CN112857800A - Detection device and method for detecting reliability of high-speed elevator main shaft assembly - Google Patents
Detection device and method for detecting reliability of high-speed elevator main shaft assembly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a detection apparatus and method for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator spindle assembly. The detection apparatus includes: a support device for supporting the main shaft and the bearing of the high-speed elevator; a driving device for driving the main shaft to rotate; the vibration sensor is used for acquiring a vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotating process; the temperature sensor is used for acquiring a temperature signal of the bearing in the rotation process of the main shaft; a rotational speed measuring device for measuring a rotational speed of the spindle; and the analysis unit is used for judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal. The detection equipment provided by the disclosure judges whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal by driving the main shaft to rotate and acquiring the vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotating process of the main shaft and the temperature signal of the bearing, and then takes corresponding measures to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reliability detection of a high-speed elevator main shaft assembly, in particular to a device and a method for detecting the reliability of the high-speed elevator main shaft assembly.
Background
The continuous increase of the elevator speed also drives people to continuously pursue the quality of the elevator, wherein safety, functionality and comfort are three major factors for measuring the quality of the elevator. With the continuous development of elevator technology, many elevator companies can simply increase the speed of a common elevator to the speed level of a high-speed elevator, and the high-speed elevator refers to an elevator with the lifting speed of more than 2 m/s. However, due to the flexible structure of the traction elevator, compared with the common elevator, the traction system of the high-speed elevator not only improves the running speed, but also shows more complex dynamic characteristics in the high-speed running process of the elevator.
Under the working condition that the high-speed elevator main shaft is in service at a high speed and variable load for a long time, the normal fatigue wear of the main shaft body, the main shaft and the bearing is avoided, and more situations are frictional wear caused by the wear and the slip failure of the main shaft and the bearing. However, at present, a conventional main shaft is made of cast iron, and a large amount of detection is carried out in the casting process of the main shaft, so the main shaft is not always detected after being installed on a high-speed elevator traction machine, but the main shaft can be damaged in the long-term use process under high-speed complex working conditions after the main shaft is cast to additionally installed, so that the strength of the main shaft is reduced or potential safety hazards are caused. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device and a method for detecting the reliability of the high-speed elevator main shaft assembly, so as to provide guarantee for the safety of the high-speed elevator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a detection apparatus and method for detecting the reliability of a high-speed elevator spindle assembly, where the spindle assembly includes a spindle and a bearing, and the spindle assembly determines whether a spindle or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails according to at least one of a vibration signal and a temperature signal generated by the spindle during a high-speed rotation process of the spindle, and then takes a corresponding measure to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
According to a first aspect of the invention, an embodiment of the invention provides a detection device for detecting the reliability of a high-speed elevator main shaft assembly, which comprises: a support device for supporting a main shaft and a bearing of the high-speed elevator; the driving device is used for driving the main shaft to rotate; the vibration sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing, and is used for acquiring a vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotating process; the temperature sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing, and is used for acquiring a temperature signal of the bearing during the rotation of the main shaft; a rotation speed measuring device provided on the support device for measuring a rotation speed of the main shaft; and the analysis unit is in communication connection with the vibration sensor, the temperature sensor and the rotating speed measuring device and is used for judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails or not according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the main shaft of the high-speed elevator is driven to rotate at a high speed, and the vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotating process and the temperature signal of the bearing are obtained, so that whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, and therefore, corresponding measures can be taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to the temperature signal comprises: determining the temperature rise of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is invalid when the temperature rise exceeds a specified temperature rise threshold; or determining the temperature of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing fails when the temperature exceeds a specified temperature threshold value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to the relation between the temperature rise of the bearing and the temperature rise threshold value or the relation between the temperature of the bearing and the preset temperature threshold value, and then corresponding measures are taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing so as to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to the vibration signal comprises: determining a crest factor according to the vibration signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a specified crest factor threshold; or determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal and determining that the spindle or bearing is failing when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining the crest factor from the vibration signal comprises: calculating an effective value reflecting the magnitude of the vibration energy according to the following formula:
wherein RMS represents said effective value, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in a unit time interval,
the average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval is shown, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval;
the peak value representing the maximum value of the amplitude is calculated according to the following formula:
where Peak represents the Peak, n is the number of segments that segment the acquired data, xpiIs the peak value of the vibration acceleration data of the i-th section;
calculating the crest factor according to the following formula: c ═ Peak/RMS, where C denotes the crest factor;
determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal includes calculating the kurtosis according to the following equation:
wherein K represents the kurtosis, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval.
