CN102747248B - Sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and production method thereof - Google Patents
Sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102747248B CN102747248B CN201210252174.8A CN201210252174A CN102747248B CN 102747248 B CN102747248 B CN 102747248B CN 201210252174 A CN201210252174 A CN 201210252174A CN 102747248 B CN102747248 B CN 102747248B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material and a production method thereof. The sliver-oxide ternary alloy electrical contact material comprises, by weight percent, 6%-24% of total ternary alloy oxides, 0.72%-5% of total added element oxides, and the balance of silver. The production method includes smelting the raw materials to obtain ingots by stepwise smelting process or atomizing to produce alloy powder; performing rolling and temperature differential oxidation, or high energy ball milling and temperature differential oxidation; and performing isostatic pressing to obtain primary ingots, subjecting the primary ingots to sintering, hot re-pressing and hot extrusion to obtain wires or strips, and thereby obtaining highly dispersible organizational structure with even and small crystal grains. The obtained material is high in conductivity, low in temperature rise, high in welding resistance, high in arc suppressing and high in electric corrosion resistance, electrical life is prolonged greatly, advantages of comprehensive property are highlighted, and the demands of high-end low-voltage electric appliances are fully met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrical contact material and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to a kind of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Electrical contact (point) is industry and civilian various AC/DC contactor, isolating switch, rly., transfer lever, switch on wall, household electrical appliance, the requisite core parts of car electrics.The quality of its performance directly affects the reliability of success or failure and work-ing life and the safe operation of electrical equipment break-make.Electrical contact material of a great variety, but be nothing but two large class silver-base alloy and copper base alloys, silver-base alloy can be divided into again silver-colored solid solution alloy and non-solid solution alloy, i.e. the true alloy of so-called silver and silver-colored pseudoalloy.The true alloy of silver can be directly used in contact material, also can alloy oxidation be that silver-colored oxide compound is for contact material.Silver pseudoalloy synthesizes by powder metallurgic method, for contact material.
At present its application of siluer metal oxide electric contact (point) material is more general, because of process for producing is simple and easy to grasp can scale production.Conventional have Agcdo, siller tin oxide, silver copper oxide, an Ag-ZnO etc., and it is all silver and monometallic oxide compound, has added different metallic elements for improving performance.But the raising to over-all properties or undesirable, specifically:
(1) although Agcdo over-all properties is better, the electric arc producing while having cadmium volatilization and electrical equipment to have load disjunction in material manufacture has cadmium vaporization to discharge cadmium poison, therefore considers from health of human body and environmental protection, and silver cadmium oxide contact material will be eliminated gradually.
(2) although siller tin oxide has fine resistance fusion welding and stability, electrical contact surface easily forms oxide film in use, makes surface contacted resistance increase temperature rise and accelerates.In addition, because the hardness height of stannic oxide is to the processing difficulties that makes siller tin oxide matrix material.
(3) silver copper oxide electrical contact material has lower surface contacted resistance, and temperature rise is also compared with low and stable, but in heat sealability and electrical loss, has the characteristic that tool is not fully satisfied with people.
(4) silver zinc oxide contact material has good resistance fusion welding, good resistance to arc erosion, and low and stable contact resistance, causes the resistance to electrical wear of material not strong but the mutual wettability of the silver in silver zinc oxide contact material and zinc oxide is poor.
In sum, research and develop the outstanding electrical contact material superior and environmental protection of a kind of over-all properties and will there is extremely important meaning.
Summary of the invention
First object of the present invention is the shortcoming and defect existing in order to overcome prior art, and provides a kind of over-all properties to give prominence to silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material of superior and environmental protection.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material.
For realizing first object of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is to comprise following constituent element, by percentage to the quality: the total content of ternary alloy oxide compound is 6%～24%, described ternary alloy oxide compound is formed through peroxidation by the alloy of silver-colored and tin, copper, zinc; The total content that adds element oxide is 0.72%～5%; Surplus is silver.
Further arranging is in described ternary alloy oxide compound, and the content that the content that the content of stannic oxide accounts for 2wt%～8wt%, the cupric oxide of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content accounts for the 2wt%～8wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content, zinc oxide accounts for the 2wt%～8wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content.
