CN112834620A - Offline ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Offline ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN112834620A CN112834620A CN202011385391.5A CN202011385391A CN112834620A CN 112834620 A CN112834620 A CN 112834620A CN 202011385391 A CN202011385391 A CN 202011385391A CN 112834620 A CN112834620 A CN 112834620A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011165 process development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N2001/2893—Preparing calibration standards
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
- G01N2021/1706—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids in solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing, which comprises the following steps: preparing a sample; (II) detecting the test block; (III) acquiring a test block result display graph; and (IV) carrying out ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected to obtain an object result display graph, and comparing the obtained test block result display graph serving as a judgment standard with the object result display graph to obtain the defect type and size of the object to be detected. The method provides an off-line nondestructive detection and detection process for defects generated in the additive printing manufacturing process, and can rapidly determine the defect type, size and other information of the object to be detected by using the result display image of the test block.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear power detection equipment, and particularly relates to an off-line ultrasonic nondestructive detection method for PBF additive manufacturing.
Background
Metal additive manufacturing is a revolutionary and core process of advanced manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing, and two mature methods are Direct Energy Deposition (DED) and powder bed cladding (PBF). While the method is listed as a strategic process of the key development of China, the developed national government and the industrial industry leading the development of the process further increase the research and development investment, and try to expand the process and application advantages. At present, the additive manufacturing process in China is in a transition stage from ' running with ' to realize real ' running with ' and ' getting away with ' in the shortest time ', and breakthroughs in key processes and key application fields of additive manufacturing are needed to be made to form own advantages.
The metal additive manufacturing has the reciprocating circulation characteristic of 'point-by-point scanning/layer-by-layer accumulation' and a complex workpiece structure, so that various special process defects different from the traditional manufacturing are generated, the defect size is more in a micron order, such as common splashing, slag inclusion and pores, and non-fusion and crack defects generated after metal melting are caused, the common defect size is about 20-100 mu m, the metal additive manufacturing has the characteristics of small size, multiple types and strong randomness, great challenges are brought to detection and control, and the lack of quality monitoring (quality control) means in the additive manufacturing process in the global range becomes a significant bottleneck restricting the process development, popularization and application of the metal additive manufacturing.
Currently, no effective detection process exists for defects generated in the additive manufacturing process, so that the research and development of the detection process capable of detecting and detecting the defects has important practical significance for providing judgment basis for additive manufacturing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:
(I) sample preparation
a. The method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a first test block and a second test block with two notch sizes aiming at area defects such as cracks and incomplete fusion, wherein three groups of notches are arranged on the first test block, one notch is arranged in the first group, two notches which are parallel in the width direction are arranged in the second group, two notches which are parallel in the length direction are arranged in the third group, and the size range of the notches is as follows: 80-120 mu m multiplied by 100-4000 mu m, the three sizes are depth, width and length in sequence, and the space between the grooves on the first test block is 80-120 mu m; the second test block is provided with three groups of notches, the first group is provided with one notch, the second group is provided with two notches parallel to the width direction, the third group is provided with two notches parallel to the length direction, and the size range of the notches is as follows: 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 50-4000 mu m, the three dimensions are depth, width and length in sequence, the space between the grooves on the second test block is 20-60 mu m, the test block is printed by adopting a powder bed cladding method, the dimension of a PBF printing matrix is 10000-50000 mu m is multiplied by 800-2000 mu m, and the three dimensions are length, width and thickness in sequence;
b. aiming at the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and splashing and the like, a third test block is manufactured, and holes with the hole diameters in two ranges are arranged on the third test block: phi 80-120 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, phi 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, the sizes are respectively diameter and depth, the holes are divided into through holes and non-through holes, and the opening depth range of the non-through holes is as follows: 0-1/2 wall thickness, the spacing of each of the holes having two dimensions: 80-120 mu m and 20-60 mu m, wherein the third test block is formed by printing by adopting a matrix powder bed cladding method, the size of a printed matrix is 10000-50000 mu m multiplied by 800-1200 mu m, and the three sizes are length, width and thickness in sequence;
(II) detecting the test block
The method comprises the following steps of detecting and detecting a test block by adopting an off-line ultrasonic detection process, controlling a laser emission controller to generate excitation ultrasonic waves on the surface of the test block by adopting an industrial personal computer, controlling a laser receiving controller to excite and receive another laser beam to receive an excitation ultrasonic action signal on the surface of a standard part by adopting the industrial personal computer, controlling the diameter and the distance of focal spots generated by the two laser beams to be a certain value during the same detection and detection, and simultaneously controlling an automatic displacement platform to bear a powder bed to melt and print the test block to perform rectangular movement;
(III) obtaining the result display picture of the test block
And (IV) carrying out ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected to obtain an object result display graph, and comparing the obtained test block result display graph serving as a judgment standard with the object result display graph to obtain the defect type and size of the object to be detected.
