CN106404549B - A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation experimental provision - Google Patents
A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation experimental provision Download PDFInfo
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- CN106404549B CN106404549B CN201610972423.9A CN201610972423A CN106404549B CN 106404549 B CN106404549 B CN 106404549B CN 201610972423 A CN201610972423 A CN 201610972423A CN 106404549 B CN106404549 B CN 106404549B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation experimental provision, feature includes pressure chamber, vacuum saturation system and carbon dioxide phase converting system.Pressure chamber includes airtight cavity, flat very heavy and heating rod.Airtight cavity is sealed by upper cover plate, confining pressure cylinder and pressure chamber base composition by sealing ring.Confining pressure cylinder side wall uniformly distributed four are flat very heavy, upper cover plate and pressure chamber base it is each fix one it is flat very heavy, heating rod is fixed in pressure chamber base.Vacuum saturation system includes vacuum pump and saturated solution station.Carbon dioxide phase conversion system includes carbon dioxide air source, cooling device and injection pump, and pressurization heating after carbon dioxide cooling liquefaction is converted to supercriticality.Supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation is tested under the conditions of the present invention carries out saturation pore pressure to rock and artificial test specimen, the parameters such as injection pressure, temperature, discharge capacity of fracturing fluid in real-time monitoring fracturing process, crack propagation law is obtained, is the experiment porch for studying supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing mechanism.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic fracturing simulation experiments, and particularly relates to a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device.
Background
A large amount of water resources are consumed in the hydraulic fracturing process, water is not basically used in the anhydrous fracturing technology, the demand pressure on the water resources is relieved, and the hydraulic fracturing technology is not widely applied at present. Conventional fracturing fluids contain water or various chemical agents and residues cause damage to the permeability of the fracture, thereby reducing the fracturing stimulation effect. Supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing techniques have been developed to reduce the damage of conventional fracturing fluids to subterranean formations, particularly low permeability, low pressure, water sensitive hydrocarbon reservoirs. The supercritical carbon dioxide has the characteristics of gas mobility and high density of liquid, can replace clear water to perform fracturing, eliminates the chance of contacting stratum with water, and reduces the damage of water lock and water sensitivity to the stratum in the fracturing process. The supercritical carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing technology has the characteristics of recycling carbon dioxide in the air, not using water and having good fracturing effect, has important significance for reducing environmental pollution and saving water resources, and has guiding significance for oil reservoir development. The technology is successfully applied to a plurality of oil and gas reservoirs abroad, the characteristic that the water-free phase is easy to flow back without residue is proved, and the yield increasing effect of the oil and gas reservoirs can be effectively improved.
The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing technology becomes one of effective measures for developing low-permeability oil and gas fields in China, wherein the geometric form of a fracturing fracture is one of main factors influencing the fracturing operation effect, and the reasonable fracturing operation can extend the fracture in a reservoir stratum without penetrating a permeable stratum and a low-pressure permeable stratum. At the present stage, due to the insufficient understanding of influence factors and an expansion mechanism of the expansion rule of the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing fracture under the fluid-solid coupling condition, the actual fracture form generated by the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing is difficult to directly observe, people mostly adopt an oversimplified two-dimensional or three-dimensional model to simulate the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing process so as to guide the on-site fracturing operation, but the obtained result is greatly different from the actual result. Therefore, the indoor supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing test by simulating the formation conditions is an important means for knowing the crack propagation mechanism, the physical process of simulating the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing can be directly detected, the crack form is observed, the injection pressure, the temperature and the discharge amount of the fracturing fluid in the fracturing process are obtained, and the established numerical model has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device which can perform supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiments on rocks and artificial test pieces under the condition of saturated pore pressure, monitor parameters such as injection pressure, temperature and discharge capacity of fracturing fluid in a fracturing process in real time, obtain a crack propagation rule under the supercritical condition and provide an experiment platform for research of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing mechanism.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device comprises a pressure chamber, a vacuum saturation system, a carbon dioxide phase-state conversion system and the like.
The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device is horizontally arranged.
The pressure chamber consists of a closed cavity, a flat jack and a heating rod. The closed cavity comprises an upper cover plate, a confining pressure cylinder and a pressure chamber base; one end of the confining pressure cylinder is connected with the upper cover plate, and the other end of the confining pressure cylinder is connected with the pressure chamber base; the flat jack comprises a pressure plate, a flat jack base plate and a piston, the top end of the piston is connected with the pressure plate through threads, the pressure plate and the flat jack base plate are separated to form two independent pressure cavities, two oil filling holes are formed in the flat jack base plate and connected with the pressure cavities formed between the piston and the flat jack base plate, and the oil filling holes are connected with the pressure cavities formed between the pressure plate and the flat jack base plate. The upper flat jack and the lower flat jack are respectively fixed on the upper cover plate and the pressure chamber base, and the four flat jacks are fixed on the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder by bolts to form a pressure cavity for placing a test piece in a cubic shape. And hydraulic oil is injected into the flat jack by a manual pump through a hydraulic pipeline to provide three-way confining pressure for the test piece.