In some embodiments of the invention, the defined crest factor threshold is 5 and the defined kurtosis threshold is 3.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides a detection method for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator main shaft assembly, which includes: supporting a main shaft and a bearing of the high-speed elevator by a supporting device; driving the main shaft to rotate through a driving device; collecting vibration signals generated by the main shaft in the rotation process through a vibration sensor, wherein the vibration sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing; acquiring a temperature signal of the bearing in the rotation process of the main shaft through a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing; measuring the rotation speed of the main shaft by a rotation speed measuring device, wherein the rotation speed measuring device is arranged on the supporting device; and judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails or not through an analysis unit according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, wherein the analysis unit is in communication connection with the vibration sensor, the temperature sensor and the rotating speed measuring device.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the main shaft is driven to rotate at a high speed, the vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotation process of the main shaft and the temperature signal of the bearing are obtained, and whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, so that corresponding measures can be taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to the temperature signal comprises: determining the temperature rise of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is invalid when the temperature rise exceeds a specified temperature rise threshold; or determining the temperature of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing fails when the temperature exceeds a specified temperature threshold value.
According to the embodiment of the invention, whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to the relation between the temperature rise of the bearing and the temperature rise threshold value or the relation between the temperature of the bearing and the preset temperature threshold value, and then corresponding measures are taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing so as to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to the vibration signal comprises: determining a crest factor according to the vibration signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a specified crest factor threshold; or determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal and determining that the spindle or bearing is failing when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold.
In some embodiments of the invention, determining the crest factor from the vibration signal comprises: calculating an effective value reflecting the magnitude of the vibration energy according to the following formula:
wherein RMS representsSaid effective value, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in a unit time interval,
the average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval is shown, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval;
the peak value representing the maximum value of the amplitude is calculated according to the following formula:
where Peak represents the Peak, n is the number of segments that segment the acquired data, xpiIs the peak value of the vibration acceleration data of the i-th section;
calculating the crest factor according to the following formula: c ═ Peak/RMS, where C denotes the crest factor;
determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal includes calculating the kurtosis according to the following equation:
wherein K represents the kurtosis, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval.
In some embodiments of the invention, the defined crest factor threshold is 5 and the defined kurtosis threshold is 3.
As can be seen from the above description, the detection apparatus and method for detecting the reliability of a main shaft assembly of a high-speed elevator according to the embodiments of the present invention determine whether a main shaft or a bearing of the high-speed elevator fails according to at least one of a vibration signal and a temperature signal generated by the main shaft during rotation of the main shaft by driving the main shaft to rotate at a high speed and acquiring the vibration signal and the temperature signal of the bearing, so that corresponding measures can be taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a detecting apparatus for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator main shaft assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a partial structural view of a driving device in a detecting apparatus for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator spindle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a detection method for detecting reliability of a high speed elevator spindle assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various aspects of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description. Well-known modules, units, components and their interconnection or operation are not shown or described in detail. Furthermore, the described features, architectures, or functions can be combined in any manner in one or more implementations. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the various embodiments described below are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will also be readily understood that the components or parts of the embodiments as described and illustrated in the figures herein, or the manner of operation, may be combined and arranged in a wide variety of different configurations.
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a detection apparatus for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator spindle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the detection apparatus 1 includes: the device comprises a supporting device for supporting a main shaft 16 and a bearing of the high-speed elevator, a driving device for driving the main shaft 16 to rotate, a vibration sensor 13 for collecting vibration signals generated by the main shaft 16 during rotation, a temperature sensor for collecting temperature signals of the bearing during rotation of the main shaft 16, and an analysis unit 15 for judging whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing fails according to at least one of the vibration signals and the temperature signals.
