CN112864370A - Surface modification method of high-nickel ternary cathode material and modified material - Google Patents
Surface modification method of high-nickel ternary cathode material and modified material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface modification method of a high-nickel ternary cathode material, which relates to the technical field of cathode materials and comprises the following steps: s1, mixing the high-nickel ternary precursor, a lithium source and a metal compound, calcining to obtain a doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material, dispersing the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material in water, adding an EDTA solution while stirring, slowly adding an F salt solution, stirring, filtering and drying to obtain a modified cathode material; s2, ultrasonically dispersing the solid electrolyte material in an alkane solvent to form a suspension, then adding the positive electrode material prepared in the S1 into the suspension, and ultrasonically crushing, centrifuging and drying to prepare the final modified material. The invention also provides a high-nickel ternary cathode material obtained by the modification method. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is simple, the raw materials are rich, the energy consumption is low, the production process is safe and reliable, the production cost is low, and the large-scale production is easy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anode materials, in particular to a surface modification method of a high-nickel ternary anode material and a modified material.
Background
The high-nickel ternary cathode material has higher energy density and is considered as the most promising cathode material of the lithium ion battery, but the sensitivity of the surface of the material to air is higher along with the increase of the nickel content, and Li exposed on the surface of the material is provided+Is easy to react with H in the air2O and CO2Reaction to LiOH and Li2CO3. Compared with a medium-low nickel ternary cathode material, a residual alkali reducing process is indispensable in the preparation link of the high nickel cathode material, wherein one of the residual alkali reducing measures is wet residual alkali reducing, and as disclosed in the patent application with the publication number of CN109065857A, a treatment method for reducing the residual alkali on the surface of the high nickel material is disclosed, but the wet residual alkali reducing can generate negative effects, for example, ions in the material are dissolved out, so that the original structure of the material is damaged, the mechanical strength is reduced, and the environmental pollution is caused; secondly, a layer of oxide with chemical inertness is formed on the surface of the material, which is not beneficial to the transmission of lithium ions and increases the impedance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the prior art is easy to damage the original structure of the material and influence the performance of the material by a lithium ion high nickel battery anode material surface residual alkali treatment method, and provides a surface modification method of a high nickel ternary anode material and the material obtained after modification.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
a surface modification method of a high-nickel ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the high-nickel ternary precursor, a lithium source and a metal compound, calcining to obtain a doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material, dispersing the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material in water, adding an EDTA solution while stirring, slowly adding an F salt solution, stirring, filtering and drying to obtain a modified cathode material;
s2, ultrasonically dispersing the solid electrolyte material in an alkane solvent to form a suspension, then adding the positive electrode material prepared in the S1 into the suspension, and ultrasonically crushing, centrifuging and drying to prepare the final modified material.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the nano metal compound is added in the calcining process, metal ions can be doped into the matrix material in the sintering process, the structural stability of the matrix material is improved, and thus the dissolution of the metal ions in the washing process is reduced, meanwhile, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) can be added in the washing process to complex the dissolved metal ions, and the addition of F salt can combine the metal ions complexed in the EDTA and the dissolved Li+So that the generated precipitate is coated on the surface of the material, the mode can reduce the structural damage caused by the dissolution of ions, can also reduce the water pollution, and can also cover a protective layer on the surface of the material.
According to the invention, the solid electrolyte material is coated on the surface of the material in an ultrasonic mode, and the coating layer has lithium ion conductivity, so that the transmission of lithium ions is facilitated, the impedance of the material is reduced, and the power characteristic of the whole battery system can be improved.
The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary cathode material is simple, rich in raw materials, low in energy consumption, safe and reliable in production process, low in production cost and easy for large-scale production.
Preferably, the high-nickel ternary precursor in step S1 is NixCoyMn1-x-y(OH)2(x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 1.0) or NixCoyMn1-x-yCO3(x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 1.0); the lithium source is Li2CO3LiOH or CH3One or more of COOLi, wherein the high nickel ternary precursor D503-12 μm; the molar ratio of the lithium source to the high-nickel ternary precursor is 0.95-1.09: 1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the lithium source to the high-nickel ternary precursor is 0.99-1.06: 1.