The upper cover plate is fixed on the confining pressure cylinder through a support bolt, and the upper cover plate and the confining pressure cylinder are sealed through a sealing ring; the pressure chamber base is fixed on the support bolt, and the pressure chamber base and the confining pressure cylinder are sealed by the sealing ring, so that a closed cavity is formed to provide pore pressure for the test piece.
The heating rods are placed on the pressure chamber base through four heating rods, water in the pressure chamber is heated to the specified temperature, and the water is directly displayed on the display screen of the temperature control panel through the temperature sensor.
The vacuum saturation system is composed of a vacuum pump and a saturated liquid station. The vacuum pump is connected with the sealed pressure chamber through a hydraulic pipeline and used for vacuumizing the pressure chamber, and then saturated liquid is injected into the pressure chamber by using a saturated liquid station to saturate the test piece.
The carbon dioxide phase state conversion system is composed of a carbon dioxide gas source, a cooling device and an injection pump, wherein the carbon dioxide gas is liquefied through the cooling device, then injected into the test piece through the injection pump, and converted into a supercritical state through heating in a pressure chamber.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the confining pressure cylinder, the upper cover plate and the pressure chamber base are sealed through the sealing rings, so that the pressure cavity can reach a sealing state, and therefore, high-pressure liquid medium can be injected into the pressure cavity to provide pore pressure for a test piece; the medium for providing the pore pressure is water, the price is low, the water is easy to obtain, and the water-saving device is safe and environment-friendly. The vacuum pump and the heating rod are arranged, and higher manufacturing process processing equipment is used, so that the pressure chamber can be vacuumized, and liquid can fully permeate into the test piece and saturate the test piece; the simulation maximum temperature is 100 ℃, and the maximum pressure is 50MPa, so that the actual conditions of the fractured stratum are simulated more truly. In addition, the carbon dioxide gas is cooled and liquefied, then is pressurized and heated to be converted into a supercritical state, and is injected into the test piece through the injection pump, so that the fracturing test is carried out by using the liquid carbon dioxide in the supercritical state as fracturing fluid.
According to the supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation test method, supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiments under the saturated pore pressure condition are carried out on rocks and artificial test pieces, parameters such as injection pressure, temperature and discharge capacity of fracturing fluid in the fracturing process are monitored in real time, the whole set of equipment is convenient to operate, and the fracture expansion form range is enlarged under the condition of limited test piece size; the flat jack is fixed on the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder, the upper cover plate and the pressure chamber base, and is connected with the pressure pipeline by using the quick connector, so that the flat jack is convenient to disassemble and assemble quickly.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein,
FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading confining pressure device of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the deployment structure of the flat jack of the present invention.
The reference numbers illustrate: 1. a source of carbon dioxide gas; 2. a cooling device; 3. an injection pump; 4. a heating rod; 5. a saturated liquid station; 6. a vacuum pump; 7. a manual pump; 8. a temperature sensor; 9. a fabrication hole; 10. an upper cover plate; 11. a nut; 12. a bracket bolt; 13. a confining pressure cylinder; 14. a pressure chamber base; 15. a seal ring; 16. a test piece; 17. a valve; 18. a wellbore; 19. a helical line; 20. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, oil holes; 32. a pressure plate; 33. a flat jack panel; 34. a piston.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment apparatus according to the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading confining pressure device of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic view of the deployment structure of the flat jack of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber, a vacuum saturation system, a carbon dioxide phase-state conversion system and the like. The heating rod 4 is placed on a pressure chamber base 14, and a saturated liquid station 5 and a vacuum pump 6 of the vacuum saturation system are connected with the pressure chamber through hydraulic pipelines.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the pressure chamber is composed of a closed cavity, a flat jack and a heating rod 4. The closed cavity comprises an upper cover plate 10, a confining pressure barrel 13 and a pressure chamber base 14, six support bolts 12 are used for connecting the three parts and screwing and fixing 6 nuts 11, a sealing element 15 is used for sealing between the upper cover plate 10 and the confining pressure barrel 13, and a sealing element 15 is used for sealing between the pressure chamber base 14 and the confining pressure barrel 13.
