CN112858017B - Test device and test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments - Google Patents
Test device and test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments Download PDFInfo
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- CN112858017B CN112858017B CN202110008724.0A CN202110008724A CN112858017B CN 112858017 B CN112858017 B CN 112858017B CN 202110008724 A CN202110008724 A CN 202110008724A CN 112858017 B CN112858017 B CN 112858017B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device and a test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments. The test device mainly comprises a support, a chassis, a steel shell, a test cylinder, a liquid nitrogen cylinder, a top cover, a liquid inlet and outlet pipe, a hydraulic pump, a temperature sensor, a heating control system, a cooling control system and a sample placing table. The indoor test method for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment solves the technical problem that the existing equipment cannot simulate the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment at the same time, reduces the influence of human factors in the test process on the microscopic structural characteristics of the test piece, and can provide reference for multi-field coupling test of the western reservoir bank slope rock mass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of indoor rock tests, relates to a test device for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, and further relates to a test method of the test device.
Background
The periodic soaking of the reservoir water and the alternate reciprocating action of the seasonal freezing thawing damage are key problems for restricting the long-term stability of the side slope excavated by the reservoir area of the western hydropower engineering. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing cycle and the shoreside excavation rock mass under the alternating reciprocating environment of the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing cycle are researched by means of an indoor test, theoretical references can be provided for the engineering design and deformation analysis and long-term stability evaluation of the reservoir excavation shoreside in the western season frozen region, and the mechanical mechanism of freeze thawing damage and water drive instability of the shoreside excavation rock mass of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir in the western season frozen region can be revealed by means of the test.
At present, for the simulation of repeated bearing soaking and freeze thawing cycle occurrence environments of rock mass, most of test methods of bearing soaking and freeze thawing cycle are adopted. The dynamic penetration erosion problem suffered by the excavation of the rock mass of the bank slope is not considered in combination with the change of the reservoir water level, and the alternate and reciprocal erosion problem of soaking and freeze thawing is not considered in combination with the seasonal freeze thawing environment, so that the real occurrence environment of the excavation of the rock mass of the bank slope of the reservoir in the western season is difficult to accurately simulate.
On the basis of considering the change of the reservoir water level and the derivative high osmotic pressure, the osmotic pressure difference is realized by means of the two hydraulic pumps arranged on the side face of the test cylinder, so that dynamic pressure-bearing water flow is forced to be formed in the test cylinder, and the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking environment suffered by the rock mass excavation of the wading bank slope under the influence of reservoir water dip is simulated. The test piece subjected to the dynamic osmotic pressure is taken as an object, and a freezing and thawing environment is built by utilizing liquid nitrogen, an electric heating wire and a temperature control system, so that the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freezing and thawing environment and the alternate reciprocating action of the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freezing and thawing environment are comprehensively simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test device for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, solves the technical problem that the existing equipment cannot simulate the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments at the same time, reduces the influence of human factors in the test process on the microscopic structural characteristics of a test piece, and can provide thought for multi-field coupling test of a western reservoir bank slope rock mass.
The invention further aims to provide an indoor test method for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the test device for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment comprises a support of a bearing device, wherein the test device is supported on the ground by the support, and the support is connected with the ground by bolts; the chassis is provided with a liquid discharge pipe and a plurality of annular grooves. The steel shell and the plurality of cylinder bodies are embedded in the annular groove of the chassis; four test cylinders and a liquid nitrogen cylinder are arranged in the steel shell, and a liquid inlet pipe is arranged at the top of each cylinder; the steel shell is provided with a top cover, and the height of the steel shell is lower than that of each cylinder body; and the test piece freezing by taking liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature source is realized by taking the temperature-conducting salt water filled in the steel shell as a conducting medium. The test cylinder is internally provided with a sample placing table and an L-shaped groove, and the sample placing table is placed into the test cylinder along the L-shaped groove to be fixed; two hydraulic pumps are arranged outside the test cylinder, a temperature sensor and an electric heating wire are arranged in the test cylinder, the temperature sensor and the electric heating wire are connected with a temperature rising control system, and the liquid nitrogen cylinder is connected with a temperature lowering control system.