Optimally, the pulse laser and the interferometer excite the ultrasonic energy to be 0.1 mj-1.5 mj, the size of focal spots generated by the two instruments is 0.01-2 mm, the distance is 0.1-3 mm, and the rectangular movement distance is 0.05-1 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method provides an off-line nondestructive detection and detection process for defects generated in the additive printing manufacturing process, and can rapidly determine the defect type, size and other information of the object to be detected by using the result display image of the test block.
Drawings
FIGS. 1a and 1b are schematic diagrams of a first test block and a second test block, respectively;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a third block;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention for detecting and detecting defects;
FIG. 4 is a graphical representation of the results of a process of the present invention for detecting a standard reference reflector (non-volumetric);
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the results of the inventive process for detecting a standard reference reflector (volumetric).
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings to which:
an off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps: preparing a sample; (II) detecting the test block; (III) acquiring a test block result display graph; and (IV) carrying out ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected to obtain an object result display graph, and comparing the obtained test block result display graph serving as a judgment standard with the object result display graph to obtain the defect type and size of the object to be detected.
In particular to
(I) sample preparation
a. The method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a first test block 01 and a second test block 02 with two notch groove sizes aiming at area type defects such as cracks and incomplete fusion, wherein three groups of notch grooves are arranged on the first test block, one notch groove is arranged in the first group, two notch grooves parallel to the width direction are arranged in the second group, two notch grooves parallel to the length direction are arranged in the third group, and the size range of the notch grooves is as follows: 80-120 mu m multiplied by 100-4000 mu m, the three sizes are depth, width and length in sequence, and the space between the grooves on the first test block is 80-120 mu m; the second test block is provided with three groups of notches, the first group is provided with one notch, the second group is provided with two notches parallel to the width direction, the third group is provided with two notches parallel to the length direction, and the size range of the notches is as follows: 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 50-4000 mu m, the three dimensions are depth, width and length in sequence, the space between the grooves on the second test block is 20-60 mu m, the test block is printed by adopting a powder bed cladding method, the dimension of a PBF printing matrix is 10000-50000 mu m is multiplied by 800-2000 mu m, and the three dimensions are length, width and thickness in sequence;
b. aiming at the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and splashing and the like, a third test block is manufactured, and holes with the hole diameters in two ranges are arranged on the third test block: phi 80-120 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, phi 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, the sizes are respectively diameter and depth, the holes are divided into through holes and non-through holes, and the opening depth range of the non-through holes is as follows: 0-1/2 wall thickness, the spacing of each of the holes having two dimensions: 80-120 mu m and 20-60 mu m, wherein the third test block is formed by printing by adopting a matrix powder bed cladding method, the size of a printed matrix is 10000-50000 mu m multiplied by 800-1200 mu m, and the three sizes are length, width and thickness in sequence;
(II) detecting the test block
The method comprises the steps that an off-line ultrasonic detection process is adopted for detecting and detecting a test block 3, an industrial personal computer is adopted to control a laser emission controller 2 to generate excitation ultrasonic waves on the surface of the test block, the industrial personal computer is adopted to control a laser receiving controller 1 to excite and receive another laser beam to receive an excitation ultrasonic action signal on the surface of a standard part, when the detection and detection are carried out at the same time, the focal spot diameter and the distance between the two laser beams are a certain value, and meanwhile, the industrial personal computer controls an automatic displacement platform 4 to bear a powder bed to melt and print the test block to move in; the pulse laser and the interferometer excite ultrasonic energy to be 0.1 mj-1.5 mj, the size of focal spots generated by the two instruments is 0.01-2 mm, the distance is 0.1-3 mm, and the rectangular movement distance is 0.05-1 mm.