Further arranging is that described interpolation element is made up of the oxide compound of bismuth, nickel, alkaline-earth metal and rare earth element, and the oxide compound of bismuth or nickel accounts for the 0.2wt%～1wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The oxide compound of alkaline-earth metal accounts for the 0.5wt%～2.5wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The oxide compound of rare earth element accounts for the 0.02wt%～1.5wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content.
Further arranging is that described alkaline-earth metal is calcium or magnesium, and described rare earth element is lanthanum, cerium or yttrium.
For realizing second object of the present invention, one of technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise following operation:
A, substep melting:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in above-mentioned the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot successively being added to stove with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 1000 DEG C～1400 DEG C, casting forms silver-colored ternary alloy ingot after complete alloying refining;
B, forging, rolling, stamping-out: the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step is obtained to heavy-gauge sheeting through forging, and after hot rolling silver-coated layer is carried out in surface treatment, more cold rolling, punch forming is obtained sheet contact blank;
C, differential temperature oxide treatment: oxide treatment 10 hours～40 hours in the oxygen that is 0.8Mpa～2Mpa by the sheet contact blank of above-mentioned b at pressure in the electric furnace by the first temperature between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C, sheet contact blank in electric furnace is reoxidized in the oxygen of pressure 0.8Mpa～2Mpa and process after end in 8 hours～38 hours continuously between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C by the second temperature again, come out of the stove and obtain silver-oxidation ternary alloy sheet electrical contact material through surface treatment.
For realizing second object of the present invention, two of technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise following operation:
A, substep melting:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in above-mentioned the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot successively being added to stove with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 1000 DEG C～1400 DEG C, casting forms silver-colored ternary alloy ingot after complete alloying refining;
B, by the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step after surface treatment, carry out hot extrusion be drawn into again φ 0.8mm～φ 2.0mm silk material or by the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step after surface treatment, reroll and make 0.5mm～1.0mm thin plate, become little broken section or fine grained chippings through break process;
C, little broken section of above-mentioned b step or fine grained chippings are carried out to differential temperature oxide treatment, in the electric furnace of the first temperature between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C, pass into the oxygen that pressure is 0.8Mpa～2Mpa, carry out oxide treatment 6 hours～12 hours, then in the second temperature that temperature is raise between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C oxygen that is 0.8Mpa～2Mpa by little broken section in electric furnace or fine grained chippings at pressure continuously, reoxidize to process after within 6 hours～12 hours, finishing and come out of the stove;
D, moulding on little broken section after oxidation or the fine grained chippings isostatic pressing machine that is 220Mpa～600Mpa at pressure is obtained to just billet after surface treatment;
E, by first billet temperature be in the electric furnace between 730 DEG C～880 DEG C, carry out just burning 6 hours～16 hours after, the cooling hot re-pressing of coming out of the stove between 300 DEG C～600 DEG C, hot re-pressing pressure is in the middle of 280Mpa～720Mpa;
F, the billet of hot re-pressing is heated to resintering 4 hours～8 hours in the electric furnace between 580 DEG C～930 DEG C of temperature, the hot extrusion of coming out of the stove immediately obtains wire rod or band, and the extrusion ratio of wire rod is between 100～450, and the extrusion ratio of band is between 13～90.
For realizing second object of the present invention, three of technical scheme of the present invention is: comprise following operation:
Producing of a, powdered alloy:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot are smelted into alloy molten solution by mid-frequency melting furnace priority between the temperature of 1000～1450 DEG C in adding stove, and high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy after complete alloying refining.