As shown in fig. 1, the supporting device may specifically include: the box comprises a box bottom 111, a box body 112, a motor base 113 and a bearing seat 114, wherein the box body 112 and the motor base 113 are positioned at the upper part of the box bottom 111, the bearing seat 114 is positioned at the right side of the box body 112, and the bearing seat 114 and the box body 112 support a main shaft 16 and a bearing; the driving means may specifically include: a motor 121 having an output shaft that outputs rotation; a driver 123 connected to the output shaft; and a driven pulley 124 connected to the main shaft 16 of the high-speed elevator, and the driving pulley 123 and the driven pulley 124 are connected by a wire rope 122.
Referring to fig. 1, a motor base 113 located above a box bottom 111 supports a motor 121, an output shaft of the motor 121 is connected with a driving wheel 123, and the driving wheel 123 is connected with a driven wheel 124 connected with a high-speed elevator main shaft 16 through a steel wire rope 122, so that the motor 121 drives the main shaft 16 to rotate. Alternatively, the transmission ratio of the steel cord may be 3.
Referring to fig. 1, the temperature sensor includes a temperature sensor 141 and a temperature sensor 142, wherein the temperature sensor 141 is located on the box 112, the temperature sensor 142 is located above the bearing seat 114, and the temperature sensor 141 and the temperature sensor 142 can acquire temperature signals of the main shaft 16 and the bearing during the rotation of the main shaft 16, so that temperature changes of the main shaft 16 and the bearing can be acquired based on the temperature signals acquired by the temperature sensor 141 and the temperature sensor 142, and it is determined whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing fails according to the temperature changes. Specifically, the main shaft and the bearing generate heat due to friction during operation, and when the surfaces of the main shaft and the bearing are worn or damaged, the friction is increased, so that the heat generation is increased, and the temperature of the main shaft and the bearing is also increased. The temperature rise of the main shaft and the bearing is slightly influenced by other factors due to the installation characteristics of the main shaft of the high-speed elevator, and the temperature rise tested by the temperature sensor is the temperature rise of the main shaft and the bearing caused by friction.
In general, the temperature of the main shaft and the bearing gradually rises as the main shaft and the bearing start to operate, and reaches a steady state after 1 to 2 hours. The normal temperature of the main shaft and the bearing varies depending on the heat capacity, heat dissipation, rotational speed, and load of the machine. If the lubrication and installation parts are not proper, the temperature of the main shaft and the bearing rises suddenly, abnormal high temperature occurs, the operation must be stopped, and whether the main shaft and the bearing fail or not is checked. Thus, whether the temperature of the main shaft and bearing itself or other important components is measured, it can be determined whether the main shaft or bearing has failed based on the temperature changes monitored by the temperature sensors, e.g., any temperature change that would indicate that the main shaft and bearing have failed or failed under constant operating conditions. The temperature of the high-speed main shaft and the bearing under the condition of grease lubrication exceeds a certain value, so that the main shaft and the bearing can be judged to be failed.
In one embodiment, the temperature change information of the main shaft and the bearing is collected by a sensor under the condition that the main shaft rotates at a high speed for a long time and is displayed by a display instrument (such as an oscilloscope), meanwhile, the temperature change information of the main shaft and the bearing collected by the sensor is recorded by an analysis unit, and then the recorded temperature change information is processed to judge whether the main shaft or the bearing fails. Alternatively, when the temperature rise of the main shaft or the bearing determined from the temperature sensor 141 and the temperature sensor 142 exceeds a prescribed temperature rise threshold value or the temperature of the main shaft or the bearing exceeds a prescribed temperature threshold value, it is determined that the corresponding main shaft or the bearing is failed.
Referring to fig. 1, the analysis unit 15 is communicatively connected, for example, wired or wirelessly, to the vibration sensor 13 and the temperature sensors (temperature sensor 141, temperature sensor 142), and the analysis unit 15 is configured to determine whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing has failed according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal. Optionally, the analysis unit 15 may include a display on the box, and the collected signals and analysis results are displayed on the display.
