CN112844272A - Application of microwave rotary hearth furnace in carbonization reaction - Google Patents
Application of microwave rotary hearth furnace in carbonization reaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN112844272A CN112844272A CN202110197043.3A CN202110197043A CN112844272A CN 112844272 A CN112844272 A CN 112844272A CN 202110197043 A CN202110197043 A CN 202110197043A CN 112844272 A CN112844272 A CN 112844272A
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005539 carbonized material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/126—Microwaves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
- B01J4/007—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes provided with moving parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
Abstract
The invention discloses an application of a microwave rotary hearth furnace in carbonization reaction, which belongs to the technical field of chemical heating equipment and comprises the following steps: uniformly paving the material to be carbonized on a material tray of a fireproof rotary bottom through a feed inlet of a microwave rotary bottom furnace; starting a microwave generator of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, and performing microwave radiation on the materials through a plurality of waveguides arranged above the material tray to enable the materials in the material tray to generate a carbonization reaction; and starting a spiral discharging machine on the side surface of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, and scooping up the carbonized material to enter the spiral discharging machine for discharging. The microwave rotary hearth furnace can gradually heat and carbonize materials in the rotating process of the microwave rotary hearth furnace by controlling the power of the microwave generator, has the advantages of high heating speed, high thermal efficiency and good stability, can realize continuous and large-scale production, and improves the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical heating equipment, and particularly relates to an application of a microwave rotary hearth furnace in a carbonization reaction.
Background
In view of the advantages of strong penetrating power, high heating efficiency, rapid heating, uniform temperature and the like of microwave heating, part of scholars think that the microwave irradiation has non-thermal effect and has promotion effect on chemical reaction. Therefore, microwave irradiation has received a great deal of attention in the chemical industry. However, in the currently used microwave equipment, a household microwave oven belongs to intermittent heating, has low power density and poor repeatability, and cannot perform large-scale operation; the high-power high-temperature microwave equipment has the problems of uneven microwave field distribution, poor equipment tightness, single temperature field distribution in the reactor and the like, so that the equipment has poor stability and short service life. Because the chemical reaction process has strict requirements on the control of parameters such as temperature, pressure, time and the like, the quality and yield of products and the safe and stable operation of equipment are directly influenced, and meanwhile, the problems of corrosion, high temperature and the like exist in the chemical reaction process, so that the microwave equipment is difficult to apply to the chemical field of continuous production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that a rotary hearth microwave oven in the prior art is low in heating speed, low in heat efficiency, uneven in microwave distribution, incapable of being operated on a large scale in a household microwave oven, poor in stability of high-power microwave equipment and short in service life.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an application of a microwave rotary hearth furnace in carbonization reaction comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the material to be carbonized on a material tray of a fireproof rotary bottom through a feed inlet of a microwave rotary bottom furnace;
s2: starting a microwave generator of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, and performing microwave radiation on the materials through a plurality of waveguides arranged above the material tray to enable the materials in the material tray to generate a carbonization reaction;
s3: starting a spiral discharging machine on the side surface of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, utilizing a discharging shoveling device to shovel the carbonized material, and discharging the material in the spiral discharging machine;
the material tray is circumferentially divided into a feeding area, a first reaction area, a second reaction area, a third reaction area and a discharging area, a feeding hole of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the feeding area, and a discharging shovel of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the material area; by controlling the power and time of the microwave generator, the materials can be gradually heated and carbonized in the rotating process of the microwave rotary hearth furnace.
Preferably, the material is a carbon material for adsorbing the waste sulfuric acid, the temperature of the material in the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-160 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 160-210 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 210-280 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first, second and third reaction zones is controlled by adjusting the power and time of the microwave generator.
Preferably, the material is waste salt containing organic matters, the temperature of the material in the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-200 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 200-280 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 280-380 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first, second and third reaction zones is controlled by adjusting the power and time of the microwave generator.