B, the processing of wet method high-energy ball milling: the powdered alloy that above-mentioned a is produced is through drying, sieving out granularity is 150 order～250 object powdered alloys, under the condition that is medium at ethanol, carrying out high-energy ball milling and process after 8～40 hours, is 250 order～350 object powdered alloys sieving out granularity;
C, differential temperature oxide treatment: by oxide treatment in the powdered alloy of the above-mentioned b high-energy ball milling processing oxygen that pressure is 0.8Mpa～2Mpa in the electric furnace between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C of the first temperature 4 hours～8 hours, be warmed up to again the second temperature and in the continuous oxygen that is 0.8Mpa～2Mpa at pressure by the powdered alloy in electric furnace, reoxidize and process after end in 3 hours～7 hours between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C, come out of the stove and obtain silver-oxidation manganese ternary alloy powder of oxide treatment;
D, billet moulding, sintering hot re-pressing: by the powder after oxidation again ball milling within 2 hours～6 hours, sieve, on the isostatic pressing machine that is 200Mpa～600Mpa at pressure, moulding obtains just billet; Be in the electric furnace between 560 DEG C～910 DEG C, to carry out just burning 8 hours～24 hours by first billet in temperature, cooling to the hot re-pressing of coming out of the stove between 380 DEG C～680 DEG C, pressure is 280～720Mpa interval;
E, hot extrusion are become a useful person: be in the electric furnace between 580 DEG C～930 DEG C, to heat resintering 4 hours～12 hours by the billet of hot re-pressing in temperature, and the hot extrusion of coming out of the stove immediately, the extrusion ratio of silk material is 100～450, the extrusion ratio of band is 13～90;
Further setting is that the ball crusher rotating speed of wet method high-energy ball milling processing in described above-mentioned steps b is 250 revs/min～450 revs/min, and the ball material mass ratio of abrading-ball and powder is 12:1～43:1.
Advantage and the beneficial effect of the present invention compared with existing siluer metal oxide electric contact material and working method:
(1) material system forms differently, and existing silver oxide electrical contact material is formed and is also made up of indivedual three-phase constituent elements by two-phase constituent element.And the present invention is formed and has been given prominence to the long superiority of keeping away the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of Duan ， Group unit of Yang by four phase constituent elements.Be embodied in: (a) cupric oxide and zinc oxide can improve the electrical contact performance of contact material, quasi-complement the shortcoming of the large temperature rise of sliver oxidized tin contactor materials surface contacted resistance, and zinc is the solute metal with oxidative function in fine promotion.(b) in material, improved in the silver-colored gap that the wettability of oxide compound is made to liquid silver infiltration oxide particle adding of cupric oxide, and the diffusion of oxide compound Xiang Yin district occurs simultaneously, forms firmly wetting interface.Thereby reduce the contact resistance of contact material, effectively reduced the temperature rise in switching operation process.(c), although silver copper oxide contact material contact resistance and temperature rise are lower, in resistance fusion welding and anti-electrical loss, do not there is the characteristic of abundant satisfaction.And the resistance fusion welding of siller tin oxide and Ag-ZnO can be stronger.(d) in the time of disjunction, the zinc oxide in material is first exercised zinc volatilization and can be made again electric arc shift rapidly and extinguish with the alkaline-earth metal heat absorption of making a concerted effort under arcing, thereby has improved the ability of anti electric arc corrosion.(e) be added with alkaline-earth metal and rare earth element can be better and silver, copper, tin, zinc form compound between various metals, and with fine particle dispersion in matrix, produce precipitation strength effect, improved the wear resistance of alloy, and strengthened high-temperature stability, improve electric life.
(2) complete processing difference: (a) existing silver oxide electrical contact material alloy preparation is melting once ingot processed or powder by atomization, and the present invention is substep melting ingot processed or powder by atomization, make each constituent content accurately controlled, the synthetic melting of secondary is prepared alloy and is made that each element mutual solubility under liquid state is better, alloying is more abundant again, there will not be segregation, disperse effect is better.(b) processing of existing ball-milling technology alloy powder, that silver powder and oxide powder are carried out to ball-milling processing, and the present invention carries out the processing of wet method high-energy ball milling to silver alloys powder before preoxidation, can eliminate the internal stress that the anxious contracting of atomized powder particle brings, make powder particle have fresh surface, can accelerate rate of oxidation and make oxidation more abundant.(c) differential temperature oxidation processing technique of the present invention, can greatly shorten oxidization time and make oxygen-depleted zone level off to zero, and from outward appearance to inner essence oxide concentration evenly makes electric life be improved.Thereby the phenomenon that the oxidation gradient of having improved conventional isothermal oxidation existence is failed to act and thought in the same way oxide concentration.(d) after oxidation, ball milling makes powder particle occur that fresh interface makes to suppress intercrystalline while obtaining first billet and easily combines closely again, makes to interpenetrate thoroughly in sintering process.(e) existing powder metallurgic method is coldly to press or do not press again again after to first billet sintering, enters hot extrusion.Its drawback is that density and the processing characteristics of contact material is under some influence, and particularly in the time that temperature drift pushes, metal flow accelerates to make intercrystalline binding ability to decline.And carrying out hot re-pressing after to first billet sintering, the present invention carries out again hot extrusion.The refinement that is conducive to matrix crystal grain makes intercrystalline in conjunction with more firm, can improve the toughness of postorder processing, silk material after extruding and the density of sheet material are significantly improved, and the present invention replaces the resintering after hot re-pressing and enters hot extrusion processing with the billet heating before hot extrusion.The strong favourable density that has improved intercrystalline binding ability and material, has particularly shown good toughness and tensile strength to the postorder processing of silk material.