The first technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that:
the test cylinder is internally provided with a sample placing table, and four omega-shaped clamps are arranged on the sample placing table, so that four test pieces can be placed simultaneously for testing. The omega-shaped clamp is welded on the sample placing table by a steel sheet, has a certain height from the sample placing table surface, and is provided with a foam cushion on the inner side.
Wherein, the inner wall of the test cylinder is provided with an L-shaped groove, and the sample placing table is placed into the test cylinder along the L-shaped groove.
Wherein, the outside of the test cylinder is provided with two hydraulic pumps which are communicated with the test cylinder through a conduit.
Wherein, the test cylinder is internally provided with an electric heating wire and a temperature sensor.
Wherein, the top cover of the test cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet pipeline, and the bottom of the test cylinder is provided with a liquid outlet pipeline.
Wherein, the top cover of the liquid nitrogen cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet pipeline, and the bottom is provided with a liquid discharge pipeline.
Wherein the top cover of the steel shell is provided with a liquid inlet pipeline, and the bottom of the steel shell is provided with a liquid outlet pipeline.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the indoor test method for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment comprises the following specific operation steps:
step one, a selected test piece is fixed on a sample placing table by using an omega-shaped clamp, and the sample placing table is placed into a test cylinder through an L-shaped groove to be fixed. Slowly filling water into the test cylinder, and then installing the top cover.
Setting a target pressure value through a hydraulic pump, and then pressurizing water in the test cylinder; setting differential pressure for two hydraulic pumps outside the test cylinder to reach the target differential pressure; by utilizing the liquid suction and discharge functions of the hydraulic pump, the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking environment is simulated in a mode of pressing out on the water body and pressing out on the water body. .
Step three, arranging an electric heating wire in the test cylinder, and communicating a power supply to heat the water body in the cylinder; a temperature sensor is arranged in the cylinder and is connected with a temperature rise control system; after the temperature reaches the target value, the temperature is kept stable as required.
Fifthly, filling heat-conducting brine outside the test cylinder, and freezing a test piece taking liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature source by taking the heat-conducting brine filled in the steel shell as a conducting medium; after the target temperature is reached by the cooling control system, the temperature is kept stable as required.
And step six, determining a pressure target value, a freeze thawing temperature amplitude and freeze thawing cycle times according to the requirements, and carrying out corresponding tests. After the test is finished, firstly recovering the temperature in the steel shell and the test cylinder to room temperature, then removing the pressure in the test cylinder, then unsealing the top cover, and taking out the sample placing table to remove the test piece.
The second technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that:
wherein, omega shape anchor clamps are with the steel sheet welding on putting the appearance platform, have certain distance from putting appearance platform surface.
Wherein, the inner side of the omega-shaped clamp is provided with a foam cushion to protect the test piece from external force.
The test device for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment has the advantages that the hydraulic pump, the heating control system and the cooling control system can realize the comprehensive simulation of the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment on one device, the technical problem that the existing device can not simulate the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environment at the same time is solved, the influence of human factors in the test process on the microscopic structural characteristics of a test piece is reduced, and an analysis idea can be provided for multi-field coupling test of the bank slope rock mass of a western reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall top view of the device;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction 1-1 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction 2-2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a test cylinder;
fig. 5 is a front view of the sample station.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a liquid inlet pipe, 2, bolts, 3, a top cover, 4, a hydraulic pump, 5, an electric heating wire, 6, a sample placing table, 7, a steel shell, 8, a temperature sensor, 9, a test cylinder, 10, a liquid nitrogen cylinder, 11, a chassis, 12, a liquid discharge pipe, 13, a support, 14, a cooling control system, 15, a heating control system, 16, an omega-shaped clamp, 17, an L-shaped groove, 18 and a steel shell top cover.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, and particularly relates to a test device and a test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments.