Preferably, the microwave rotary hearth furnace comprises a disc-shaped fire-resistant rotary hearth, the fire-resistant rotary hearth is arranged on the base and is driven to rotate by the rotating mechanism, and a material tray for containing materials to be carbonized is arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the fire-resistant rotary hearth; the material tray and the fireproof rotary bottom are arranged inside the inner shell, a plurality of waveguides connected with the microwave generator are arranged above the material tray, the plurality of waveguides are arranged along the edge circumference of the inner shell, and outlets of the waveguides extend into the inner shell and are used for radiating materials in the material tray; the outside of inner shell is equipped with protecting sheathing, the top of protecting sheathing and safety cover all is equipped with the feed inlet and the exhaust hole of one-to-one.
Preferably, the material tray is made of a fireproof and corrosion-resistant material, an annular outer protective plate is arranged on the outer side of the material tray, an annular microwave baffle plate is arranged on the inner side of the material tray, and the inner shell and the microwave baffle plate can enclose the material tray into an annular carbonization furnace chamber; the inner shell is provided with a plurality of temperature controllers connected with the microwave generator and used for detecting the temperature in the carbonization furnace cavity and controlling the power of the microwave generator; the protective outer shell, the inner shell and the microwave baffle are all made of materials capable of reflecting microwaves.
Preferably, the bottom of the inner shell is connected with the fireproof rotary bottom through a labyrinth seal structure, the labyrinth seal structure comprises a dynamic seal seat and a static seal, the dynamic seal seat is an annular table with a convex brim on the outer edge, one end of the inner side of the dynamic seal seat is connected with the outer wall of the fireproof rotary bottom, and the other end of the inner side of the dynamic seal seat extends to the outer side of the inner shell; the static seal is arranged in the dynamic seal seat and is arranged on the outer side of the inner shell, the longitudinal section of the static seal is in an inverted L shape, the static seal is buckled at the junction of the inner shell and the dynamic seal seat and is connected with the outer wall of the inner shell, and a sealing filler is arranged inside the static seal; the convex brim of the dynamic seal seat is abutted against the outer wall of the static seal through an elastic component; and a sealing ring is arranged between the bottom of the inner shell and the dynamic sealing seat.
Preferably, a discharging shovel arranged at the top of the inner shell is arranged above the material tray, the discharging shovel comprises a butt joint short section and a shovel plate, one end of the butt joint short section is connected with an inlet of the spiral discharging machine, and the other end of the butt joint short section is connected with the shovel plate; the shovel flitch is the arc bend of top-down slope, the lower extreme of shovel flitch can with the upper surface butt of material tray for the material after the removal material that the fender goes up the carbomorphism on the material tray, and along with the rotation of fire-resistant bottom of turning makes its material rise to the import of spiral discharge machine along the shovel flitch.
Preferably, the lower end of the feeding hole in the top of the inner shell is connected with a feeding distributor, and the feeding distributor is used for scraping the thickness of materials on a material tray rotating along with the fireproof rotary bottom.
Preferably, the waveguide is a right-angle waveguide, and a plurality of right-angle waveguides are annularly distributed on the top of the inner shell and correspondingly arranged above the material tray.
Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises a support shaft, a positioning roller and a driving part for driving the refractory rotary hearth to rotate, and the support shaft is arranged between the refractory rotary hearth and the base and in the middle of the refractory rotary hearth; the positioning rollers are more than two and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fire-resistant rotary bottom, and the positioning rollers are connected with the fire-resistant rotary bottom through adjusting pieces and used for adjusting the levelness of the fire-resistant rotary bottom.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: compared with the prior art, the invention lays the material to be carbonized in the material tray on the fire-resistant rotary bottom; microwave radiation is carried out on the materials through a plurality of waveguides above the material tray, so that the materials in the material tray are subjected to carbonization reaction; finally, the carbonized material is shoveled by a discharging shoveling device and enters a spiral discharging machine to be discharged. The microwave rotary hearth furnace can gradually heat and carbonize materials in the rotating process of the microwave rotary hearth furnace by controlling the power of the microwave generator, has the advantages of high heating speed, high heat efficiency and good stability, can realize continuous production, improves the working efficiency and realizes large-scale operation.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the microwave generator on the top of the inner case in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a labyrinth seal structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the discharge scraper in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the discharge scraper of FIG. 4;
in the figure: 1. a protective housing; 2. an exhaust hole; 3. a feed inlet; 4. a housing bracket; 5. an inner shell bracket; 6. a microwave generator; 7. an inner shell; 8. a material tray; 9. a heat-insulating layer; 10. turning the bottom in a fire-resistant way; 11. positioning rollers; 12. a base; 13. a dynamic seal seat; 14. static sealing; 15. positioning an adjusting rod; 16. a carbonization furnace chamber; 17. an outer shroud; 18. a spiral discharging machine; 19. a feed distributor; 20. discharging shoveling device; 21. a microwave baffle; 22. an access hole; 23. a waveguide; 24. a rotating shaft; 25. a drive member.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An application of a microwave rotary hearth furnace in carbonization reaction comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the material to be carbonized on a material tray 8 of a fireproof rotary hearth 10 through a feed inlet of a microwave rotary hearth furnace;
s2: starting a microwave generator 6 of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, and performing microwave radiation on the materials through a plurality of waveguides 23 arranged above the material tray 8 to ensure that the materials in the material tray 8 are subjected to a carbonization reaction;
s3: starting a spiral discharging machine 18 on the side surface of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, utilizing a discharging shoveling device 20 to shovel the carbonized material and enabling the material to enter the spiral discharging machine 18 for discharging;
the material tray 8 is circumferentially divided into a feeding area, a first reaction area, a second reaction area, a third reaction area and a discharging area, the feeding port 3 of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the feeding area, and the discharging shovel 20 of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the material area; by controlling the power and time of the microwave generator 6, the materials can be gradually heated and carbonized in the rotating process of the microwave rotary hearth furnace.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the material is a carbon material that adsorbs the spent sulfuric acid, the carbon is used as a "sensitizer" for microwaves to focus high-intensity short-pulse microwave radiation on the surface of the carbon, and the microwave energy is converted into heat energy through the strong interaction between surface point locations and the microwave energy, so that the temperature of some surface point locations is selectively raised, and the contact surface of the carbon, organic matters in the spent sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid undergoes a chemical catalytic reaction to reduce the sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide. The material temperature of the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-160 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 160-210 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 210-280 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first reaction zone, the second reaction zone and the third reaction zone is controlled to be gradually increased by adjusting the power and the time of the microwave generator. By adopting the scheme, the reaction temperature and the reaction rate of the waste sulfuric acid and the carbon material can be reasonably controlled, and the sulfur dioxide generated by the reaction is prevented from being reduced into sulfur. The sulfur dioxide gas generated by the reaction is discharged in time through the exhaust port and is collected and utilized, and a new technology for reducing the waste sulfuric acid into the sulfur dioxide is provided.
In another embodiment of the invention, the material is waste salt containing organic matters, the temperature of the material in the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-200 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 200-280 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 280-380 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first reaction zone, the second reaction zone and the third reaction zone is controlled to be gradually increased by adjusting the power and the time of the microwave generator. Microwave radiation is carried out on the materials in the material tray, organic matters in the waste salt absorb the microwaves to heat up, the organic matters in the waste salt are carbonized and pyrolyzed, partial organic matters are pyrolyzed into gas and are discharged through an exhaust port, and partial organic matters are carbonized into a water-insoluble carbon material; and then dissolving the carbonized salt by using hot water, filtering the salt solution while the solution is hot, removing the carbon, cooling, crystallizing and filtering the filtrate to obtain the salt without organic matters, and heating the filtered mother liquor to dissolve the carbonized salt. During the treatment process, partial carbon material may be added into the waste salt containing organic matter to raise the reaction temperature of the material.
