CN108103369B - High-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si cast alloy comprises, by weight, 6.0-8.5% of Si, 0.65-1.5% of Mg, 0.25-0.75% of Mn, 0.08-0.25% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Be, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing raw materials according to the set components; (2) heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, and adding other raw materials into the aluminum melt; (3) adding a refining agent for refining treatment; adding a modifier for modification treatment; (4) removing slag after degassing, standing and casting into cast ingots; (5) solution treatment and aging treatment. The invention improves the content of Mg, promotes the precipitation of a strengthening phase MgSi, and improves the effect of precipitation strengthening; increasing the Mn content eliminates the negative effects of decomposition of eutectic Si particles and reduction of coarsening temperature due to increasing Mg content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials and metallurgy, and particularly relates to a high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Al-Si casting alloy has good casting process performance and air tightness, can be used for sand mold casting, metal mold casting and pressure casting, and is the most widely applied casting aluminum alloy in the current industry; they also have good mechanical and corrosion properties and can be used for various medium-load-bearing structural parts and accessories, as well as corrosion-resistant parts.
Adding Mg into the Al-Si binary alloy to form Al-Si-Mg series alloy, and combining Mg and Si to form Mg2Si phase can participate in the solid solution-precipitation strengthening of the alloy, so that the mechanical property of the alloy can be improved through heat treatment; for example, ZL101 and ZL101A, containing 0.25 to 0.45 wt% Mg, have significant precipitation strengthening effects; further increase of Mg content, e.g. ZL114A, to Mg content0.45-0.6 wt%, the mechanical property is obviously improved; according to the rule, the content of Mg is further increased, and more strengthening phase Mg can be formed2Si, thereby further improving the mechanical property of the alloy; in the Al — Si alloy, Mn is regarded as an impurity element; in the national standard GBT1173-2013 cast aluminum alloy, the limit of the content of Mn is 0.1 wt%; at present, the research on the aluminum-silicon alloy with high magnesium and high manganese content is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy and a preparation method thereof, which realize higher mechanical property than the existing hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy by introducing higher Mg and Mn into an aluminum-silicon alloy, simplify the process steps and reduce the production cost.
The components of the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si cast alloy comprise, by weight, 6.0-8.5% of Si, 0.65-1.5% of Mg0.25-0.75% of Mn, 0.08-0.25% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2% of Be, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein in the impurities, the total content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 1.0.
The preferable components of the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy comprise, by weight, 6.5-7.5% of Si, 0.8-1.25% of Mg0.35-0.55% of Mn, 0.1-0.25% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.1% of Be, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.5% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein: fe is less than or equal to 0.5 percent; the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The tensile strength of the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si cast alloy is 321-366 MPa, and the elongation is 5.2-5.9%.
The preparation method of the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy comprises the following steps:
1. preparing raw materials according to the set components; the raw materials are aluminum ingots, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots, manganese additives, titanium additives, zirconium additives, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloys, aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloys, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloys, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloys, aluminum-beryllium intermediate alloys, metal silicon or aluminum-silicon intermediate alloys; 2. heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 700-800 ℃, adding other raw materials into the aluminum melt, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after all the raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, wherein the temperature is controlled at 700-800 ℃;
3. adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.1-0.5% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
4, removing slag from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment after degassing, standing at 700-800 ℃ for 15-25 min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting to form a casting;
5. and carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the casting to prepare the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si alloy casting.
The refining agent is any refining agent with refining effect, such as RJ-1 refining agent, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.8% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt.
The degassing is carried out by introducing argon or nitrogen into the aluminum water by using a degassing machine, wherein the flow of the argon or the nitrogen is 0.2-0.3 m3/h。
The solution treatment is carried out by keeping the temperature at 520-560 ℃ for 3-30 hours, and then quenching and cooling.
The aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 150-200 ℃ for 3-30 hours and then air-cool.
In the method, when Cr and Be are added, an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-beryllium intermediate alloy are respectively selected.
In the method, when Mn, Ti and Zr are added, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy are respectively selected, or a manganese additive, a titanium additive and a zirconium additive are respectively selected.
In the method, Si is added, and metal silicon or aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy is selected.
In the method, the Sr alterant is added to ensure that the residual Sr content in the alloy is 0.01-0.05%.
Research shows that the mechanical property of the alloy cannot be obviously improved by simply further increasing the Mg content, probably because the decomposition and coarsening temperature of eutectic Si particles is reduced due to the increase of the Mg content; resulting in excessive coarsening of the eutectic Si particles during the solution treatment, fig. 1 shows the morphology of eutectic Si particles under the same solution conditions for two alloys with different Mg contents. Obviously, the eutectic Si of the high Mg content alloy is significantly coarse; the Mn content of the alloy is increased, the decomposition and coarsening temperature of the eutectic Si particles can be increased, and the coarsening of the eutectic Si particles is inhibited; FIG. 2 shows the metallographic structure of eutectic Si particles under the same solid solution conditions for two alloys with the same Mg content and different Mn contents; it can be seen that the Mn-free alloy has been overburnt, while the eutectic Si particles of the high Mn alloy have not been excessively coarsened; the addition of Mn is favorable for improving the solid solution temperature, thereby being favorable for improving the solid solution-precipitation strengthening effect.