As shown in fig. 4, an upper flat jack and a lower flat jack in the pressure chamber are respectively fixed on the upper cover plate 10 and the pressure chamber base 14, and four lateral flat jacks are fixed on the inner wall of the confining pressure cylinder 13 by bolts to form a pressure chamber for placing a test piece 16 in a cube shape. Further, as shown in fig. 5, the flat jack includes a pressure plate 32, a flat jack base plate 33 and a piston 34, the top end of the piston 34 is connected with the pressure plate 32 through a screw thread, the pressure plate 32 and the flat jack base plate 33 are separated to form two independent pressure chambers, and grooves are respectively formed on the pressure plate and the piston in the flat jack for placing sealing rings to seal the two pressure chambers.
The carbon dioxide phase state conversion system comprises a carbon dioxide gas source 1, a cooling device 2 and an injection pump 3, wherein carbon dioxide gas is liquefied through the cooling device 2, then is pressurized through the injection pump 3 and then is injected into a test piece 16 through a spiral pipeline 19, so that carbon dioxide in the pipeline can be fully heated in water, and a supercritical phase state is maintained.
The working principle of the invention is roughly as follows:
firstly, the hoisting device hoists the upper cover plate 10 by using the four process holes 9, loads the test piece 16 into the pressure cavity, connects the pipeline 19 with the shaft 18, and tightly covers the upper cover plate 10 and the confining pressure cylinder 13 by using the six nuts 11. Starting a vacuum pump 6 to vacuumize the pressure chamber, and then injecting water into the pressure chamber to saturate the test piece; after the water is filled, the heating rod 4 is used for heating the water to a target temperature, after the temperature of the test piece is the same as the water temperature, the manual pump 7 is used for controlling the flat jack, rigid load is applied to the test piece, hydraulic oil is injected from the oil injection holes 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30, and the oil injection holes 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 are opened so that the hydraulic oil in the pressure cavity connected with the oil injection holes flows back to the manual pump 7; after the confining pressure loading is finished, closing a valve of a loading confining pressure pipeline, injecting supercritical carbon dioxide into the test piece 16, and simultaneously recording the injection pressure and the discharge capacity of a pump and the pressure and the temperature of a crack of the test piece until the test piece is broken; the pumping of the fracturing fluid is stopped, the oil holes 21, 23, 25, 27, 29 and 31 are opened, the manual pump 7 injects hydraulic oil into the oil holes 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30, and the pressure plate is far away from the test piece. After the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, water is drained to the outside of the pressure chamber by opening the valve 17, then the upper cover plate 10 is lifted by utilizing lifting equipment, the test specimen is disassembled, then the specimen is cut open to observe the shape of the artificial crack in the specimen, and the test is finished.
Claims (4)
1. The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber, a vacuum saturation system and a carbon dioxide phase-state conversion system: the pressure chamber comprises a closed cavity, a flat jack and a heating rod; the closed cavity consists of an upper cover plate, a confining pressure cylinder and a pressure chamber base, and is sealed by a sealing ring to enable the pressure chamber to reach a sealed state, four flat jacks are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the confining pressure cylinder, one flat jack is fixed on each of the upper cover plate and the pressure chamber base, and a heating rod is fixed on the pressure chamber base; the vacuum saturation system comprises a vacuum pump, a saturated liquid station and a hydraulic pipeline, after the vacuum pump vacuumizes the pressure chamber, liquid is injected into the pressure chamber from the hydraulic pipeline, the liquid is a high-pressure liquid medium, and the liquid fully permeates into the test piece to provide saturated pore pressure for the test piece; the carbon dioxide phase-state conversion system consists of a carbon dioxide gas source, a cooling device and an injection pump, and can be used for cooling and liquefying carbon dioxide from a gaseous state, and then pressurizing and heating the carbon dioxide to convert the carbon dioxide into a supercritical state.
2. The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure chamber forms a closed cavity through the sealing ring, and can provide pore pressure for the test piece.
3. The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure chamber comprises 4 heating rods on the base, a temperature sensor penetrating through the upper cover plate and a temperature control panel, and the heating medium is water.
4. The supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing simulation experiment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide phase-state conversion system is composed of a carbon dioxide gas source, a cooling device and an injection pump, carbon dioxide is liquefied by the cooling device, then injected into the test piece by the injection pump, and converted into the supercritical state by heating in the pressure chamber.
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| CN201610972423.9A CN106404549B (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation experimental provision |
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| CN201610972423.9A CN106404549B (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A kind of supercritical carbon dioxide fracture simulation experimental provision |
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| CN106404549B true CN106404549B (en) | 2019-11-12 |
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