The microwave rotary hearth furnace shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a disc-shaped fire-resistant rotary hearth 10, wherein the fire-resistant rotary hearth 10 is arranged on a base 12 and is driven to rotate by a rotating mechanism, a material tray 8 for containing a material to be carbonized is arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the fire-resistant rotary hearth 10, and the material tray can be made of acid and alkali resistant materials; the material tray 8 and the fireproof rotary bottom 10 are arranged inside the inner shell 7, a plurality of waveguides 23 connected with the microwave generator 6 are arranged above the material tray 8, the plurality of waveguides 23 are circumferentially arranged along the edge of the inner shell 7, and outlets of the waveguides 23 extend into the inner shell 7 and are used for radiating materials in the material tray 8; the outside of inner shell 7 is equipped with protecting sheathing 1, the top of protecting sheathing 1 and inner shell 7 all is equipped with the feed inlet and the exhaust hole of one-to-one correspondence. The material to be carbonized is flatly laid in the material tray through the feeding hole, microwave is radiated onto the material through the waveguide, the material tray rotates under the drive of the rotating mechanism along with the fireproof rotary bottom, and the material is gradually heated and carbonized in the rotating process.
As the microwave is an electromagnetic spectrum between infrared and radio waves, the wavelength range is 1 mm-1 m, the frequency is 0.3-300 GHz, and the frequency of the microwave used for the pyrolysis technology is fixed at 2450MHz or 900 MHz. In the prior art, conventional heating equipment is commonly used, the preheating of the equipment, the radiation heat loss and the heat loss of a high-temperature medium occupy a large proportion in the total energy consumption, and the microwave serving as a green and efficient heating method can selectively heat materials through energy dissipation in the materials, and has the advantages of uniform heating, high heat efficiency, cleanness, no pollution and the like which are incomparable with the conventional heating methods. The invention can adjust the heating temperature of the material by controlling the power of the microwave generating system, thereby improving the chemical reaction of the material.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the inner shell 7 is disposed outside the refractory rotary hearth 10 and the material tray 8 through the inner shell support 5, and the protective outer shell 1 is disposed outside the inner shell 7 through the outer shell support 4; the outer surface of the inner shell 7 is provided with an insulating layer 9, and the insulating layer can be made of a microwave-specific insulating material, such as crystalline ceramic fibers like alumina polycrystalline fibers. Meanwhile, the side surface of the protective shell 1 is provided with an access hole 22, so that the overhaul and maintenance are convenient. The material tray is sealed by the inner shell, so that the leakage of the outer wall is avoided; the heating reaction effect can be ensured by the heat-insulating layer. The protection effect on each internal part can be achieved by utilizing the external protection shell.
Further optimizing the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 1, the bottom of the inner shell 7 and the bottom of the protective outer shell 1 are provided with positioning adjusting rods 15 for adjusting the distance between the inner shell 7 and the protective outer shell 1 and the fire-resistant rotary bottom 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the material tray is made of a refractory and corrosion-resistant material, and may be made of stainless steel, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, quartz glass or alloy steel; an annular outer guard plate 17 is arranged on the outer side of the material tray 8, an annular microwave baffle plate 21 is arranged on the inner side of the material tray 8, and the inner shell 7 and the microwave baffle plate 21 can enclose the material tray 8 into an annular carbonization furnace chamber 16; and the inner shell 7 is provided with a plurality of temperature controllers connected with the microwave generator and used for detecting the temperature in the cavity of the carbonization furnace and controlling the power of the microwave generator. The material is sealed and can fully accept microwave radiation in the retort intracavity, through the inside temperature of temperature controller control to the carbonization reaction temperature of material is guaranteed to the power of rational control microwave generator, plays energy saving and consumption reduction's effect simultaneously.