Preferably, the metal compound in step S1 is one or more of oxides of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Mo, W, Nb, V, Ge, Si, La and B; the mass ratio of the metal element in the metal compound to the doped modified high-nickel ternary positive electrode material is 1-5: 1000-10000.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the metal elements in the metal compound to the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material is 3-5: 1000-10000.
Preferably, the calcination temperature in the step S1 is 750-850 ℃, and the calcination time is 12-24 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material to water in the step S1 is 1-3: 1.
Preferably, the solution of F salt in step S1 is NaF, KF, BeF2、NH4One or more of F and AgF; wherein the concentration of EDTA is 0.0001-0.001 mol/L, and the concentration of F salt solution is 0.0005-0.02 mol/L.
Preferably, after the salt solution F is added in the step S1, the stirring time is 5-30 min, the drying temperature is 110 ℃, and the drying time is 15-24 h.
Preferably, the solid electrolyte material in the step S2 is LiaMXbWherein M is one or more of Dy, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Ga, In and Y systems, X is one or more of F, Cl and Br, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 13.
Preferably, M is one or more of Ga, In, Sc, Y, La and Ho systems.
Preferably, in the step S2, the solid electrolyte material is ultrasonically crushed at high power and then dispersed in an alkane solvent to form a suspension, wherein the power of the ultrasonic crushing at high power is 300-500W, the ultrasonic treatment is stopped for 3S for 8S, and the time is 20-40 min; and adding the cathode material prepared in the step S1 into the suspension, and then carrying out low-power ultrasonic crushing, wherein the power of the low-power ultrasonic crushing is 150-250W, the ultrasonic treatment is stopped for 4S, and the time is 20-40 min.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step S2 is 100-150 ℃, and the time is 15-24 h.
The invention also provides a high-nickel ternary cathode material obtained by the modification method.
Has the advantages that: the first discharge specific capacity of the high-nickel ternary cathode material 0.2C obtained by the invention reaches 206.3 mAh.g-1。
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the nano metal compound is added in the calcining process, metal ions can be doped into the matrix material in the sintering process, the structural stability of the matrix material is improved, and thus the dissolution of the metal ions in the washing process is reduced, meanwhile, EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) can be added in the washing process to complex the dissolved metal ions, and the addition of F salt can combine the metal ions complexed in the EDTA and the dissolved Li+So that the generated precipitate is coated on the surface of the material, the mode can reduce the structural damage caused by the dissolution of ions, can also reduce the water pollution, and can also cover a protective layer on the surface of the material.
According to the invention, the solid electrolyte material is coated on the surface of the material in an ultrasonic mode, and the coating layer has lithium ion conductivity, so that the transmission of lithium ions is facilitated, the impedance of the material is reduced, and the power characteristic of the whole battery system can be improved.
The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary cathode material is simple, rich in raw materials, low in energy consumption, safe and reliable in production process, low in production cost and easy for large-scale production.
The first discharge specific capacity of the high-nickel ternary cathode material 0.2C obtained by the invention reaches 206.3 mAh.g-1。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the magnification at 0.2C, 0.33C, 1C, 0.2C and 50 cycles at 1C for example 1 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 3.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Test materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples can be performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification.
