CN112867649A - 控制单元和用于运行具有拖曳力矩减小的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置的方法 - Google Patents

控制单元和用于运行具有拖曳力矩减小的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112867649A
CN112867649A CN201980069088.3A CN201980069088A CN112867649A CN 112867649 A CN112867649 A CN 112867649A CN 201980069088 A CN201980069088 A CN 201980069088A CN 112867649 A CN112867649 A CN 112867649A
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torque
internal combustion
combustion engine
control unit
drag torque
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CN201980069088.3A
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M·艾特泽尔
S·利伯特
M·弗里德里希
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/08—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing for rendering engine inoperative or idling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力驱动装置的控制单元，该混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机和电机。控制单元设置用于，促使在准备内燃机的燃烧时结束内燃机的一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施。此外，促使电机至少部分地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施所产生的内燃机的拖曳力矩的提高。

Description

控制单元和用于运行具有拖曳力矩减小的内燃机的混合动力 驱动装置的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力驱动装置。尤其是，本发明涉及结合用于混合动力驱动装置的内燃机的减小拖曳力矩的措施的混合动力驱动装置的运行。
背景技术
具有混合动力驱动装置的车辆包括内燃机和至少一个电机，所述内燃机和所述至少一个电机可以分别单个地使用和/或共同地使用，以便提供在车辆的变速器上所要求的驱动力矩。为了减小在内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧或非燃烧运行中的拖曳力矩，可以采取一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施。示例性的减小拖曳力矩的措施是切断内燃机的一个或多个缸或适配内燃机的进气门和/或排气门的打开角度和/或关闭角度。
内燃机的拖曳力矩的减小实现不燃烧的内燃机的能量高效的带动拖曳，其中，内燃机的带动拖曳又实现内燃机的能量高效的且短时间的再激活或燃烧。另一方面，当所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施激活时，通常不可以再激活内燃机。所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束可与针对混合动力驱动装置的用户的舒适性丧失相关联。
发明内容
本文件涉及如下技术任务：实现一种混合动力驱动装置的内燃机的高效且舒适的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行(尤其是关于内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行的结束)。
所述任务分别通过各独立权利要求解决。有利的实施方式尤其是在从属权利要求中描述。要指出的是，附加的特征从属于独立权利要求的从属权利要求可以在没有独立权利要求的特征的情况下或仅与独立权利要求的部分特征相组合地形成自身的发明以及与独立权利要求的全部特征的组合无关的发明，所述发明可以是独立权利要求、分案申请或后续申请的技术方案。这以相同的方式适用于对所描述的技术教导的说明，所述说明可以形成独立的发明的独立权利要求的特征。
根据一方面，说明一种用于混合动力驱动装置的控制单元，其中，混合动力驱动装置可以构造成，驱动机动车。混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机(例如柴油发动机或汽油发动机)和电机。控制单元可以设置成，控制混合动力驱动装置从内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行至内燃机的燃烧运行的过渡，尤其是这样控制混合动力驱动装置从内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行至内燃机的燃烧运行的过渡，使得混合动力驱动装置的在此所产生的总力矩以连续的和/或舒适的方式改变。在此，可以涉及内燃机以内燃机的所有缸进行燃烧运行或仅内燃机的特定部分量的缸进行燃烧运行。