By adopting the detection equipment of the embodiment of the invention, the main shaft is driven to rotate at a high speed, and the vibration signal generated by the main shaft and the temperature signal of the bearing in the rotation process of the main shaft are acquired, so that whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, and therefore, corresponding measures can be taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
In one embodiment, the analyzing unit 15 determining whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing fails according to the vibration signal may include: determining a crest factor according to the vibration signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a specified crest factor threshold; or determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal and determining that the spindle or bearing is failing when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold.
Wherein determining a crest factor from the vibration signal specifically comprises the steps of:
(1) calculating an effective value reflecting the magnitude of the vibration energy according to the following formula:
wherein RMS represents said effective value, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in a unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval. According to the calculation formula, the effective value RMS reflecting the vibration energy is used for better evaluating the irregular abnormality such as surface crack because the time is averaged, and the method can be used for detecting the abrasion abnormality of the main shaft and the bearing. When the main shaft and the bearing rotate normally, the energy level of the vibration signal is not very high, and is basically 1/3-1/5 of the peak value (see the description in (2)).
(2) The peak value representing the maximum value of the amplitude is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Peak represents the Peak value, and n isSegmenting the acquired data into a number of segments, xpiIs the peak value of the vibration acceleration data of the i-th section. The Peak value Peak is the maximum value of the amplitude, is sensitive to the faults of bearing surface damage, and particularly has a good effect of detecting the early surface peeling damage of the bearing.
(3) Calculating the crest factor according to the following formula:
C-Peak/RMS, wherein C represents the crest factor.
According to the calculation formula, the crest factor C is a dimensionless parameter, is very sensitive to faults of local peeling, indentation, pits and the like of the bearing and is not influenced by the absolute level of a vibration signal; under the condition of oil-free lubrication, the bearing wear failure detection method can be used for judging the bearing wear failure and is suitable for bearing failure detection. Under normal conditions, C is less than or equal to 5.
Wherein, the calculation formula for determining the kurtosis according to the vibration signal is as follows:
wherein K represents the kurtosis, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval. According to the calculation formula, the kurtosis K is also a dimensionless parameter, and is suitable for diagnosing surface damage faults, particularly early surface damage faults. Under normal conditions, K is less than or equal to 3.
Correspondingly, the determining, by the analysis unit 15, whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing fails according to the vibration signal may include: determining that the spindle or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a prescribed crest factor threshold or when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold. In one embodiment, the prescribed crest factor threshold is preferably 5, and the prescribed kurtosis threshold is preferably 3.
Whether the main shaft or the bearing fails or not is judged according to the parameters of the response vibration characteristics such as the effective value RMS, the Peak value Peak, the crest factor C, the kurtosis K and the like, and the following effects are achieved: because the main failure mode of the high-speed elevator main shaft bearing is abrasion or surface damage, the crest factor C and the kurtosis K are sensitive to the failure of the mode, and the crest factor C and the kurtosis K are dimensionless parameters and are not influenced by the change of working conditions (including load, rotating speed, environmental conditions and the like) and different vibration test positions, the crest factor C and the kurtosis K can realize accurate diagnosis on the early failure of the high-speed elevator main shaft. In addition, whether the bearing of the high-speed elevator main shaft is abraded or surface damaged is judged through the crest factor C and the kurtosis K, and a uniform and reliable failure criterion can be obtained. Specifically, when any one of the crest factor C > 5 (crest factor threshold) and the kurtosis K > 3 (kurtosis threshold) is satisfied, it is determined that the bearing has surface damage or wear failure.
In another embodiment, the Peak value Peak and the effective value RMS can be used as indexes for assisting in judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails, according to the above, the effective value RMS can be used for detecting the abrasion abnormality of the main shaft and the bearing, and when the main shaft and the bearing normally rotate, the energy level of the vibration signal is not very high and is 1/3-1/5 of the Peak value basically; the Peak value Peak is sensitive to faults of bearing surface damage, and particularly has a good detection effect on early bearing surface peeling damage, so that the Peak value Peak can be used for assisting in judging the early bearing surface peeling damage.