The invention relates to a test device for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, which has the structure shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a support 13 for supporting and placing the device, wherein the test device is placed on the ground by supporting the support, and the support is connected with the ground by bolts; the chassis 11 is provided with a liquid discharge pipe, and the chassis 11 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves. The steel shell 7 and the plurality of cylinder bodies are embedded in the annular groove of the chassis; four test cylinders 9 and a liquid nitrogen cylinder 10 are arranged in the steel shell 7, and a liquid inlet pipe 1 is arranged at the top of each cylinder; the steel shell 7 is provided with a top cover 18, and the height of the steel shell is lower than that of each cylinder body; and the test piece freezing by taking liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature source is realized by taking the temperature-conducting salt water filled in the steel shell as a conducting medium. A sample placing table 6 (shown in fig. 4) and an L-shaped groove 17 are arranged in the test cylinder 9, and the sample placing table 6 is placed into the test cylinder 9 along the L-shaped groove 17 for fixation; two hydraulic pumps 4 are arranged on the outer side of the test cylinder 9, a temperature sensor 8 and an electric heating wire 5 are arranged in the test cylinder 9, the temperature sensor 8 and the electric heating wire 5 are connected with a temperature rising control system 15, and a liquid nitrogen cylinder 10 is connected with a temperature lowering control system 14.
The test piece is fixed on the sample placing table by using an omega-shaped clamp 16, and the height of the omega-shaped clamp 16 is 50mm; the sponge cushion is arranged on the inner side of the omega-shaped clamp 16, so that the test piece at the position of the clamp can be ensured to fully contact with the water body.
The sample placing table rotates anticlockwise after being placed in the test cylinder along the L-shaped groove, as shown in fig. 4, so that the sample placing table is ensured to be placed in the test cylinder stably and does not shake.
Wherein the bottom of the test cylinder, the liquid nitrogen cylinder and the steel shell are tightly connected with the chassis through bolts.
The invention discloses an indoor test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, which comprises the following specific steps:
step one, opening a top cover of a test cylinder, taking out a sample placing table (see fig. 5), fixing a test piece on the sample placing table by utilizing an omega-shaped clamp, enabling the bottom of the test piece to contact the sample placing table, and enabling the omega-shaped clamp to only play a role in fixing the test piece and not to generate external force interference on the test piece.
Step two, firstly placing the sample placing table into a test cylinder along a specific track (see figure 4) for fixing, then slowly adding water into the cylinder, and then installing a top cover; setting a target pressure value through a hydraulic pump, and then pressurizing water in the test cylinder; setting differential pressure for two hydraulic pumps outside the test cylinder to reach the target differential pressure; by utilizing the liquid suction and discharge functions of the hydraulic pump, the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking environment is simulated in a mode of pressing out on the water body and pressing out on the water body.
Step three, for a test piece needing to simulate a freeze thawing environment, communicating heating equipment (see figure 2) during heating, and heating water in the test cylinder; the test cylinder is internally provided with a temperature sensor, and when the temperature reaches a target value, the temperature is kept stable or regulated as required.
Step four, injecting liquid nitrogen into a liquid nitrogen cylinder (see figure 2) when the temperature of a test piece needing to simulate a freezing environment is reduced; the temperature-conducting salt water filled in the steel shell is used as a conducting medium to realize the freezing of a test piece taking liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature source; the test cylinder is internally provided with a temperature sensor, and when the temperature reaches a target value, the temperature is kept stable or regulated as required.
Step five, for the test piece needing to simulate the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking environment, when the step two is completed, the test piece can be taken out from the test cylinder, and the detailed step of taking out the test piece is as follows: (1) Firstly, recovering the temperature in a test cylinder to room temperature, then, removing the pressure of a hydraulic pump, and then, absorbing liquid from the cylinder; (2) Opening a drain pipe bolt (see fig. 2) to drain all the water in the cylinder; (3) The top cover (see fig. 2) is opened, the sample placing table (see fig. 5) is slowly lifted, the omega-shaped clamp is loosened, and the test piece is taken out.
And step six, for a test piece needing to simulate a freeze-thawing cycle environment, determining the amplitude of the freeze-thawing temperature and the freeze-thawing cycle times in advance, after the step three and the step four are completed, recovering the temperatures of the steel shell and the test cylinder to the room temperature, and then opening the top cover to take out the test piece.