performance comparison sees the following form: (T: indicate interpolation element)
| Title material | Electricity Zu Shuai ﹙ μ Ω ㎝ 2 ﹚≤ | Mi Du ﹙ g/ ㎝ 3 ﹚≤ | Ying Du ﹙ HV ﹚ Mpa | Kang La Qiang Du ﹙ Mpa ﹚ | Yan Shen Shuai ﹙ % ﹚ processing Tai≤ |
| Yin Yangization Xi ﹙ 10 ﹚-T | 3.30. | 9.60. | 630～730 | 200 ~ 380 | 8 |
| Yin Yangization Tong ﹙ 10 ﹚-T | 3.10. | 9.40. | 580～710 | 230 ~ 286 | 6 |
| Yin Yangization Xin ﹙ 10 ﹚-T | 3.30. | 9.40. | 690～780 | 220 ~ 320 | 5 |
| Silver oxidation ternary alloy (10)-T | 2.87. | 10.1. | 790～987 | 250 ~ 400 | 13 |
The present invention forges into silver-oxidation ternary alloy contact material with the quaternary metal that makes of environmental protection, science, has brought into play each monometallic advantage, has reached the effect of having complementary advantages, and ensures with superior technique, makes its over-all properties be improved fully and manifest.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is specifically described; only be used to further illustrate the present invention; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention, the technician in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment to the present invention according to the content of foregoing invention.
Embodiment mono-: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (12 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking magnesium 0.8%, cerium 0.06%, nickel 0.25%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 3.56%, tin 3%, zinc 3% by the per-cent of total mass, in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, copper, tin, zinc are smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C in successively adding stove, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 alloy cast ingot is successively added in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1250 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy billet.
4, after being forged by the size of ﹙ 330 × 123 × 33 ﹚ ㎜, 3 ingot casting carries out overburden removing processing.
5, by the forging ingot and cover silver plate tetracol phenixin wiped clean and be combined with argon arc welding sealing three limits of 4 processing, the temperature heating with 790 DEG C in the electric furnace of hydrogen shield was carried out hot rolling after 4 hours.Deflection can not be lower than 68%.
6, the sheet material after 5 hot rollings is cold-rolled to 1.5mm thick, punching slabbing contact blank.
7,6 sheet contact blank being carried out to differential temperature oxide treatment, is 600 DEG C in temperature, oxide treatment 24 hours in the electric furnace that oxygen pressure is 0.8Mpa, then be warmed up to 700 DEG C of continuation oxidations 20 hours, be cooled to 100 DEG C of contact products of coming out of the stove below with stove.
embodiment bis-: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (15 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking calcium 0.8%, lanthanum 0.08%, bismuth 0.25%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 4%, tin 5%, zinc 3% by the per-cent of total mass is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C by copper, tin, zinc in successively adding stove in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, and after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 alloy cast ingot is successively added in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1250 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy billet.
4,3 ingot casting is forged to rear overburden removing processing An the size of ﹙ 330 × 123 × 33 ﹚ ㎜.
5, by the forging ingot and cover silver plate tetracol phenixin wiped clean and be combined with argon arc welding sealing three limits of 4 processing, the temperature heating with 780 DEG C in the electric furnace of argon shield was carried out hot rolling after 4 hours.Deflection can not be lower than 68%.
6, the sheet material after 5 hot rollings is cold-rolled to 2.0mm thick, punching slabbing contact blank.