(III) obtaining the result display picture of the test block
And (IV) carrying out ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected to obtain an object result display graph, and comparing the obtained test block result display graph serving as a judgment standard with the object result display graph to obtain the defect type and size of the object to be detected. And information such as curve type and size can also be judged by a visual detection camera through pixel comparison.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. An off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(I) sample preparation
a. The method comprises the following steps of manufacturing a first test block and a second test block with two notch sizes aiming at area defects such as cracks and incomplete fusion, wherein three groups of notches are arranged on the first test block, one notch is arranged in the first group, two notches which are parallel in the width direction are arranged in the second group, two notches which are parallel in the length direction are arranged in the third group, and the size range of the notches is as follows: 80-120 mu m multiplied by 100-4000 mu m, the three sizes are depth, width and length in sequence, and the space between the grooves on the first test block is 80-120 mu m; the second test block is provided with three groups of notches, the first group is provided with one notch, the second group is provided with two notches parallel to the width direction, the third group is provided with two notches parallel to the length direction, and the size range of the notches is as follows: 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 50-4000 mu m, the three dimensions are depth, width and length in sequence, the space between the grooves on the second test block is 20-60 mu m, the test block is printed by adopting a powder bed cladding method, the dimension of a PBF printing matrix is 10000-50000 mu m is multiplied by 800-2000 mu m, and the three dimensions are length, width and thickness in sequence;
b. aiming at the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and splashing and the like, a third test block is manufactured, and holes with the hole diameters in two ranges are arranged on the third test block: phi 80-120 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, phi 20-60 mu m is multiplied by 1500-2500 mu m, the sizes are respectively diameter and depth, the holes are divided into through holes and non-through holes, and the opening depth range of the non-through holes is as follows: 0-1/2 wall thickness, the spacing of each of the holes having two dimensions: 80-120 mu m and 20-60 mu m, wherein the third test block is formed by printing by adopting a matrix powder bed cladding method, the size of a printed matrix is 10000-50000 mu m multiplied by 800-1200 mu m, and the three sizes are length, width and thickness in sequence;
(II) detecting the test block
The method comprises the following steps of detecting and detecting a test block by adopting an off-line ultrasonic detection process, controlling a laser emission controller to generate excitation ultrasonic waves on the surface of the test block by adopting an industrial personal computer, controlling a laser receiving controller to excite and receive another laser beam to receive an excitation ultrasonic action signal on the surface of a standard part by adopting the industrial personal computer, controlling the diameter and the distance of focal spots generated by the two laser beams to be a certain value during the same detection and detection, and simultaneously controlling an automatic displacement platform to bear a powder bed to melt and print the test block to perform rectangular movement;
(III) obtaining the result display picture of the test block
And (IV) carrying out ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected to obtain an object result display graph, and comparing the obtained test block result display graph serving as a judgment standard with the object result display graph to obtain the defect type and size of the object to be detected.
2. The off-line ultrasonic nondestructive testing method for PBF additive manufacturing of claim 1 wherein: the pulse laser and the interferometer excite ultrasonic energy to be 0.1 mj-1.5 mj, the size of focal spots generated by the two instruments is 0.01-2 mm, the distance is 0.1-3 mm, and the rectangular movement distance is 0.05-1 mm.
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2020
- 2020-12-01 CN CN202011385391.5A patent/CN112834620A/en active Pending
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