The detection device 1 further comprises a rotational speed measuring device arranged on the support device for measuring the rotational speed of the spindle 16, for example, a photoelectric sensor 17 shown in fig. 1 as a rotational speed measuring device is located above the shaft end of the spindle 16 on the side remote from the steel cable 122 for acquiring a rotational speed signal (e.g., the rotational speed) of the spindle 16. Alternatively, the rotation speed measuring device may include other devices capable of measuring the rotation speed of the spindle, for example, a rotary encoder, etc.
The analyzing unit 15 is also connected to the rotational speed measuring device in a communication manner (in the same manner as the connection between the temperature sensor and the analyzing unit), and determines whether the main shaft 16 or the bearing has failed based on at least one of the vibration signal collected by the vibration sensor 13 and the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor when the rotational speed of the main shaft 16 is equal to or higher than a predetermined speed. In one embodiment, determining whether the main shaft or the bearing fails according to the temperature signal comprises: determining the temperature rise of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is invalid when the temperature rise exceeds a specified temperature rise threshold; or determining the temperature of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing fails when the temperature exceeds a specified temperature threshold value. Optionally, the prescribed speed includes, but is not limited to, 4 m/s.
In one embodiment, under the condition that the main shaft rotates at a high speed for a long time, the rotating speed change information, the vibration signal and the temperature change information of the main shaft and the bearing of the high-speed elevator are collected through a sensor and are displayed through a display instrument, meanwhile, the vibration change information and the temperature change information collected through the sensor are recorded through an analysis unit, and then the recorded vibration change information and the recorded temperature change information are processed to judge whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails. As an example, the display instrument may be an oscilloscope. Wherein the high-speed rotation of the main shaft can be that the rotation speed of the main shaft is more than 4 m/s.
Fig. 2 is a partial structural view of a driving device in a detecting apparatus for detecting reliability of a high-speed elevator spindle assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, an output shaft of a motor in a driving device (not shown in fig. 2) is connected to a large traction sheave, the large traction sheave is connected to a plurality of small traction sheaves through a steel wire rope, the plurality of small traction sheaves are respectively connected to a plurality of main shafts to be determined whether to fail, the driving device can rotate the plurality of main shafts simultaneously, and further perform failure detection on the plurality of main shafts, and optionally, the number of the plurality of small traction sheaves is 5.
In one embodiment, the driving means may be constituted by combining different numbers of small traction sheaves to drive different numbers of main shafts to rotate simultaneously.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a detection method for detecting reliability of a high speed elevator spindle assembly according to one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the detection method may include: step S11, step S12, step S13, and step S14, which are described in detail below.
In step S11, a vibration signal generated during rotation of the main shaft of the high-speed elevator is collected by a vibration sensor.
In one embodiment, the main shaft and the bearing of the high-speed elevator are supported by a bearing means, the main shaft is driven in rotation by a drive means, and the vibration sensor is provided on a part of the bearing means on which the bearing is mounted. Optionally, the driving device drives the spindle to rotate at a rotation speed of more than 4 m/s.
In step S12, a temperature signal of the bearing during rotation of the main shaft is collected by a temperature sensor.
In one embodiment, the temperature sensor is provided on a part of the support device on which the bearing is mounted.
In step S13, the rotational speed of the spindle is measured by the rotational speed measuring device.
In one embodiment, the rotational speed measuring device is provided on the support device.
In step S14, it is determined whether the main shaft or the bearing has failed according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal by an analysis unit.
In one embodiment, the evaluation unit is connected in communication with the vibration sensor and the temperature sensor.
The specific method for determining whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator has failed by the analysis means is the same as the determination method of the analysis means 15 in fig. 1, and will not be described in detail here.
By adopting the detection method of the embodiment of the invention, the main shaft of the high-speed elevator is driven to rotate, and the vibration signal generated by the main shaft and the temperature signal of the bearing in the rotating process of the main shaft are obtained, so that whether the main shaft or the bearing of the high-speed elevator fails or not is judged according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, and therefore, corresponding measures can be taken according to the reliability of the main shaft or the bearing to ensure the safety of the high-speed elevator.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A sensing apparatus for sensing the reliability of a high speed elevator shaft assembly, the sensing apparatus comprising:
a support device for supporting a main shaft and a bearing of the high-speed elevator;
the driving device is used for driving the main shaft to rotate;
the vibration sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing, and is used for acquiring a vibration signal generated by the main shaft in the rotating process;
the temperature sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing, and is used for acquiring a temperature signal of the bearing during the rotation of the main shaft;
a rotation speed measuring device provided on the support device for measuring a rotation speed of the main shaft;
and the analysis unit is in communication connection with the vibration sensor, the temperature sensor and the rotating speed measuring device and is used for judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails or not according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal.