7,6 sheet contact blank being carried out to differential temperature oxide treatment, is 630 DEG C in temperature, oxide treatment 32 hours in the electric furnace that oxygen pressure is 1.0Mpa, then be warmed up to 730 DEG C of continuation oxidations 28 hours, be cooled to 100 DEG C of contact products of coming out of the stove below with stove.
embodiment tri-: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (13 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking magnesium 0.8%, cerium 0.05%, nickel 0.2%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1150 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 4%, tin 4%, zinc 2.34% by the per-cent of total mass, in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, copper, tin, zinc are smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C in successively adding stove, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 ingot casting is successively added in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy billet.
4,3 billet in being the electric furnace of 880 DEG C, temperature is heated to the wire rod that is hot extruded into φ 5 ㎜ for 4 hours after surface treatment.Extrusion ratio is 280.
5,4 wire rod is carried out to differential temperature oxide treatment through a silk material that is drawn to φ 1.0 mm, in electric furnace, oxygen pressure is 0.8Mpa, and temperature is oxidized 12 hours and is warming up to 680 DEG C of oxidations again while being 600 DEG C comes out of the stove pending in 8 hours.
6, the silk material after 5 oxidations is carried out to isostatic pressing after surface treatment fragmentation under 300Mpa pressure and get Round Billet.
7, be sintering 6 hours in 830 DEG C by 6 Round Billet at furnace temperature, while being cooled to 500 DEG C with stove, come out of the stove and carry out the hot re-pressing extrusion ingot that is as the criterion.
8,7 accurate extrusion ingot is heated in temperature is the electric furnace of 860 DEG C and within 4 hours, carry out hot extrusion (extrusion ratio is 330) and make the wire rod that diameter is φ 6 ㎜, make through drawing the silk material that diameter is φ 2.85 ㎜.Be used for riveter nail processed.
embodiment tetra-: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (15 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking calcium 1.0%, cerium 0.04%, bismuth 0.3%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 4%, tin 4%, zinc 4% by the per-cent of total mass is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C by copper, tin, zinc in successively adding stove in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, and after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 ingot casting is successively added in mid-frequency melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1350 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy.
4,, by the screening of above-mentioned 3 powdered alloy drying, under the condition that to get granularity and be 200 object powdered alloys be medium at ethanol, the rotating speed of ball mill is that the ball material mass ratio of 350 Zhuan/point Zhong ﹐ abrading-ball and powder is 30 ︰ 1, carries out ball-milling processing 4 hours.
5, by the powdered alloy after 4 ball-milling processing again sieve size be that 350 orders carry out differential temperature oxide treatment.First in temperature is the electric furnace of 600 DEG C, be oxide treatment 5 hours in the oxygen of 1.0 Mpa at pressure, again with stove be warmed up to 680 DEG C continuously the powdered alloy in electric furnace is reoxidized in pressure is the oxygen of 1.0 Mpa and processes and finish for 4 hours after, come out of the stove and obtain the powdered alloy of oxide treatment.
6, by the powdered alloy after oxidation again ball milling 3 hours through screening, be that on the isostatic pressing machine of 300 Mpa, just billet is obtained in moulding at pressure.
7,6 first billet is carried out in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C just burn 8 hours, be cooled to 550 DEG C of hot re-pressings of coming out of the stove with stove, pressure is 350 Mpa.
8,7 hot re-pressing billet resintering in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C is come out of the stove for 4 hours immediately hot extrusion is the wire rod of φ 5.5mm, and the extrusion ratio of wire rod is 300.
9, by 8 wire rod through be drawn to diameter be the silk material of φ 2.85 ㎜ can be processed riveter nail.
Embodiment five: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (17 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking calcium 1.0%, cerium 0.08%, bismuth 0.3%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 4.53%, tin 5%, zinc 4% by the per-cent of total mass, in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, copper, tin, zinc are smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C in successively adding stove, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 ingot casting is successively added in mid-frequency melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1350 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy.
4, by the screening of above-mentioned 3 powdered alloy drying, under the condition that to get granularity and be 200 object powdered alloys be medium at ethanol, the rotating speed of ball mill is that the ball material mass ratio of 380 revs/min, abrading-ball and powder is 20 ︰ 1, carries out ball-milling processing 4 hours.