Example 1
The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary cathode material comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the high nickel ternary precursor Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2With a lithium source of LiOH and with addition of ZrO2、MgO、TiO2Mixing, then putting into a high-temperature furnace for calcination at 780 ℃ for 15h to obtain the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2Wherein the molar ratio of the lithium source to the high-nickel ternary precursor is 1.01:1, m (Zr), m (Mg), m (Ti), m (Ni)0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2) 2:1:1: 2000; 50g of the doped and modified high-nickel ternary cathode material is dispersed in 50ml of water, 100ml of 0.1mol/L EDTA solution is added while stirring, and 100ml of 0.2mol/L NH is slowly added4Stirring the aqueous solution of F for reacting for 20min, filtering, washing, and drying at 110 ℃ for 24h to obtain a modified positive electrode material;
s2, mixing 0.05g solid electrolyte material Li3ScCl6Ultrasonically dispersing in 50ml of n-hexane to form a suspension, ultrasonically treating for 30min at 400W for 8s and stopping for 3s, then adding the anode material prepared in 50g S1 into the suspension, ultrasonically crushing for 20min at 150W, ultrasonically treating for 8s and stopping for 4s, centrifuging, and drying for 24h at 130 ℃ to obtain the final modified material.
Example 2
The experimental procedure was as described in example 1, wherein m (Zr), m (Mg), m (Ti), m (Ni) in step 1 were adjusted0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2) Other conditions were as in example 1, 5:1:2:1000The same is said.
Example 3
The experimental procedure was as described in example 1, wherein the concentration of the EDTA solution in step 1 was adjusted to 0.0001mol/L, NH4The concentration of the aqueous solution of F was 0.0005mol/L, and the other conditions were the same as those described in example 1.
Example 4
The experimental procedure was as described in example 1, wherein the solid electrolyte material Li in step 2 was adjusted3ScCl6Was 0.25g, and the other conditions were the same as those described in example 1.
Example 5
The experimental procedure was as described in example 1, wherein the metal compound in step 1 was adjusted to WO3、MoO2、Al2O3，m(W):m(Mo):m(Al):m(Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2) Other conditions were the same as described in example 1, 2:2:1: 2000.
Comparative example 1
High nickel ternary precursor Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2With a lithium source of LiOH and with addition of ZrO2、MgO、TiO2Mixing, then putting into a high-temperature furnace for calcination at 780 ℃ for 15h to obtain the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2Wherein the lithium source is mixed with a precursor Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2In a molar ratio of 1.01:1, m (Zr), m (Mg), m (Ti), m (Ni)0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2)＝2:1:1:2000。
Comparative example 2
High nickel ternary precursor Ni0.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2With a lithium source of LiOH and with addition of ZrO2、MgO、TiO2Mixing, then putting into a high-temperature furnace for calcination at 780 ℃ for 15h to obtain the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2Wherein the lithium source is in contact with a high nickel ternary precursorThe molar ratio of m (Zr) m (Mg) m (Ti) m (Ni) to m (Ni) is 1.01:10.85Co0.1Mn0.05(OH)2) 2:1:1: 2000; 50g of high-nickel-doped modified ternary cathode material LiNi0.85Co0.1Mn0.05O2Dispersed in 50ml of water, 100ml of a 0.1mol/L EDTA solution was added with stirring, while 100ml of 0.2mol/L NH was slowly added4And F, stirring the aqueous solution to react for 20min, filtering, washing, and drying at 110 ℃ for 24h to obtain the modified cathode material.
Experimental data and analysis
The finished products prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were used as positive electrode materials, lithium sheets as negative electrodes, superconducting carbon black Super P as a conductive agent, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as a solvent. Grinding the high-nickel ternary material and the superconducting carbon black Super P, adding the ground high-nickel ternary material and the superconducting carbon black Super P into a solution of N-methylpyrrolidone dissolved with polyvinylidene fluoride, wherein the mass ratio of the high-nickel ternary material to the Super P to the PVDF is 8:1:1, stirring for 2 hours, coating the mixture on the surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 20 mu m, and then drying in vacuum for 20 hours at the temperature of 110 ℃. Rolling the dried pole piece, slicing, weighing, and assembling with metal lithium sheet and diaphragm prepared by wet process in glove box under argon atmosphere to obtain CR2016 type button cell with electrolyte of 1.0mol/L LiPF6/EC+DEC+EMC。
Electrochemical performance tests were performed on the assembled button cells, and the detailed data are shown in table 1, and the rate curves (0.2C, 0.33C, 1C, 0.2C) and the 50-week cycle curve at 1C are shown in fig. 1.