尤其是，控制单元可以设置成，促使在准备内燃机的燃烧时结束内燃机的一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施。换言之，可以促使结束内燃机的拖曳力矩减小，这通常引起，内燃机具有提高的拖曳力矩。
所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束可以是内燃机可再次燃烧的前提。示例性的减小拖曳力矩的措施是切断内燃机的一个或多个缸和/或适配内燃机的至少一个进气门和/或排气门的打开角度和/或关闭角度。
此外，控制单元可以设置成，促使电机至少部分地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施所产生的内燃机的拖曳力矩的提高。通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施，可以例如产生内燃机的附加的第一拖曳力矩。换言之，在带有所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的内燃机的拖曳力矩与没有所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的内燃机的拖曳力矩之间的差可以被称为附加的第一拖曳力矩。控制单元可以设置成，促使电机将由电机所产生的转矩提高如下值，所述值位于所述附加的第一拖曳力矩的50％和100％之间。
因此，通过运行电机可以实现，至少部分地或完全地补偿所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束对混合动力驱动装置的总力矩的作用。因此，能够以舒适的方式实施内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行并且尤其是可以再次结束内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行。
控制单元设置成，求取如下时间变化曲线，内燃机的拖曳力矩在结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的情况下以所述时间变化曲线改变。由电机所产生的用于至少部分地补偿附加的拖曳力矩的转矩则可以根据内燃机的拖曳力矩的时间变化曲线来适配，尤其是以互补的方式来适配。因此，能够以特别精确的方式对拖曳力矩的改变进行补偿。在此，可以提前(例如通过测量)求取拖曳力矩的时间变化曲线，并且将其作为特征数据进行存储。
控制单元可以设置成，紧接着所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束而促使内燃机燃烧，从而通过内燃机产生基本转矩。通过内燃机的燃烧因此从(满的)拖曳力矩过渡至基本转矩。该过渡可能对于混合动力驱动装置的用户被感觉为不舒适的(例如因为该过渡导致车辆的驱动，尽管没有进行对车辆加速踏板的改变)。
因此可以促使电机至少部分地补偿基本转矩和/或至少部分地补偿从拖曳力矩至内燃机的基本转矩的过渡。尤其是，由电机可以产生如下力矩的时间变化曲线，该力矩的时间变化曲线至少部分地与从拖曳力矩至内燃机的基本转矩的过渡互补。因此，可以进一步提高在离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行时的舒适性。
控制单元可以设置成，引起一个或多个减小转矩的措施以用于减小内燃机的(必要时最小燃烧或可能最小燃烧的)基本转矩。在此，所述一个或多个减小转矩的措施可以尤其是包括改变点燃时间点(汽油发动机)、改变喷射量(柴油发动机)和/或改变内燃机的一个或多个燃料喷射参数。通过减小基本转矩，可以减小在拖曳力矩和内燃机的(必要时最小燃烧的)基本转矩之间的差。由此，可以减小为了补偿而必须由电机提供并因此必要时预留的转矩范围。通过减小电机的转矩预留量(该转矩预留量为了内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行的离开而预留)，可以提高电机在内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行期间的使用可能性并且因此提高混合动力驱动装置的能量效率。
替代地或补充地，控制单元可以设置成，求取能由电机提供的(必要时最大的或可能最大的)补偿力矩。尤其是，可以在用于离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行的过程开始时求取，电机的哪个转矩范围可用于补偿目的。该转矩范围可以被视为可用的补偿力矩。
因此可以根据电机的可用的或可提供的补偿力矩引起一个或多个减小转矩的或提高转矩的措施以用于减小或提高内燃机的基本转矩。例如当相对高的补偿力矩可用时，可以提高基本转矩。因此，可以实现，内燃机在燃烧时直接地在运行点中以相对高的效率运行(这引起混合动力驱动装置的能量效率提高)。例如，根据可用的补偿力矩，内燃机可以转变成以所有缸进行燃烧的运行或仅以内燃机的特定部分量的缸进行燃烧的运行。
当仅电机的相对小的补偿力矩是可用的时(例如因为在内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行期间仅考虑电机的相对小的转矩预留量)，可以减小内燃机的基本转矩。因此，可以延长内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行的持续时间(这引起混合动力驱动装置的能量效率提高)。