The Al-Si series cast aluminum alloy provided by the invention has reasonable components, and the contents of alloy elements Mg and Mn are improved on the basis of taking Al-Si as a main component; increasing the Mg content promotes the strengthening phase Mg2Si is separated out, so that the precipitation strengthening effect is improved, and the aim of improving the mechanical property of the alloy is fulfilled; the content of Mn is increased, the decomposition and coarsening temperature of the eutectic Si particles is increased, and the coarsening of the eutectic Si particles is inhibited, so that the negative influence of the reduction of the decomposition and coarsening temperature of the eutectic Si particles caused by the increase of the content of Mg is reduced or even eliminated, and the precipitation strengthening effect of the high-Mg alloy can be fully exerted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of eutectic Si particles of Al-7Si alloys containing 0.5% and 1.5% of Mg, respectively, after being solutionized at 535 ℃ for 12 hours;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure of eutectic Si particles of Al-7Si-1.0Mg alloy with 0 and 0.5% manganese, respectively, after solutionizing at 555 ℃ for 12 hours;
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that those who do not specify specific conditions in the examples are performed according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by manufacturers; the reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below; the embodiment of the invention provides a high-magnesium high-manganese Al-Si cast alloy material, and the Al-Si cast alloy material and the preparation method thereof are explained in detail through the following specific embodiment; each example was prepared with 100kg of alloy; in the embodiment adopting the pre-alloyed aluminum ingot, because a simple algorithm is adopted and alloy elements added subsequently are added, the total amount of the alloy slightly exceeds 100kg, and finally the alloy components slightly deviate from the design components; but all within the tolerance allowed in commercial production.
The remelting aluminum ingot selected in the embodiment of the invention is Al99.70 in the national standard GB/T1196-2008 remelting aluminum ingot, and the aluminum content is not less than 99.70 wt%; or a pre-alloyed cast aluminum alloy ingot commonly used in the casting industry, such as 356Z.3 in the national standard GB/T8733-2016 cast aluminum alloy ingot, containing 6.5-7.5 wt% of Si, 0.3-0.4 wt% of Mg, 0.1-0.2 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.12 wt% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.05 wt% of Mn, and the balance of Al and other impurity elements.
In the degassing in the embodiment of the invention, argon is introduced into the added aluminum water by using a degassing machine, and the flow of the argon is 0.2-0.3 m3/h。
In the embodiment of the invention, the Sr alterant is added to ensure that the residual amount of Sr in the alloy is 0.01-0.05%, and the Sr alterant accounts for impurity components.
After modification treatment in the embodiment of the invention, Al-5Ti-B grain refiner is added or not added into the aluminum alloy melt to refine grains, and the addition amount is 0.1-0.2% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt.
Comparative example 1
Preparing an aluminum ingot and a magnesium ingot, wherein the aluminum ingot is an alloyed aluminum ingot 356 z.3; the raw materials are shown in the table 1, and the percentage is weight percentage;
TABLE 1
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 720 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 720 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.5 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
removing slag from the alloy melt after modification treatment, standing at 720 ℃ for 20min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into a casting;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the casting, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 540 ℃ for 6 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 160 ℃ for 6 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy;
the product is subjected to tensile property test, the tensile strength is 276MPa, and the elongation is 4.9%;
the product components are similar to those of ZL101A cast aluminum alloy, but the Mg content is greatly improved; according to the regulation of national standard GB/T1173-2013, the tensile strength of the ZL101A cast aluminum alloy is 265MPa, and the elongation is 4% in a T5 state; the Mg content is increased only by a single method in the comparative example, and the mechanical property of the alloy is not obviously improved.
Example 1
Preparing an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot and an 85 manganese agent (an aluminum alloy element additive containing 85% of Mn); the aluminum ingot is prealloyed aluminum ingot 356 z.3; the raw materials are shown in table 2, and the percentages are weight percentages;
TABLE 2
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 720 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot and a 85 manganese agent into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 720 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.5 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 720 ℃ for 20min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into cast ingots;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 540 ℃ for 6 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 160 ℃ for 6 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy; tensile strength is 341MPa, and elongation is 5.6%;
the contents of Mg and Mn in the high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy are greatly improved, and the mechanical property of the alloy is obviously improved.
Example 2
Preparing an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an 85 manganese agent (an aluminum alloy element additive containing 85% of Mn) and an Al-3Be intermediate alloy; the aluminum ingot is prealloyed aluminum ingot 356 z.3; the raw materials are shown in table 3, and the percentages are weight percentages;
TABLE 3
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 750 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot 85 manganese agent and an Al-3Be intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 750 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; adding Al-5Ti-B grain refiner into the alloy melt to refine grains, wherein the addition amount is 0.1 percent of the total weight of the alloy melt;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 750 ℃ for 15min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into cast ingots;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 560 ℃ for 13 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 200 ℃ for 3 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy; tensile strength 362MPa, elongation 5.2%;
in the embodiment, the contents of Mg and Mn are both greatly improved, and Be is added; the mechanical property of the alloy is further improved.
