CN112872356B - Method for improving strength of copper-tungsten and copper bonding surface - Google Patents
Method for improving strength of copper-tungsten and copper bonding surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN112872356B CN112872356B CN202110487911.1A CN202110487911A CN112872356B CN 112872356 B CN112872356 B CN 112872356B CN 202110487911 A CN202110487911 A CN 202110487911A CN 112872356 B CN112872356 B CN 112872356B
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- SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tungsten Chemical group [Cu].[W] SBYXRAKIOMOBFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 239000010949 copper Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052802 copper Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYKQQBUWKSHMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver tungsten Chemical compound [Ag][W][W] UYKQQBUWKSHMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002490 spark plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
- B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
- B22F2003/175—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging by hot forging, below sintering temperature
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface, which relates to the technical field of manufacturing products by metal powder, and comprises the following steps of S1: firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the mass percent of 5-95% of the tungsten powder, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy; s2, compacting: compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in the graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate, and S3, powder paving: copper powder is laid above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank, and then the copper powder is compacted; s4, sintering: placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace, applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer; the method can ensure the conductivity of the tungsten-copper contact and improve the tensile strength of the joint surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing products by metal powder, in particular to a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper bonding surface.
Background
Tungsten copper alloys are alloys of tungsten and copper. The copper content of the common alloy is 10-50%. The alloy is prepared by a powder metallurgy method, and has good electric and thermal conductivity, good high-temperature strength and certain plasticity. At very high temperatures, such as above 3000 ℃, copper in the alloy is liquefied and evaporated, a large amount of heat is absorbed, and the surface temperature of the material is reduced. Such materials are also known as metallic sweating materials.
Because the two metals of tungsten and copper are not soluble, the tungsten-copper alloy has the low expansibility, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of tungsten and the high electric and thermal conductivity of copper, and is suitable for various machining. The production of tungsten copper alloys generally uses a powder metallurgical process flow: firstly, preparing powder, mixing ingredients, pressing and forming, and sintering and infiltration.
The copper-tungsten alloy is mostly applied to the field of electronic products or high-voltage electrical contacts because of good conductivity and tensile strength, and the specifications in the national standard GB/T8320 copper-tungsten and silver-tungsten electrical contacts are as follows: "tensile strength of joint surface between copper-tungsten alloy of copper-tungsten integral electrical contact and conductive end, when the conductive end is copper, is not less than 185 MPa"; however, due to the limitation of the existing sintering process and sintering equipment, impurities, oxides and the like inevitably exist between the copper-tungsten and copper joint surfaces in the sintering process, so that the tensile strength of the CuW/Cu joint surface is difficult to control to be more than 185MPa, and the production period is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper bonding surface.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the mass percent of 5-95% of the tungsten powder, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
s4: sintering
And placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder spreading blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace, applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder spreading blank, introducing pulse direct current to heat to 1050-1250 ℃ when the mechanical pressure reaches 43-46MPa, preserving the heat for 30-45min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the copper-tungsten alloy with the copper coating layer.
Further, the granularity of the tungsten powder in the step S1 is 4-6 μm, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is less than 0.03%.
Further, the temperature rise rate at the time of the temperature rise to 1050-.
Further, the degree of vacuum during sintering in step S4 is 1 to 10 Pa.
Further, in step S1, before the copper-tungsten composite powder is placed in the graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper needs to be laid on the bottom of the graphite crucible.
Further, the compacting pressure of the copper-tungsten composite powder in the step S2 is 8-10Pa, the compacting times are 2-4 times, the compacting pressure of the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank in the step S3 is 10-13Pa, and the compacting times are 1-3 times.
Furthermore, the copper powder used in the step S1 and the step S3 adopts gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is less than 0.05%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 μm.
Further, after the sintering in step S4 is completed, the obtained tungsten-copper alloy is subjected to hot isostatic pressing.
Further, the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 120-200MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, then the temperature is continuously raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 20-30 ℃/min, and the temperature and the pressure are kept for 2-4 h.
And further, performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side, paved with the copper powder, in the S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method is simple and convenient to produce, the production period of the tungsten-copper alloy can be greatly shortened, and meanwhile, in the sintering process of the tungsten-copper alloy, the copper powder is paved on the surface of the tungsten-copper alloy, so that the oxidation of the copper-tungsten composite powder in the tungsten-copper alloy can be reduced, and the tensile strength of the tungsten-copper alloy is further improved.