5, by the powdered alloy after 4 ball-milling processing again sieve size be that 350 orders carry out differential temperature oxide treatment.First in temperature is the electric furnace of 620 DEG C, be oxide treatment 5 hours in the oxygen of 1.0 Mpa at pressure, again with stove be warmed up to 700 DEG C continuously the powdered alloy in electric furnace is reoxidized in pressure is the oxygen of 1.0 Mpa and processes and finish for 4 hours after, come out of the stove and obtain the powdered alloy of oxide treatment.
6, by the powder after oxidation again ball milling 3 hours through screening, be that on the isostatic pressing machine of 320 Mpa, just billet is obtained in moulding at pressure.
7,6 first billet is carried out in the electric furnace of 880 DEG C just burn 9 hours, be cooled to 550 DEG C of hot re-pressings of coming out of the stove with stove, pressure is 350 Mpa.
8,7 hot re-pressing billet resintering in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C is come out of the stove for 4 hours immediately hot extrusion is band, and the extrusion ratio of band is 35.
9, the band of 8 band and silver-coated layer being combined through surface treatment, is in 800 DEG C of electric furnaces in argon shield, to heat that within 4 hours, to carry out hot rolling compound in temperature.Deflection can not be less than 68%.Become contact sheet material through cold rolling, punching again.
embodiment six: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (10 ± 1).
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking magnesium 0.6%, lanthanum 0.06%, nickel 0.2%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 2.5%, tin 3%, zinc 2.46% by the per-cent of total mass, in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, copper, tin, zinc are smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C in successively adding stove, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy cast ingot.
3,1 and 2 ingot casting is successively added in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1300 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy.
4, by the screening of above-mentioned 3 powdered alloy drying, under the condition that to get granularity and be 200 object powdered alloys be medium at ethanol, the rotating speed of ball mill is that the ball material mass ratio of 350 revs/min, abrading-ball and powder is 25 ︰ 1, carries out ball-milling processing 4 hours.
5, by the powdered alloy of above-mentioned 4 ball-milling processing again through sieve size be 350 orders in electric furnace, to carry out differential temperature oxide treatment oxygen pressure be 1.0 Mpa, when temperature is 600 DEG C, oxide treatment is warming up to 680 DEG C of oxide treatment for 5 hours again and finishes for 5 hours.Come out of the stove and obtain the powdered alloy of oxide treatment.
6, by the powdered alloy after oxidation again ball milling 3 hours through screening, be on 300 Mpa isostatic pressing machines, to be shaped to just billet at pressure.
7,6 first billet is carried out in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C just burn 8 hours, be cooled to 500 DEG C of hot re-pressings of coming out of the stove, pressure is 350 Mpa.
8, the billet of 7 hot re-pressing resintering in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C is come out of the stove for 4 hours immediately hot extrusion is the band that the wire rod of φ 6mm or hot extrusion are (44 × 12) mm.The extrusion ratio of wire rod is 290.The extrusion ratio of band is 30.
9, by 8 wire rod through be drawn to diameter be the silk material of φ 1.5 ㎜ can be processed riveter nail or the band of 8 band and silver-coated layer is 800 DEG C in temperature after surface treatment is combined heats in the electric furnace under argon shield that to carry out hot rolling in 3 hours compound.Deflection can not be less than 68%.Through being cold-rolled to, 1.5mm is thick again, punching becomes contact sheet material.
Embodiment seven: silver-oxidation ternary alloy (20 ± 1).Can be used for 225A isolating switch.
1, by the per-cent of total mass taking magnesium 1.0%, yttrium 0.08%, bismuth 0.3%, surplus as silver-colored proportioning, with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace with the temperature of 1100 DEG C by silver with add element and successively add in stove and be smelted into alloy molten solution, after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy cast ingot;
2, the proportioning with copper 5%, tin 5%, zinc 6% by the per-cent of total mass is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1200 DEG C by copper, tin, zinc in successively adding stove in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace, and after complete alloying refining, casting forms alloy cast ingot.
3,3,1 and 2 ingot casting is successively added in intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace and is smelted into alloy molten solution with the temperature of 1350 DEG C again, after complete alloying refining, high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy.
4, by the screening of above-mentioned 3 powdered alloy drying, under the condition that to get granularity and be 200 object powdered alloys be medium at ethanol, the rotating speed of ball mill is that the ball material mass ratio of 380 revs/min, abrading-ball and powder is 40 ︰ 1, carries out ball-milling processing 4 hours.