控制单元可以设置成，紧接着内燃机的燃烧的复位而确定(例如由车辆的驾驶员)所要求的驱动力矩。该驱动力矩则可以被划分为要由内燃机带来的转矩和/或要由电机带来的转矩。因此，可以实现混合动力驱动装置的能量高效的运行。
控制单元可以设置成(在内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行期间)，确定：在考虑到转矩预留量的情况下，所要求的驱动力矩是能够还是不能够通过电机带来，所述转矩预留量用于至少部分地补偿在离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减少的不燃烧运行时内燃机的力矩时间变化曲线。当确定了：所要求的驱动力矩无法通过电机带来时，则可以准备内燃机的燃烧和/或促使离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减少的不燃烧运行。另一方面，必要时可以继续拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行。因此，实现混合动力驱动装置的可靠且舒适的运行。
因此，控制单元可以设置成，求取从内燃机出发从拖曳力矩减少的不燃烧运行直至燃烧运行所产生的(转动)力矩的时间变化曲线。该变化曲线可以提前(例如通过试验)求取并且作为特征数据存储。则可以根据由内燃机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线来求取要由电机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线，尤其是这样根据由内燃机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线来求取要由电机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线，使得得到混合动力驱动装置的总转矩的连续的时间变化曲线。在求取要由电机产生的(转动)力矩的时间变化曲线时，也可以考虑针对混合动力驱动装置的所要求的驱动力矩。因此，能够以舒适的方式实现混合动力驱动装置的能量高效的运行。
根据另一方面，描述了一种(道路)机动车(尤其是轿车或载重车或客车或摩托车)，该机动车包括在本文件中所描述的控制单元。
根据另一方面，描述了一种用于在离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减少的不燃烧运行时运行混合动力驱动装置的方法，所述混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机和电机。所述方法包括：在准备内燃机的燃烧时结束内燃机的一个或多个减少拖曳力矩的措施。此外，所述方法包括：运行电机，以便至少部分地或完全地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减少拖曳力矩的措施所产生的内燃机的拖曳力矩的提高。
根据另一方面，描述了一种软件(SW)程序。SW程序可以设置成，用于在处理器上实施(例如在车辆的控制器上实施)，并且用于由此实施在本文件中所描述的方法。
根据另一方面，描述了一种存储介质。该存储介质可以包括SW程序，该SW程序设置成，用于在处理器上实施，并且用于由此实施在本文件中所描述的方法。
要注意的是，在本文件中所描述的方法、装置和***不仅可以单独地使用，而且可以与其他在本文件中所描述的方法、装置和***相组合地使用。此外，在本文件中所描述的方法、装置和***的每个方面能够以各种方式相互组合。尤其是，各权利要求的特征能够以各种方式相互组合。
附图说明
下面借助实施例详细描述本发明。附图中：
图1a示出具有双离合变速器的车辆的示例性的混合动力驱动装置；
图1b示出示例性的具有分离离合器的并行混合动力驱动装置；
图1c示出示例性的车桥混合动力驱动装置；
图1d示出示例性的P1架构的混合动力驱动装置(在内燃机和电机之间没有分离离合器)；
图2示出内燃机在离开内燃机的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行时的力矩的示例性的时间变化曲线；以及
图3示出用于在减小拖曳力矩的措施结束时运行混合动力驱动装置的示例性的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
如开头所述，本文件涉及混合动力驱动装置的运行，尤其是在一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施结束时混合动力驱动装置的运行。就此而言，图1a、1b、1c和1d示出用于车辆100的示例性的混合动力驱动装置的框图。混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机101和电机102，所述内燃机和电机可以单个地或一起使用，以便产生用于车辆100的驱动力矩。内燃机101和电机102布置为，使得通过相应的驱动马达产生的力矩相加成总驱动力矩，该总驱动力矩例如经由变速器104和变速器104的从动轴108传递到车辆100的一个或多个车轮109上。用于电机102的运行的电能可以蓄存在电蓄能器110中。