Table 1 shows the data of the test for the power-on test of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2
According to the electrochemical data, firstly, compared with comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, the first specific discharge capacity of 0.2C of the material after water washing is slightly increased, the first coulombic efficiency is improved by 2%, but the material cycle performance after water washing is reduced, and the cycle curve can be used for realizing the purpose of improving the cycle performance of the materialAs a result, the capacity increase disappeared after washing with water, indicating that LiOH and Li on the surface2CO3The reduction of the content is beneficial to reducing the polarization of the material. Comparing example 1 with comparative example 2, the material with ionic conductivity is coated on the basis of water washing, the electrical property of the material is obviously improved, and the first discharge specific capacity of 0.2C reaches 206.3 mAh.g-1The first coulombic efficiency is close, the multiplying power performance is improved, and the cycle performance is also improved compared with the ratio 2, which shows that after the ion conducting layer is coated on the surface after water washing, the lithium ion transmission is facilitated, and the impedance of the material is reduced.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes, omissions and deviations in the form and detail thereof may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, which are equivalent to the embodiments of the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and which may be made by utilizing the techniques disclosed above; meanwhile, any changes, modifications and alterations of the above embodiments with equivalent changes and alterations made according to the actual techniques of the present invention are also within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A surface modification method of a high-nickel ternary cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the high-nickel ternary precursor, a lithium source and a metal compound, calcining to obtain a doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material, dispersing the doped modified high-nickel ternary cathode material in water, adding an EDTA solution while stirring, slowly adding an F salt solution, stirring, filtering and drying to obtain a modified cathode material;
s2, ultrasonically dispersing the solid electrolyte material in an alkane solvent to form a suspension, then adding the positive electrode material prepared in the S1 into the suspension, and ultrasonically crushing, centrifuging and drying to prepare the final modified material.
2. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the high-nickel ternary precursor is NixCoyMn1-x-y(OH)2(x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 1.0) or NixCoyMn1-x-yCO3(x is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 1.0); the lithium source is Li2CO3LiOH or CH3One or more of COOLi, wherein the high nickel ternary precursor D503-12 μm; the molar ratio of the lithium source to the high-nickel ternary precursor is 0.95-1.09: 1.
3. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the metal compound is one or a mixture of several of oxides of Al, Mg, Ti, Zr, Mo, W, Nb, V, Ge, Si, La and B; the mass ratio of the metal element in the metal compound to the doped modified high-nickel ternary positive electrode material is 1-5: 1000-10000.
4. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the calcining temperature is 750-850 ℃, and the time is 12-24 h.
5. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the doped modified high-nickel ternary positive electrode material to water in the step S1 is 1-3: 1.
6. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the F salt solution in the step S1 is NaF, KF or BeF2、NH4One or more of F and AgF; wherein the concentration of EDTA is 0.0001-0.001 mol/L, and the concentration of F salt solution is 0.0005-0.02 mol/L.
7. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 6, characterized in that: and (S1) adding the salt solution F, stirring for 5-30 min, drying at 110 ℃ for 15-24 h.
8. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solid electrolyte material in the step S2 is LiaMXbWherein M is one or more of Dy, Gd, Ho, La, Nd, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Ga, In and Y systems, X is one or more of F, Cl and Br, a is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 10, and b is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 13.
9. The surface modification method of the high-nickel ternary positive electrode material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the solid electrolyte material is dispersed in an alkane solvent to form a suspension after being subjected to high-power ultrasonic crushing, wherein the power of the high-power ultrasonic crushing is 300-500W, the ultrasonic treatment is stopped for 3S for 8S, and the time is 20-40 min; and adding the cathode material prepared in the step S1 into the suspension, and then carrying out low-power ultrasonic crushing, wherein the power of the low-power ultrasonic crushing is 150-250W, the ultrasonic treatment is stopped for 4S, and the time is 20-40 min.
10. A high nickel ternary positive electrode material obtained by the modification method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN114956208A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | High-nickel ternary cathode material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in battery preparation |
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