Example 3
Preparing an aluminum ingot, a magnesium ingot, an 85 manganese agent (an aluminum alloy element additive containing 85% of Mn) and an Al-10Zr intermediate alloy; the aluminum ingot is prealloyed aluminum ingot 356 z.3; the raw materials are shown in table 4, and the percentages are weight percentages;
TABLE 4
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 750 ℃, adding a magnesium ingot, a 85 manganese agent and an Al-10Zr intermediate alloy into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 730 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.7 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.2 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 730 ℃ for 20min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into cast ingots;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 540 ℃ for 20 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 180 ℃ for 10 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy; the tensile strength is 321MPa, and the elongation is 5.9%.
Example 4
Preparing aluminum ingots, metallic silicon, magnesium ingots, zinc ingots and 85 manganese agents (aluminum alloy element additives containing 85% of Mn); the aluminum ingot is prealloyed aluminum ingot 356 z.3; the raw materials are shown in table 5, and the percentages are weight percentages;
TABLE 5
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 720 ℃, adding a metallic silicon additive, a magnesium ingot, a zinc ingot and a 85 manganese agent into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 720 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.3 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 720 ℃ for 22min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into cast ingots;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 550 ℃ for 12 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 190 ℃ for 10 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy; tensile strength is 356MPa, and elongation is 5.7%.
Example 5
Preparing an aluminum ingot, an Al-30Si intermediate alloy, a magnesium ingot, an Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, an 85 titanium agent (an aluminum alloy element additive containing 85% of Ti) and an 85 manganese agent (an aluminum alloy element additive containing 85% of Mn); the aluminum ingot is pure aluminum ingot Al99.70; the raw materials are shown in table 6, and the percentages are weight percentages;
TABLE 6
Heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 780 ℃, adding an Al-30Si intermediate alloy, a magnesium ingot, an Al-10Cr intermediate alloy, an 85 titanium agent and an 85 manganese agent into the aluminum melt, stirring uniformly after all raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, and controlling the temperature at 780 ℃;
adding an RJ-1 refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; the adding amount of the refining agent is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.4 percent of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt; adding Al-5Ti-B grain refiner into the alloy melt to refine grains, wherein the addition amount is 0.2 percent of the total weight of the alloy melt;
removing gas from the alloy melt after modification, slagging off, standing at 780 ℃ for 18min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into cast ingots;
carrying out solid solution treatment and aging treatment on the cast ingot, wherein the solid solution treatment is to keep the temperature at 530 ℃ for 24 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 160 ℃ for 24 hours, then air-cool and prepare high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy; tensile strength 366MPa, and elongation 5.8%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si cast alloy is characterized by comprising 6.0-8.5 wt% of Si, 0.85-1.5 wt% of Mg0.25-0.75 wt% of Mn, 0.08-0.25 wt% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.2 wt% of Be, less than or equal to 0.5 wt% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.5 wt% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.5 wt% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities, wherein in the impurities, the total content of Fe is less than or equal to 0.5 wt% and the total content of other impurity elements is less than or equal to; the tensile strength is 321-366 MPa, and the elongation is 5.2-5.9%; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials according to the set components; the raw materials are aluminum ingots, metal manganese additives, metal titanium additives, metal zirconium additives, aluminum manganese alloys, aluminum titanium alloys, aluminum zirconium alloys, aluminum silicon alloys, aluminum chromium alloys and/or aluminum beryllium alloys;
(2) heating and melting an aluminum ingot to form an aluminum melt, controlling the temperature at 700-800 ℃, adding other raw materials into the aluminum melt, and uniformly stirring the raw materials after all the raw materials are melted to form an alloy melt, wherein the temperature is controlled at 700-800 ℃;
(3) adding a refining agent into the alloy melt for refining treatment; then adding an Al-10Sr alterant into the alloy melt for modification treatment, wherein the addition amount is 0.1-0.5% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt;
(4) removing gas from the alloy melt subjected to modification treatment, slagging off, standing at 700-800 ℃ for 15-25 min to precipitate or float impurities in the melt, and then casting into an ingot; the aging treatment is to keep the temperature at 150-200 ℃ for 3-30 hours and then air-cool.
2. The high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein the refining agent is RJ-1 refining agent, and the addition amount of the refining agent is 0.2-0.8% of the total weight of the aluminum alloy melt.
3. The high-manganese high-magnesium Al-Si casting alloy according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment is heat preservation at 520-560 ℃ for 3-30 hours, and then quenching and cooling; the aging treatment is to preserve heat for 3-30 hours at 150-200 ℃ and then air-cool.
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| CN115323209B (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-06-02 | 沈阳西蒙科技有限公司 | Casting process of ZL101A structural member |
| CN115786782B (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-01-26 | 吉林大学 | Low-cost corrosion-resistant high-strength and high-toughness cast aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof |
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