车辆100还包括控制单元111(例如马达控制器)，该控制单元设置成，确定所要求的总驱动力矩。所要求的总驱动力矩可以例如由车辆的驾驶员经由加速踏板和/或经由变速器104的调整来预设。例如驾驶员可以操纵加速踏板，以便要求提高的总驱动力矩。控制单元111可以设置成，将所要求的总驱动力矩划分成第一力矩(针对内燃机101)和第二力矩(针对电机102)。换言之，控制单元111可以设置成，根据所要求的总驱动力矩来运行内燃机101和电机102。
在图1a中所示的示例中，车辆100包括双离合变速器104，该双离合变速器具有第一离合器105，该第一离合器设置成，将内燃机101的驱动轴107与通向变速器104的第一子变速器125的第一输入轴115耦联或与其解耦。此外，变速器104具有第二离合器106，该第二离合器设置成，将内燃机101的驱动轴107与通向变速器104的第二子变速器126的第二输入轴116耦联或与其解耦。
第一输入轴115和第二输入轴116通常是彼此同轴的。尤其是，第一输入轴115可以是实心轴，该实心轴被构造为空心轴的第二输入轴116包围。第一输入轴115可以经由第一子变速器125(并且以在该第一子变速器中所调整到的挡位)与从动轴108耦联。此外，第二输入轴115可以经由第二子变速器126(并且以在该第二子变速器中所调整到的挡位)与从动轴108耦联。例如，通过第一子变速器125可以提供奇数挡位(例如1、3、5等)，而通过第二子变速器126可以提供偶数挡位(例如2、4、6等)。第一和/或第二子变速器125、126通常具有一个或多个切换元件103，经由所述切换元件可以自动地挂入相应的子变速器125、126的不同的挡位和/或经由所述切换元件可以将相应的子变速器125、126置于中性位置(没有挂入挡位)。在中性位置中，通常子变速器125、126的输入轴115、116与从动轴108解耦。
混合动力驱动装置的电机102能够是以结构空间高效的方式与所述两个子变速器125、126中的一个子变速器可耦联的，或连接在所述两个子变速器125、12中的仅一个子变速器上。尤其是，电机102可以是直接地与所述两个子变速器125、126中的一个子变速器的输入轴115、116可耦联的。此外，电机102可以布置为，使得与相应另一个子变速器125、126的输入轴115、116的耦联只能经由离合器105、106实现。
图1b示出具有并行混合动力驱动装置的车辆100，在该并行混合动力驱动装置中，所述两个马达101、102的驱动力矩相加地作用到变速器104的共同的输入轴上。此外，图1b示出离合器114，变速器104可以利用该离合器与内燃机101解耦。
图1c示出具有车桥混合动力驱动装置的车辆100，在该车桥混合动力驱动装置中，内燃机101和电机102驱动车辆100的不同的车桥。换言之，所述两个马达101、102的驱动力矩作用在车辆100的不同的车桥上。
图1d示出具有P1架构的并行混合动力驱动装置的车辆100，在该P1架构的并行混合动力驱动装置中，电机102直接地作用到曲轴107上，而不存在处于电机102和内燃机101之间的分离离合器。
混合动力驱动装置的内燃机101可以至少暂时停用，例如在混合动力驱动装置的(必要时单纯)电动运行时和/或当车辆100的所述一个或多个车轮109驱动从动轴108时。停用的内燃机101的驱动轴107因此可以在不燃烧拖曳运行中被电机102和/或被车辆100的所述一个或多个车轮109驱动和/或带动转动。内燃机101的不燃烧拖曳运行具有以下优点：内燃机101可以短时间地且以高效的方式被再次燃烧，以便提供驱动转矩用于车辆100的总驱动。但在此，通过电机102和/或通过车辆100的一个或多个车轮109对内燃机101的拖曳导致相对高的拖曳损耗。
为了减小内燃机101的拖曳力矩可以实施一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施。例如可以将内燃机101的一个或多个缸切断。替代地或补充地，可以适配内燃机101的进气门和/或排气门的打开角度和/或关闭角度和/或气门行程，以便减小拖曳力矩。但为了内燃机101的燃烧，通常需要在准备燃烧时将所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施再次结束。
内燃机101的不燃烧拖曳运行因此可以被这样转换，即，能够从内燃机101的不燃烧拖曳运行过渡到内燃机101的燃烧运行中。但不燃烧拖曳运行带有内燃机101的相对高的拖曳力矩并且因此引起相对高的损耗。替代地，可以选择带有一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的运行方式。内燃机101的这种拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧拖曳运行可以导致：在过渡到内燃机101的燃烧运行中时，该内燃机的拖曳力矩由于为此所需要的关于不燃烧拖曳运行的过渡而短时间升高，然后紧接着可以转变到燃烧运行中。此外，不燃烧拖曳运行的离开可以导致：随着内燃机101的燃烧立刻产生正的驱动转矩，这对于车辆100的驾驶员可被感觉为不舒适的并且因此要被电机102补偿。为了补偿短时间提高的拖曳力矩，可以由电机102预留附加的转矩储备。
为了离开内燃机101的拖曳力矩优化的推力切断，可以这样操控内燃机101的进气门和/或排气门的打开角度和/或关闭角度和/或气门行程，使得内燃机101的最小的、燃烧的基本转矩关于在内燃机101上所需的曲轴转矩不超出通过电机101可提供的发电机式的转矩。在***内燃机101的燃烧时，电机102可以这样补偿基本转矩，使得混合动力驱动装置的所产生的驱动转矩继续符合驾驶员期望。在将内燃机101再激活之后，总驱动转矩可以再次按标准分配到电机102和内燃机101上。