5, be that 350 orders oxygen pressure in electric furnace is 1.0 Mpa through sieve size again by the powdered alloy of above-mentioned 4 ball-milling processing, when temperature is 620 DEG C, oxide treatment is warming up to 710 DEG C of oxide treatment 5 hours for 5 hours again.
6, by the powdered alloy after oxidation again ball milling 3 hours through screening, be on 300 Mpa isostatic pressing machines, to be shaped to just billet at pressure.
7,6 first billet is carried out in the electric furnace of 880 DEG C just burn 9 hours, be cooled to 550 DEG C of hot re-pressings of coming out of the stove, pressure is 350 Mpa.
8, the billet of 7 hot re-pressing resintering in the electric furnace of 860 DEG C is come out of the stove for 6 hours immediately hot extrusion is the band that the wire rod of φ 8mm or hot extrusion are (44 × 12) mm.The extrusion ratio of wire rod is 310.The extrusion ratio of band is 35.
9, by 8 wire rod through be drawn to diameter be the silk material of φ 2.85 ㎜ can be processed riveter nail or be to heat in the electric furnace under the argon shield of 800 DEG C that to carry out hot rolling in 3 hours compound in temperature after surface treatment is combined by the band of 8 band and silver-coated layer.Deflection can not be less than 68%.Be 2mm through cold rolling thickness again, punching becomes contact sheet material.
The product physical and mechanical property of above embodiment is: resistivity: ﹙ 2.4～2.9 ﹚ μ Ω c ㎡; Density: ﹙ 9.8～10.2 ﹚ g/ ㎝
3; Hardness: ﹙ 880～1300 ﹚ Mpa; Tensile strength: (250～400) Mpa; Unit elongation>=13% of processing state.
Claims (6)
1. silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material, it is characterized in that comprising following constituent element, by percentage to the quality: the total content of ternary alloy oxide compound is 6%～24%, described ternary alloy oxide compound is formed through peroxidation by the alloy of silver-colored and tin, copper, zinc; The total content that adds the oxide compound of element is 0.72%～5%; Surplus is silver, and in described ternary alloy oxide compound, the content of stannic oxide accounts for the 2wt%～8wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The content of cupric oxide accounts for the 2wt%～8wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The content of zinc oxide accounts for the 2wt%～8wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content, the oxide compound of described interpolation element is made up of the oxide compound of bismuth, nickel, alkaline-earth metal and rare earth element, and the oxide compound of bismuth or nickel accounts for the 0.2wt%～1wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The oxide compound of alkaline-earth metal accounts for the 0.5wt%～2.5wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content; The oxide compound of rare earth element accounts for the 0.02wt%～1.5wt% of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material total content.
2. a kind of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described alkaline-earth metal is calcium or magnesium, and described rare earth element is lanthanum, cerium or yttrium.
3. a preparation method for silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising following operation:
A, substep melting:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in above-mentioned the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot successively being added to stove with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 1000 DEG C～1400 DEG C, casting forms silver-colored ternary alloy ingot after complete alloying refining;
B, forging, rolling, stamping-out: the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step is obtained to heavy-gauge sheeting through forging, and after hot rolling silver-coated layer is carried out in surface treatment, more cold rolling, punch forming is obtained sheet contact blank;
C, differential temperature oxide treatment: oxide treatment 10 hours～40 hours in the oxygen that is 0.8MPa～2MPa by the sheet contact blank of above-mentioned b at pressure in the electric furnace by the first temperature between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C, sheet contact blank in electric furnace is reoxidized in the oxygen of pressure 0.8MPa～2MPa and process after end in 8 hours～38 hours continuously between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C by the second temperature again, come out of the stove and obtain silver-oxidation ternary alloy sheet electrical contact material through surface treatment.