Further optimizing the above technical solution, the protective outer shell 1, the inner shell 7 and the microwave baffle 21 are all made of materials capable of reflecting microwaves, and preferably made of stainless steel. When microwave is used for heating, the material can absorb microwave and convert the microwave into heat energy, and the stainless steel metal material is a microwave reflection type material which can only reflect and cannot absorb microwave (or can only absorb microwave to a minimum). Therefore, the heat loss is very little, and the energy consumption of the equipment is further reduced. In addition, the microwave heating is an internal 'bulk heat source', and does not need a high-temperature medium for heat transfer, so that most of microwave energy is absorbed by the medium material and is converted into heat required by temperature rise, and the characteristic of high microwave energy utilization efficiency is formed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the bottom of the inner shell 7 is connected to the refractory rotary bottom 10 through a labyrinth seal structure, the labyrinth seal structure includes a dynamic seal seat 13 and a static seal 14, the dynamic seal seat 13 is an annular table with a convex brim on the outer edge, one end of the inner side of the dynamic seal seat 13 is connected to the outer wall of the refractory rotary bottom 10, and the other end extends to the outer side of the inner shell 8; the static seal 14 is arranged in the dynamic seal seat 13 and is arranged on the outer side of the inner shell 7, the longitudinal section of the static seal 14 is in an inverted L shape, the static seal 14 is buckled at the junction of the inner shell 7 and the dynamic seal seat 13 and is connected with the outer wall of the inner shell 7, and a sealing filler is arranged inside the static seal 14; the convex brim of the dynamic seal seat 13 is abutted with the outer wall of the static seal 14 through an elastic component. Meanwhile, the bottom of the inner shell 7 and the upper surface part of the dynamic seal seat 13 are provided with seal rings, so that the sealing effect is further improved. The elastic component comprises a pressing pin and a spring, the pressing pin penetrates through a convex eave of the movable sealing seat, the spring is sleeved on the inner side of the pressing pin, and the tail end of the pressing pin is abutted to the outer wall of the static seal. During the rotation process of the movable sealing seat along with the fireproof rotary bottom, the static seal is pressed on the outer side of the inner shell by means of the pressing pin and the spring, so that the purposes of sealing the inner shell and avoiding the leakage of microwaves are achieved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, 2, 4, and 5, a discharging shoveling device 20 disposed on the top of the inner shell 7 is disposed above the material tray 8, the discharging shoveling device 20 includes a butt joint short section 201 and a shoveling plate 202, one end of the butt joint short section 201 is connected to an inlet of the spiral discharging machine 18, and the other end is connected to the shoveling plate 202; the shoveling plate 202 is an arc-shaped curved channel inclined from top to bottom, the lower end of the shoveling plate 202 can be abutted against the upper surface of the material tray 8, and is used for shoveling carbonized materials on the material tray 8, enabling the materials to ascend to the inlet of the spiral discharging machine 18 along the shoveling plate 202 along with the rotation of the fireproof rotary bottom 10, and then conveying the finished materials by the spiral discharging machine. During specific manufacturing, the discharging shovel can be connected with the inner shell through the lifting mechanism. When discharging is needed, the discharging shovel is lowered to be abutted against the material tray, and the material can be shoveled and pushed into an inlet of the spiral discharging machine along with the rotation of the fireproof rotary bottom so as to be discharged; in the material heating reaction process, the discharging shovel can be lifted, and the interference of the discharging shovel with the rotation of the material along with the fireproof rotary bottom is avoided.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the lower end of the feed inlet at the top of the inner shell 7 is connected with a feed distributor 19, and the feed distributor 19 is in a plate shape and is used for scraping the thickness of the material on the material tray 8 rotating with the refractory rotary bottom 10. The lower end of the feeding distributor is matched with the width of the material tray, so that the material tray can be uniformly distributed with the materials. Similarly, the feeding distributor is also connected with the inner shell through the lifting mechanism. In the feeding process, the discharging shovel is lowered to be in contact with the materials on the material tray, the top of the materials can be leveled along with the rotation of the fireproof rotary bottom, and the materials are uniformly paved in the material tray; in the process of material heating reaction, the feeding distributor can be lifted up, so that the interference of the feeding distributor with the rotation of the material along with the refractory rotary bottom is avoided.
