15 percent of lithium and the balance of aluminum, wherein the strontium, the erbium and the lithium are added in a form of forming an intermediate alloy with the aluminum and are mixed with aluminum ingot and the sodium hexametaphosphate to form a modifier; the covering agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the potassium chloride is 1: 1;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine the alloy melt and degas, wherein the refining temperature is 750-800 ℃, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, refining for 20-30min again, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 20-30min to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, cooling the temperature of the refined alloy melt to 700 ℃, performing die-casting forming, heating a die casting, quenching, performing solid solution treatment, and performing aging treatment; the solution treatment conditions are as follows: the heating temperature is 535 and 540 ℃, and the solid solution time is 4-8 h; the aging system of the aging treatment is 165 ℃ multiplied by 10 h.
The die-casting molding is specifically that a die cavity is preheated to 200-230 ℃, then the refined alloy melt is used for mold filling, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and the pressure is released and the mold is demolded.
Example 2
A melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an industrial pure aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy as alloy raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to a ratio, and putting the weighed raw materials into a preheating furnace to be heated so as to completely remove moisture;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding the preheated intermediate alloy, continuing to heat to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding a covering agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the melt, adding a modifier accounting for 0.6% of the mass of the melt, adding an Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy accounting for 0.18% of the mass of the melt as a refiner, and fully melting to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the alterant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.5 percent of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3.2 percent of strontium, 0.2 percent of erbium, 0.2 percent of lithium and the balance of aluminum, wherein the strontium, the erbium and the lithium are added in a form of forming an intermediate alloy with the aluminum and are mixed with aluminum ingot and the sodium hexametaphosphate to form a modifier; the covering agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the potassium chloride is 1: 1;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine the alloy melt and degas, wherein the refining temperature is 750-800 ℃, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, refining for 20-30min again, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 20-30min to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, cooling the temperature of the refined alloy melt to 700 ℃, performing die-casting forming, heating a die casting, quenching, performing solid solution treatment, and performing aging treatment; the solution treatment conditions are as follows: the heating temperature is 535 and 540 ℃, and the solid solution time is 4-8 h; the aging system of the aging treatment is 165 ℃ multiplied by 10 h.
The die-casting molding is specifically that a die cavity is preheated to 200-230 ℃, then the refined alloy melt is used for mold filling, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and the pressure is released and the mold is demolded.
Example 3
A melting and die-casting process of a high-silicon aluminum alloy material comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting an industrial pure aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy as alloy raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, putting the weighed raw materials into a preheating furnace to be heated to completely remove moisture in the same way as in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding the preheated intermediate alloy, continuing to heat to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw materials, adding a covering agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the melt, adding a modifier accounting for 0.54% of the mass of the melt, adding an Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy accounting for 0.12% of the mass of the melt as a refiner, and fully melting to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the alterant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.26% of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum, wherein the phosphorus is added in a form of forming an intermediate alloy with the aluminum; the covering agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the potassium chloride is 1: 1;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding hexachloroethane to refine the alloy melt and degas, wherein the refining temperature is 750-800 ℃, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, refining for 20-30min again, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 20-30min to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, cooling the temperature of the refined alloy melt to 700 ℃, performing die-casting forming, heating a die casting, quenching, performing solid solution treatment, and performing aging treatment; the solution treatment conditions are as follows: the heating temperature is 535 and 540 ℃, and the solid solution time is 4-8 h; the aging system of the aging treatment is 165 ℃ multiplied by 10 h.
The die-casting molding is specifically that a die cavity is preheated to 200-230 ℃, then the refined alloy melt is used for mold filling, the initial mold filling flow rate is 0.25-0.30m/s, after the mold filling rate exceeds 60%, the mold filling flow rate is 1.7-2.0m/s, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and the pressure is released and the mold is demolded.
Mechanical properties were measured on the aluminium alloys described in examples 1 to 3, with the results shown in the following table:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Tensile strength/MPa | 219 | 212 | 132 |
| Elongation% | 4.01 | 3.92 | 1.02 |
| Brinell hardness | 89.8 | 88.9 | 62.1 |
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A melting and die-casting process for a high-silicon aluminum alloy material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting an industrial pure aluminum ingot and an intermediate alloy as alloy raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to a ratio, and putting the weighed raw materials into a preheating furnace to be heated so as to completely remove moisture;
s2, adding the pure aluminum ingot into a smelting furnace, heating to 750-780 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding the preheated intermediate alloy, continuing to heat to 780-800 ℃, stirring to completely melt the raw material, adding a covering agent accounting for 1% of the mass of the melt, adding a modifier accounting for 0.5-0.6% of the mass of the melt, adding a refiner accounting for 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the melt, and fully melting to obtain an alloy melt; wherein the alterant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.0-5.0% of sodium hexametaphosphate, 3.0-3.5% of strontium, 0.1-0.5% of erbium, 0.1-0.25% of lithium and the balance of aluminum;
s3, adjusting the temperature of the alloy melt to 750-780 ℃, adding a refining agent to refine the alloy melt and degas, removing oxidation impurities floating on the surface of the melt, refining for 20-30min again, and then keeping the temperature and standing for 20-30min to obtain a refined alloy melt;
s4, cooling the temperature of the refined alloy melt to 700 ℃, die-casting and forming, heating the die casting piece, quenching water, carrying out solid solution treatment, and carrying out aging treatment.
2. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the covering agent is a mixture of sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of the sodium chloride to the potassium chloride is 1: 1.
3. The melt die casting process of the high silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein strontium, erbium and lithium in the modifier are added in an elemental form or in a form of forming an intermediate alloy with aluminum.
4. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refiner is Al-5Ti-B intermediate alloy.
5. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the refining agent is one or two of hexachloroethane, argon, chlorine and freon, and the refining temperature is 750-.
6. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that the die-casting molding is specifically to preheat a die cavity to 200-230 ℃, then to fill the refined alloy melt with the initial filling flow rate of 0.25-0.30m/s and the filling flow rate of 1.7-2.0m/s after the filling rate exceeds 60%, the casting pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 100-110 s, and the die is released.
7. The melting and die-casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution treatment conditions are as follows: the heating temperature is 535 and 540 ℃, and the solid solution time is 4-8 h.
8. The melt die casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aging degree of the aging treatment is 165 ℃ for 10 h.
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| CN202110343803.7A CN112877557A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Melting and die-casting process for high-silicon aluminum alloy material |
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| CN202110343803.7A CN112877557A (en) | 2021-03-30 | 2021-03-30 | Melting and die-casting process for high-silicon aluminum alloy material |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116970831A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-31 | 四川航天职业技术学院(四川航天高级技工学校) | Refining method of high-silicon aluminum alloy |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116970831A (en) * | 2023-09-13 | 2023-10-31 | 四川航天职业技术学院(四川航天高级技工学校) | Refining method of high-silicon aluminum alloy |
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Application publication date: 20210601 |