2. The sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining whether the spindle or bearing is failed based on the temperature signal comprises:
determining the temperature rise of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is invalid when the temperature rise exceeds a specified temperature rise threshold; or
And determining the temperature of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing fails when the temperature exceeds a specified temperature threshold value.
3. The sensing apparatus of claim 1, wherein determining whether the spindle or bearing is failed based on the vibration signal comprises:
determining a crest factor according to the vibration signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a specified crest factor threshold; or
Determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal, and determining that the spindle or bearing is failing when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold.
4. The detection apparatus of claim 3,
determining a crest factor from the vibration signal comprises:
calculating an effective value reflecting the magnitude of the vibration energy according to the following formula:
wherein RMS represents said effective value, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in a unit time interval,
the average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval is shown, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval;
the peak value representing the maximum value of the amplitude is calculated according to the following formula:
where Peak represents the Peak, n is the number of segments that segment the acquired data, xpiIs the peak value of the vibration acceleration data of the i-th section;
calculating the crest factor according to the following formula:
c ═ Peak/RMS, where C denotes the crest factor;
determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal includes calculating the kurtosis according to the following equation:
wherein K represents the kurtosis, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval.
5. The detection device of claim 3, wherein the prescribed crest factor threshold is 5 and the prescribed kurtosis threshold is 3.
6. A method for testing the reliability of a high speed elevator shaft assembly, the method comprising:
supporting a main shaft and a bearing of the high-speed elevator by a supporting device;
driving the main shaft to rotate through a driving device;
collecting vibration signals generated by the main shaft in the rotation process through a vibration sensor, wherein the vibration sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing;
acquiring a temperature signal of the bearing in the rotation process of the main shaft through a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is arranged on a part of the supporting device, which is provided with the bearing;
measuring the rotation speed of the main shaft by a rotation speed measuring device, wherein the rotation speed measuring device is arranged on the supporting device;
and judging whether the main shaft or the bearing fails or not through an analysis unit according to at least one of the vibration signal and the temperature signal, wherein the analysis unit is in communication connection with the vibration sensor, the temperature sensor and the rotating speed measuring device.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining whether the spindle or bearing is failed based on the temperature signal comprises:
determining the temperature rise of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is invalid when the temperature rise exceeds a specified temperature rise threshold; or
And determining the temperature of the bearing according to the temperature signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing fails when the temperature exceeds a specified temperature threshold value.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein determining whether the spindle or bearing is failed based on the vibration signal further comprises:
determining a crest factor according to the vibration signal, and judging that the main shaft or the bearing is failed when the crest factor exceeds a specified crest factor threshold; or
Determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal, and determining that the spindle or bearing is failing when the kurtosis exceeds a prescribed kurtosis threshold.
9. The detection method according to claim 8,
determining a crest factor from the vibration signal comprises:
calculating an effective value reflecting the magnitude of the vibration energy according to the following formula:
wherein RMS represents said effective value, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in a unit time interval,
the average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval is shown, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval;
the peak value representing the maximum value of the amplitude is calculated according to the following formula:
where Peak represents the Peak, n is the number of segments that segment the acquired data, xpiIs the peak value of the vibration acceleration data of the i-th section;
calculating the crest factor according to the following formula:
c ═ Peak/RMS, where C denotes the crest factor;
determining a kurtosis from the vibration signal includes calculating the kurtosis according to the following equation:
wherein K represents the kurtosis, xiIs the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval,
is an average value of the vibration acceleration data collected in the unit time interval, and N is the number of the data collected in the unit time interval.
10. The detection method of claim 8, wherein the defined crest factor threshold is 5 and the defined kurtosis threshold is 3.
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