And step seven, for the test piece needing to comprehensively simulate the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments, sequentially completing the step two, the step three and the step four according to test requirements, firstly recovering the temperatures of the steel shell and the test cylinder to room temperature, removing the pressure of the hydraulic pump, and then opening the top cover to take out the test piece.
Claims (2)
1. The test device for comprehensively simulating the dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments is characterized by comprising a support (13), a chassis (11), a steel shell (7), a test cylinder (9), a liquid nitrogen cylinder (10), a hydraulic pump (4), a temperature sensor (8), a cooling control system (14), a heating control system (15) and a sample placing table (6), wherein the upper test device is placed on the ground by depending on the support (13), and the support (13) is connected with the ground by bolts; the chassis is provided with a liquid discharge pipe (12), and the chassis (11) is provided with a plurality of annular grooves; the steel shell (7) and the plurality of cylinder bodies are embedded in the annular groove of the chassis; four test cylinders (9) and a liquid nitrogen cylinder (10) are arranged in the steel shell (7), the top of each cylinder is provided with a liquid inlet pipe (1), and the bottom of each cylinder is provided with a liquid discharge pipe (12); the steel shell (7) is provided with a steel shell top cover (18) and the height of the steel shell is lower than that of each cylinder body; the temperature-conducting salt water filled in the steel shell (7) is used as a conducting medium to realize the freezing of a test piece taking liquid nitrogen as a low-temperature source; a sample placing table (6) and an L-shaped groove (17) are arranged in the test cylinder (9), and the sample placing table (6) is placed in the test cylinder (9) along the L-shaped groove (17) for fixation; two hydraulic pumps (4) are arranged on the outer side of the test cylinder (9), a temperature sensor (8) and an electric heating wire (5) are arranged in the test cylinder (9), the temperature sensor (8) and the electric heating wire (5) are connected with a temperature rising control system (15), and a liquid nitrogen cylinder (10) is connected with a temperature lowering control system (14); an omega-shaped clamp (16) for fixing a test piece is arranged in the sample placing table (6), the height of the omega-shaped clamp (16) is 50mm, and a foam cushion is arranged on the inner side of the omega-shaped clamp (16).
2. A test method using the test device for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments according to claim 1, comprising the following operation steps:
s1: fixing a test piece on a sample placing table (6) by using an omega-shaped clamp (16), placing the sample placing table (6) into a test cylinder (9) along an L-shaped groove (17) for fixing, slowly filling water into the test cylinder (9) to enable the test piece to fully contact water, and then installing a top cover of the test cylinder;
s2: setting a target pressure value through a hydraulic pump (4), and then pressurizing water in a test cylinder (9); forming a differential pressure by means of two hydraulic pumps (4) so as to achieve a target differential pressure value; the liquid suction and discharge functions of the hydraulic pump (4) are utilized, and the effect of simulating a dynamic pressure-bearing soaking environment is achieved in a water convection mode;
s3: the temperature control in the test cylinder (9) under the heating condition is realized by utilizing the heating control system (15), the heating wire (5) and the temperature sensor (8), and the temperature control in the test cylinder (9) under the cooling condition is realized by utilizing the cooling control system (14) and the temperature sensor (8); after the test is completed, after the temperature of the test cylinder reaches room temperature and the hydraulic pump pressure is removed, carrying out test piece disassembly work;
the height of the required test piece is 100mm, and the diameter is 50mm; the test piece material is rock or concrete.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110008724.0A CN112858017B (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | Test device and test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110008724.0A CN112858017B (en) | 2021-01-05 | 2021-01-05 | Test device and test method for comprehensively simulating dynamic pressure-bearing soaking and freeze thawing environments |
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| CN112858017A CN112858017A (en) | 2021-05-28 |
| CN112858017B true CN112858017B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114002053A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-02-01 | 湖南水利水电职业技术学院 | Freezing and thawing and loading synchronous test device and test method |
| CN114283668B (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2024-04-26 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Cold district reservoir test system |
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