4. a preparation method for silver-oxidation ternary alloy thing electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising following operation:
A, substep melting:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in above-mentioned the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot successively being added to stove with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 1000 DEG C～1400 DEG C, casting forms silver-colored ternary alloy ingot after complete alloying refining;
B, by the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step after surface treatment, carry out hot extrusion be drawn into again φ 0.8mm～φ 2.0mm silk material or by the silver-colored ternary alloy ingot of above-mentioned the 3rd step after surface treatment, reroll and make the thin plate that 0.5mm～1.0mm is thick, become little broken section or fine grained chippings through break process;
C, little broken section of above-mentioned b step or fine grained chippings are carried out to differential temperature oxide treatment, in the electric furnace of the first temperature between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C, pass into the oxygen that pressure is 0.8MPa～2MPa, carry out oxide treatment 6 hours～12 hours, then in the second temperature that temperature is raise between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C oxygen that is 0.8MPa～2MPa by little broken section in electric furnace or fine grained chippings at pressure continuously, reoxidize to process after within 6 hours～12 hours, finishing and come out of the stove;
D, moulding on little broken section after oxidation or the fine grained chippings isostatic pressing machine that is 220MPa～600MPa at pressure is obtained to just billet after surface treatment;
E, by first billet temperature be in the electric furnace between 730 DEG C～880 DEG C, carry out just burning 6 hours～16 hours after, the cooling hot re-pressing of coming out of the stove between 300 DEG C～600 DEG C, hot re-pressing pressure is in the middle of 280MPa～720MPa;
F, the billet of hot re-pressing is heated to resintering 4 hours～8 hours in the electric furnace between 580 DEG C～930 DEG C of temperature, the hot extrusion of coming out of the stove immediately obtains wire rod or band, and the extrusion ratio of wire rod is between 100～450, and the extrusion ratio of band is between 13～90.
5. a preparation method for silver-oxidation ternary alloy thing electrical contact material, is characterized in that comprising following operation:
Producing of a, powdered alloy:
The first step: be smelted into alloy molten solution in silver successively being added to stove with interpolation element by mass percent claimed in claim 1 with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C, casting forms the first alloy cast ingot after complete alloying refining;
Second step: with intermediate frequency vacuum melting furnace between the temperature of 900 DEG C～1350 DEG C by tin, copper, zinc, be smelted into alloy molten solution in successively adding stove by the mass percent of claim 1, after complete alloying refining, casting forms the second alloy cast ingot;
The 3rd step: the first alloy cast ingot and the second alloy cast ingot are smelted into alloy molten solution by mid-frequency melting furnace priority between the temperature of 1000～1450 DEG C in adding stove, and high-pressure atomization is produced powdered alloy after complete alloying refining;
B, the processing of wet method high-energy ball milling: the powdered alloy that above-mentioned a is produced is through drying, sieving out granularity is 150 order～250 object powdered alloys, under the condition that is medium at ethanol, carry out high-energy ball milling and process after 8 hours～40 hours, then to sieve out granularity be 250 order～350 object powdered alloys;
C, differential temperature oxide treatment: by oxide treatment in the powdered alloy of the above-mentioned b high-energy ball milling processing oxygen that pressure is 0.8MPa～2MPa in the electric furnace between 500 DEG C～760 DEG C of the first temperature 4 hours～8 hours, be warmed up to again the second temperature and in the continuous oxygen that is 0.8MPa～2MPa at pressure by the powdered alloy in electric furnace, reoxidize and process after end in 3 hours～7 hours between 600 DEG C～860 DEG C, come out of the stove and obtain silver-oxidation manganese ternary alloy powder of oxide treatment;
D, billet moulding, sintering hot re-pressing: by the powdered alloy after oxidation again ball milling within 2 hours～6 hours, sieve, on the isostatic pressing machine that is 200MPa～600MPa at pressure, moulding obtains just billet; Be in the electric furnace between 560 DEG C～910 DEG C, to carry out just burning 8 hours～24 hours by first billet in temperature, cooling to the hot re-pressing of coming out of the stove between 380 DEG C～680 DEG C, pressure is 280MPa～720MPa interval;
E, hot extrusion are become a useful person: be in the electric furnace between 580 DEG C～930 DEG C, to heat resintering 4 hours～12 hours by the billet of hot re-pressing in temperature, and the hot extrusion of coming out of the stove immediately, the extrusion ratio of silk material is 100～450, the extrusion ratio of band is 13～90.
6. the preparation method of a kind of silver-oxidation ternary alloy electrical contact material according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step b, the ball crusher rotating speed of wet method high-energy ball milling processing is 250 revs/min～450 revs/min, and the ball material mass ratio of abrading-ball and powder is 12:1～43:1.
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