(2) The method prepares the copper-tungsten alloy with the copper-clad layer in a spark plasma sintering mode, and when the tungsten-copper alloy is used for preparing the copper-tungsten contact, the electrical conductivity of the copper-tungsten contact can be ensured, the tensile strength of a joint surface can be improved, and the service life of the copper-tungsten contact can be prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention for preparing copper-tungsten alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the mass percent of 5 percent of the tungsten powder, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 4-6 mu m, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is 0.025 percent; the copper powder is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is 0.03%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
before the copper-tungsten composite powder is put into a graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper is paved at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder under the pressure of 8Pa for 2 times;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank under the pressure of 10Pa for 1 time;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace and applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, wherein the vacuum degree during sintering is 1Pa, introducing pulse direct current to heat the crucible to 1050 ℃ after the mechanical pressure reaches 43MPa, preserving the temperature for 30min, and cooling the crucible along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the temperature rise speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature rises to 1050 ℃;
after sintering, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained tungsten-copper alloy; the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 120MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, then the temperature is continuously raised to 1200 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, and the temperature and the pressure are kept for 2 h;
and (3) performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side paved with the copper powder in S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
Example 2:
a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the tungsten powder mass percentage of 50%, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 4-6 μm, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is 0.028%; the copper powder is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is 0.04%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
before the copper-tungsten composite powder is put into a graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper is paved at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder under the pressure of 9Pa for 3 times;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank under the pressure of 11Pa for 2 times;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace and applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, wherein the vacuum degree during sintering is 5Pa, introducing pulse direct current to heat to 1100 ℃ after the mechanical pressure reaches 45MPa, preserving the temperature for 35min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the heating speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature is raised to 1100 ℃;
after sintering, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained tungsten-copper alloy; the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 150MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 7 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, then the temperature is continuously raised to 1250 ℃ at the heating rate of 23 ℃/min, and the temperature and the pressure are kept for 3 h;
and (3) performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side paved with the copper powder in S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
Example 3:
a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the tungsten powder mass percentage of 95%, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 4-6 mu m, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is 0.29 percent; the copper powder is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is 0.045%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
before the copper-tungsten composite powder is put into a graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper is paved at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder under the pressure of 9Pa for 3 times;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank under the pressure of 12Pa for 2 times;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace and applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, wherein the vacuum degree during sintering is 6Pa, introducing pulse direct current to heat the furnace to 1200 ℃ after the mechanical pressure reaches 46MPa, preserving the temperature for 40min, and cooling the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the heating speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature is raised to 1200 ℃;
after sintering, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained tungsten-copper alloy; the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 180MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 9 ℃/min, the temperature is continuously raised after heat preservation is carried out for 1h, the temperature is raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min, and the heat preservation and pressure maintenance are carried out for 4 h;
and (3) performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side paved with the copper powder in S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
Example 4:
a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the tungsten powder mass percentage of 60%, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 4-6 mu m, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is 0.025 percent; the copper powder is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is 0.035%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
before the copper-tungsten composite powder is put into a graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper is paved at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder under the pressure of 10Pa for 4 times;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank under the pressure of 13Pa for 3 times;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace and applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, wherein the vacuum degree during sintering is 10Pa, introducing pulse direct current to heat up to 1250 ℃ when the mechanical pressure reaches 46MPa, preserving heat for 45min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the temperature rise speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature rises to 1250 ℃;
after sintering, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained tungsten-copper alloy; the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 200MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is continuously raised after heat preservation for 1h, the temperature is raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min, and the heat preservation and pressure preservation are carried out for 4 h;
and (3) performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side paved with the copper powder in S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
Example 5:
a method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface comprises the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the tungsten powder mass percentage of 70%, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
the granularity of the tungsten powder is 4-6 mu m, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is 0.022%; the copper powder is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is 0.035%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
before the copper-tungsten composite powder is put into a graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper is paved at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder under the pressure of 10Pa for 4 times;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank under the pressure of 13Pa for 3 times;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder laid blank into a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace and applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder laid blank, wherein the vacuum degree during sintering is 10Pa, introducing pulse direct current to heat up to 1250 ℃ when the mechanical pressure reaches 46MPa, preserving heat for 45min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the temperature rise speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature rises to 1250 ℃;
after sintering, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained tungsten-copper alloy; the pressure of hot isostatic pressing treatment is 200MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is continuously raised after heat preservation for 1h, the temperature is raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 30 ℃/min, and the heat preservation and pressure preservation are carried out for 4 h;
and (3) performing single-side hot forging on the tungsten-copper alloy subjected to the hot isostatic pressing treatment, wherein the single-side hot forging is to forge the side paved with the copper powder in S3, and performing punch forming after forging to obtain a finished part.