图2示出内燃机101的力矩200的示例性的变化曲线211。在此，内燃机101在不燃烧运行中具有满的拖曳力矩201或在激活一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的情况下具有减小的拖曳力矩202。在时间点221上可以促使：离开拖曳减小的不燃烧运行。然后可以结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施，这导致拖曳力矩提高到满的拖曳力矩201。同步于所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束，可以促使电机102产生正的转矩200(参见变化曲线212)，从而至少部分地或优选完全地补偿内燃机101的拖曳力矩的提高。则根据转矩变化曲线213得到作用到所述一个或多个车轮109上的总力矩。
要指出的是，在图2中仅示出附加的转矩，该附加的转矩通过电机102在内燃机101的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行结束时提供以用于补偿。此外，可以由电机102提供驱动力矩，图2中所示的时间变化曲线212可以与该驱动力矩叠加。
在时间点223上，可以(在所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施结束之后)开始内燃机101的燃烧，由此通常通过内燃机101产生正的基本转矩204。内燃机101的燃烧因此通常导致正的最小转矩或基本转矩204。电机102可以用于至少部分地且优选完全地补偿所述正的基本转矩204，其方式为，将电机102作为发动机运行(参见在时间点223和时间点224之间的变化曲线212)。
在时间点225，可以由混合动力驱动装置的用户、尤其是由车辆100的驾驶员要求(必要时附加的)正的驱动力矩(例如通过操纵加速踏板)。由电机102产生的(负的)补偿力矩则可以减小(例如减小到零)，如图2中示例性地示出。此外，必要时可以将总驱动力矩分配到电机102和/或内燃机101上。
内燃机101的燃烧可以这样进行，使得正的基本转矩204尽可能仅这样小，使得基本转矩204可以由电机102以发电机式的转矩补偿并且在此产生的电功率可以被电蓄能器110接纳。尤其是，内燃机的点燃可以相对晚地进行(“向晚期移动”)，以便减小由内燃机101产生的基本转矩204。因此，也可以减小针对电机102的预留量214，该预留量必须被预留，以便能实现从内燃机101的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行到燃烧运行中的均匀过渡。在此，可以进行所有缸的燃烧或仅特定部分量的缸的燃烧，由此可以产生不同的基本转矩变化曲线。
图3示出示例性的用于运行混合动力驱动装置、尤其是在离开拖曳力矩优化的推力切断时或在离开内燃机101的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行时运行混合动力驱动装置的方法300的流程图。方法300可以通过混合动力驱动装置的控制单元111或车辆100的控制单元实施。
方法300包括：在准备内燃机101的燃烧时结束301内燃机101的一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施。在此，所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施可以是这样的，使得必须结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施，然后才可以将内燃机101再次燃烧，即然后才可以再次将燃料喷射到内燃机101中，以便至少产生基本转矩204。
此外，方法300包括：运行302电机102，以便至少部分地或必要时完全地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施产生的内燃机101的拖曳力矩的提高。
通过在本文件中所描述的各方面，可以减小电机102中的为了离开内燃机101的不燃烧运行所需的转矩预留量214。电机102中的减小的转矩预留量214能实现：使内燃机101的不燃烧运行以相对小的拖曳力矩在延长的时间段上得到维持，因为电机102由于转矩预留量214减小而可以提供更多功率用于行驶任务并且此外在回收运行中将更多能量充到电蓄存器110中。替代地或补充地可以实现，内燃机102在从推力切断出来之后以较高的基本转矩204启动并且因此具有改善的效率，这减小了混合动力驱动装置的总消耗。
本发明不局限于所示的实施例。尤其是要注意的是，说明书和附图仅应说明所提出的方法、装置和***的原理。

Claims (11)

1.用于混合动力驱动装置的控制单元(111)，所述混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机(101)和电机(102)；其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-促使在准备所述内燃机(101)的燃烧时结束所述内燃机(101)的一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施；并且
-促使所述电机(102)至少部分地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施所产生的所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩的提高。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制单元(111)，其中，