In an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the rotating mechanism includes a supporting shaft 24, a positioning roller 11 and a driving part 25 for driving the refractory bottom 10 to rotate, the supporting shaft 24 is disposed between the refractory bottom 10 and the base 12 and is disposed in the middle of the refractory bottom 10; the positioning rollers 11 are more than two and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fire-resistant rotary bottom 10, and the positioning rollers 10 are connected with the fire-resistant rotary bottom 10 through adjusting pieces and are used for adjusting the levelness of the fire-resistant rotary bottom 10; and the base 12 is provided with an annular track matched with the positioning roller 11. Meanwhile, the positioning adjusting rods 15 at the bottom of the protective outer shell and the inner shell are both arranged on the base 12. The driving member 25 may be a chain drive or a gear drive, which are not described in detail herein.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the waveguides 23 are right-angle waveguides, and a plurality of right-angle waveguides 23 are annularly distributed on the top of the inner shell 7 and correspondingly arranged above the material tray 8. According to the practical situation, a circle of right-angle waveguides or a plurality of circles of right-angle waveguides are arranged at the top of the inner shell, and the waveguides are arranged in a staggered mode, so that the materials are fully subjected to microwave radiation. When the waveguides 23 are arranged in two circles, every three waveguides adjacent in sequence are arranged in an isosceles triangle, two base angles of the isosceles triangle are 30-80 degrees, and two waist lengths are 100-500 mm. The density degree of the waveguide distribution can also be set according to the actual situation, and the waveguide distance at the top of the inner shell is larger at the place where the heating temperature is low; conversely, the waveguide pitch is smaller. By adopting the structure, energy can be saved and consumption can be reduced; meanwhile, the phenomenon that materials are subjected to other side reactions due to overhigh temperature can be avoided.
In conclusion, the microwave carbonization device has the advantages of simple and compact structure and good material carbonization effect, the right-angle waveguide arranged at the top of the inner shell is used for carrying out microwave radiation on the material tray below, and the material is continuously subjected to microwave radiation in the process of rotating along with the fireproof rotary bottom, so that the continuous heating of the material is realized, and the more sufficient carbonization reaction of the material is ensured. The invention adopts the stainless steel inner shell, the microwave baffle and the protective outer shell, can ensure that the microwave is fully radiated on the material while avoiding the microwave leakage, and simultaneously utilizes the heat-insulating layer to achieve the purpose of reducing the energy consumption. The invention can realize the continuity of high-temperature and corrosion-resistant chemical production and improve the production efficiency.
In the description above, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and thus the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed above.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the microwave rotary hearth furnace in the carbonization reaction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: uniformly paving the material to be carbonized on a material tray of a fireproof rotary bottom through a feed inlet of a microwave rotary bottom furnace;
s2: starting a microwave generator of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, and performing microwave radiation on the materials through a plurality of waveguides arranged above the material tray to enable the materials in the material tray to generate a carbonization reaction;
s3: starting a spiral discharging machine on the side surface of the microwave rotary hearth furnace, utilizing a discharging shoveling device to shovel the carbonized material, and discharging the material in the spiral discharging machine;
the material tray is circumferentially divided into a feeding area, a first reaction area, a second reaction area, a third reaction area and a discharging area, a feeding hole of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the feeding area, a discharging shovel of the microwave rotary hearth furnace corresponds to the discharging area, and the feeding area is adjacent to the discharging area; by controlling the power and time of the microwave generator, the materials can be gradually heated and carbonized in the rotating process of the microwave rotary hearth furnace.
2. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 1 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the material is a carbon material for adsorbing the waste sulfuric acid, the temperature of the material in the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-160 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 160-210 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 210-280 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first, second and third reaction zones is controlled by adjusting the power and time of the microwave generator.
3. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 1 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the material is waste salt containing organic matters, the temperature of the material in the first reaction zone is controlled to be 100-200 ℃, and the retention time is 5-150 min; the material temperature of the second reaction zone is controlled to be 200-280 ℃, and then the material stays for 5-150 min; the material temperature of the third reaction zone is controlled to be 280-380 ℃, and the retention time is 5-100 min; the temperature in the first, second and third reaction zones is controlled by adjusting the power and time of the microwave generators.