The tensile strength and the conductivity of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the examples 1 to 5 are detected, the fracture position is on the copper during the detection of the tensile strength, and the detection result is as follows: the tensile strength of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the example 1 is 273MPa, and the electric conductivity is 89% IACS; the tensile strength of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the example 2 is 216MPa, and the electric conductivity is 59% IACS; the tensile strength of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the example 3 is 203MPa, and the electric conductivity is 28% IACS; the tensile strength of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the example 4 is 213MPa, and the electric conductivity is 52% IACS; the tensile strength of the copper-tungsten alloy prepared in the example 5 is 209MPa, and the electric conductivity is 46% IACS;
the results of comparing the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity of the copper-tungsten alloys prepared in examples 1 to 5 show that the higher the tungsten content is, the higher the tensile strength is, and the lower the electrical conductivity is, and manufacturers can prepare different copper-tungsten alloys according to the application of the prepared copper-tungsten alloys and different requirements of the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity so as to meet the production requirements.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the strength of a copper-tungsten and copper joint surface is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: powder filling
Firstly, preparing tungsten powder and copper powder into copper-tungsten composite powder according to the mass percent of 5-95% of the tungsten powder, and then putting the prepared composite powder into a graphite crucible for preparing copper-tungsten alloy;
s2: compacting
Compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder placed in a graphite crucible by adopting a stainless steel pressing plate to obtain a copper-tungsten composite powder blank;
s3: spreading powder
Spreading copper powder above the copper-tungsten composite powder blank obtained in the step S2, compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank by using a stainless steel pressing plate, and obtaining a copper powder spreading blank after compaction;
s4: sintering
Placing the graphite crucible with the copper powder blank in a discharge plasma sintering furnace, vacuumizing the furnace, applying mechanical pressure to the copper powder blank, introducing pulse direct current to heat to 1050-1250 ℃ when the mechanical pressure reaches 43-46MPa, preserving the heat for 30-45min, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain copper-tungsten alloy with a copper-coated layer;
the granularity of the tungsten powder in the step S1 is 4-6 mu m, and the oxygen content of the tungsten powder is less than 0.03%;
the temperature rise speed is 200 ℃/min when the temperature rises to 1050-;
the vacuum degree during sintering in the step S4 is 1-10 Pa;
in step S1, before the copper-tungsten composite powder is placed in the graphite crucible, a layer of graphite crucible paper needs to be laid at the bottom of the graphite crucible;
the pressure for compacting the copper-tungsten composite powder in the step S2 is 8-10Pa, the compacting times are 2-4 times, the pressure for compacting the copper powder on the copper-tungsten composite powder blank in the step S3 is 10-13Pa, and the compacting times are 1-3 times;
the copper powder used in the step S1 and the step S3 is gas atomized copper powder, the oxygen content of the copper powder is less than 0.05%, and the granularity of the copper powder is 3-5 mu m;
after the sintering in the step S4 is finished, carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the obtained copper-tungsten alloy;
the pressure of the hot isostatic pressing treatment is 120-200MPa, the temperature is heated to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, then the temperature is continuously raised to 1300 ℃ at the heating rate of 20-30 ℃/min, and the temperature and the pressure are kept for 2-4 h.
2. The method for improving the strength of the joint surface of the copper and the tungsten and the copper as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing treatment is carried out on the copper-tungsten alloy, and the single-side hot forging is carried out on the side, laid with the copper powder, of the S3, and the side is forged to a required thickness and then is subjected to punch forming, so that a finished part is obtained.
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