-通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施产生所述内燃机(101)的附加的第一拖曳力矩；并且
-所述控制单元(111)设置成，促使所述电机(102)将由所述电机(102)所产生的转矩提高如下值，所述值位于所述附加的第一拖曳力矩的50％和100％之间、尤其是为所述附加的第一拖曳力矩的100％。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-求取如下时间变化曲线(211)，所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩在结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的情况下以所述时间变化曲线改变；并且
-根据所述时间变化曲线(211)适配由所述电机(102)所产生的用于至少部分地补偿所述附加的拖曳力矩的转矩。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-紧接着所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施的结束而促使所述内燃机(101)燃烧，从而通过所述内燃机(101)产生基本转矩(204)；并且
-促使所述电机(102)至少部分地补偿所述基本转矩(204)和/或至少部分地补偿从所述拖曳力矩至所述内燃机(101)的基本转矩(204)的过渡。
5.根据权利要求4所述的控制单元(111)，其中，
-所述控制单元(111)设置成，引起一个或多个减小转矩的措施以用于减小所述内燃机(101)的基本转矩(204)；并且
-所述一个或多个减小转矩的措施尤其是包括改变用于点燃所述内燃机(101)的点燃时间点。
6.根据权利要求4至5中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-求取由所述电机(102)能提供的补偿力矩；并且
-根据所述能提供的补偿力矩引起一个或多个减小转矩的或提高转矩的措施以用于减小或提高所述基本转矩(204)。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-紧接着所述内燃机(101)的燃烧的复位而确定所要求的驱动力矩；并且
-将所述驱动力矩划分为要由所述内燃机(101)带来的转矩和要由所述电机(102)带来的转矩。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-确定：在考虑到转矩预留量(204)的情况下，所要求的驱动力矩是否能够通过所述电机(102)带来，所述转矩预留量用于至少部分地补偿在离开所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行时由所述内燃机(101)所产生的转矩的时间变化曲线(211)；并且
-当确定了：所要求的驱动力矩无法通过所述电机(102)带来时，则准备所述内燃机(101)的燃烧和/或促使离开所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述控制单元(111)设置成，
-求取从所述内燃机(101)出发从拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行直至燃烧运行所产生的转矩(200)的时间变化曲线(211)；并且
-根据由所述内燃机(101)产生的转矩(200)的时间变化曲线(211)来求取要由所述电机(102)产生的转矩(200)的时间变化曲线(212)，尤其是这样根据由所述内燃机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线来求取要由所述电机产生的转矩的时间变化曲线，使得得到总转矩的连续的时间变化曲线(213)。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的控制单元(111)，其中，所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施包括，
-切断所述内燃机(101)的一个或多个缸；和/或
-适配所述内燃机(101)的至少一个进气门和/或排气门的打开角度和/或关闭角度；和/或
-适配所述内燃机(101)的至少一个进气门和/或排气门的打开行程。
11.用于在离开所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩减小的不燃烧运行时运行混合动力驱动装置的方法(300)，所述混合动力驱动装置包括内燃机(101)和电机(102)；其中，所述方法(300)包括，
-在准备所述内燃机(101)的燃烧时结束(301)所述内燃机(101)的一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施；并且
-运行(302)所述电机(102)，以便至少部分地补偿通过结束所述一个或多个减小拖曳力矩的措施所产生的所述内燃机(101)的拖曳力矩的提高。
CN201980069088.3A 2018-12-04 2019-11-13 控制单元和用于运行具有拖曳力矩减小的内燃机的混合动力驱动装置的方法 Pending CN112867649A (zh)

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