4. Use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in a carbonization reaction, characterized in that: the microwave rotary hearth furnace comprises a disc-shaped fire-resistant rotary hearth, the fire-resistant rotary hearth is arranged on a base and is driven to rotate by a rotating mechanism, and a material tray for containing materials to be carbonized is arranged at the edge of the upper surface of the fire-resistant rotary hearth; the material tray and the fireproof rotary bottom are arranged inside the inner shell, a plurality of waveguides connected with the microwave generator are arranged above the material tray, the plurality of waveguides are arranged along the edge circumference of the inner shell, and outlets of the waveguides extend into the inner shell and are used for radiating materials in the material tray; the outside of inner shell is equipped with protecting sheathing, the top of protecting sheathing and safety cover all is equipped with the feed inlet and the exhaust hole of one-to-one.
5. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the material tray is made of a fireproof and corrosion-resistant material, an annular outer protective plate is arranged on the outer side of the material tray, an annular microwave baffle plate is arranged on the inner side of the material tray, and the inner shell and the microwave baffle plate can enclose the material tray into an annular carbonization furnace chamber; the inner shell is provided with a plurality of temperature controllers connected with the microwave generator and used for detecting the temperature in the carbonization furnace cavity and controlling the power of the microwave generator; the protective outer shell, the inner shell and the microwave baffle are all made of materials capable of reflecting microwaves.
6. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the bottom of the inner shell is connected with the fireproof rotary bottom through a labyrinth seal structure, the labyrinth seal structure comprises a dynamic seal seat and a static seal, the dynamic seal seat is an annular table with a convex brim on the outer edge, one end of the inner side of the dynamic seal seat is connected with the outer wall of the fireproof rotary bottom, and the other end of the inner side of the dynamic seal seat extends to the outer side of the inner shell; the static seal is arranged in the dynamic seal seat and is arranged on the outer side of the inner shell, the longitudinal section of the static seal is in an inverted L shape, the static seal is buckled at the junction of the inner shell and the dynamic seal seat and is connected with the outer wall of the inner shell, and a sealing filler is arranged inside the static seal; the convex brim of the dynamic seal seat is abutted against the outer wall of the static seal through an elastic component; and a sealing ring is arranged between the bottom of the inner shell and the dynamic sealing seat.
7. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: a discharging material shoveling device arranged at the top of the inner shell is arranged above the material tray and comprises a butt joint short section and a shoveling plate, wherein one end of the butt joint short section is connected with an inlet of the spiral discharging machine, and the other end of the butt joint short section is connected with the shoveling plate; the shovel flitch is the arc bend of top-down slope, the lower extreme of shovel flitch can with the upper surface butt of material tray for the material after the removal material that the fender goes up the carbomorphism on the material tray, and along with the rotation of fire-resistant bottom of turning makes its material rise to the import of spiral discharge machine along the shovel flitch.
8. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the lower end of the feed inlet at the top of the inner shell is connected with a feed distributor, and the feed distributor is used for scraping the thickness of materials on a material tray rotating along with the fireproof rotary bottom.
9. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the waveguide is a right-angle waveguide, and a plurality of right-angle waveguides are annularly distributed at the top of the inner shell and correspondingly arranged above the material tray; every three waveguides adjacent in sequence are arranged in an isosceles triangle.
10. The use of a microwave rotary hearth furnace according to claim 4 in a carbonization reaction, wherein: the rotating mechanism comprises a support shaft, a positioning roller and a driving part for driving the refractory rotary hearth to rotate, wherein the support shaft is arranged between the refractory rotary hearth and the base and is arranged in the middle of the refractory rotary hearth; the positioning rollers are more than two and are circumferentially and uniformly distributed at the bottom of the fire-resistant rotary bottom, and the positioning rollers are connected with the fire-resistant rotary bottom through adjusting pieces and used for adjusting the levelness of the fire-resistant rotary bottom.
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Application publication date: 20210528 |