CN112834612A - 基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法 - Google Patents

基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法 Download PDF

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CN112834612A
CN112834612A CN201910546483.8A CN201910546483A CN112834612A CN 112834612 A CN112834612 A CN 112834612A CN 201910546483 A CN201910546483 A CN 201910546483A CN 112834612 A CN112834612 A CN 112834612A
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贾兵
张阳
李桂娟
陈云飞
王睿
张明伟
高峰
雍***
王振山
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Csic No760 Institute
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法，属于冰层下溢油灾害探测和水中目标声散射特性研究领域。其特征是基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法，首先选用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，在模具中制备海冰层，将浮体模具倒置于测试水域，从下方注油，建立海水‑溢油‑冰层的多层介质；然后设计测试水深，确保发射波束宽度小于多层介质尺度；最后进行坐底式声散射特性测试，分析得到多层介质的声散射特性。本发明的效果和益处是利用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，制备海水‑溢油‑冰层的多层介质，既解决了实验室内测试冰下溢油高频声散射特性中冰层和油层的不可控问题，又避免模具材料的声学干扰。

Description

基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法
技术领域
本发明属于冰下溢油灾害探测和水中目标声散射特性研究领域，涉及到海水中油层声散射特性研究、水中分层液体声散射特性测试技术，具体涉及到一种基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油高频声散射特性实验室测试方法。
背景技术
在极地附近的航道上，结冰海区往往存在着冰下溢油，对海洋造成严重的环境污染隐患。而将传统卫星和雷达对海洋溢油监测技术应用于冰下溢油灾害的监测时，会面对难于穿透海冰层的情况，因此急需发展探测冰下溢油的新技术。由于声波在水下传播的天然优势，冰下溢油声学探测技术是目前最具有发展前景的技术手段之一。冰下溢油主要表现为形成了海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质，水下高频声波在这种多层介质及其中介质间交界面中产生的声散射特性，可以作为冰下溢油存在与否的判据。
有效获取海水-溢油-冰层多层介质的声散射特性数据，提取声散射特征，是研究冰下溢油探测手段的基础。通常的在开阔水域进行冰下溢油特性测试，冰层结构、油层厚度等参数难于控制，因此在冰下溢油特性和探测方法研究中，可先期采用在实验室中模拟相应的水下环境进行测试。实验室测试方法具有条件可控的优点，但是在冰下溢油测试研究中，冰层的制备、油层漂浮范围的控制等问题需要解决。
在实验室水池环境下进行冰下溢油高频声散射特性测试时，可设计一种漂浮在水面的浮体结构，将冰层和油层控制在一定的测试区域，利用在水池底部放置的高频窄波束声纳***获取海水-溢油-冰层介质的声散射数据，进而分析冰下溢油的声散射特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质制备方法以及这种多层介质的高频声散射特性测试方法，解决实验室环境下海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质的声散射特性获取问题。
本发明的技术方案：首先选用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，在浮体模具中制备海冰层，测试时，将浮体模具倒置于测试水域，并通过软管将油注入，利用实验室水池内的海水浮力将油层托起，并利用透声吸油膜将油层与海水隔开，这样在海水层上建立海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质；然后，基于发射换能器开角进行测试水深设计，确保发射波束宽度小于多层介质尺度；最后进行坐底式海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质声散射特性测试，获取海水-溢油-冰层的回声数据；进而分析得到多层介质的回声强度特性。
本发明的效果和益处是利用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，制备海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质，既解决了实验室测试中冰层和油层的不可控问题，又避免了模具材料的声学干扰；采用高频声纳***对多层介质进行回波测试，实现在实验室水池环境下对冰下溢油高频声散射特性获取。
附图说明
附图1是利用透声浮力模具制备海冰层
附图2是制备海水-油层-冰层分层结构
附图3是海水-油层-冰层分层结构声散射特性测试态势图
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
步骤一：
海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质制备。选用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，根据需要在浮体模具中注入深度d1海水，放入冷冻设施中制备海冰层，得到厚度为d2的海冰层(图1)。
海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质制备。将浮体模具倒置于水面，并沟通过软管将油注入厚度为d3的油层，利用海水浮力将油层托起，在油和海水中间放置透声吸油膜，这样在海水层上建立海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质(图2)
步骤二：
根据发射换能器的发射波束宽度和海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质的尺度，设计测试深度，要求满足下式：
Figure BSA0000185060080000021
其中，h为发射换能器布放深度、d2为海冰层厚度、d3为油层厚度、φ为发射波束宽度，W为模具的水平宽度，即多层介质的水平尺度。
步骤三：
根据海水-油层-冰层多层结构声散射特性测试态势图进行测试***布放和测试(图3)。
步骤四：
利用收发合置高频换能器测试得到的海水-油层-冰层多层结构的回波声信号s(t)，计算得到多层结构的回波强度特性ES。
ES＝20lg(S(t)oc)-Mp (2)
其中，S(t)oc为收发合置换能器接收的回波信号的电压有效值，Mp为收发合置换能器的灵敏度，由换能器自身性能决定。
步骤五：
分层介质回收。利用软管将油层回收至存贮装置，利用透声吸油膜覆盖浮体模具开口，回收浮体装置。

Claims (1)

1.基于透声浮体模具的海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质制备方法。该方法选用透声、低密度材料构建浮体模具，在浮体模具中制备海冰层，测试时，将浮体模具倒置于测试水域，并通过软管将油注入，利用实验室水池内的海水浮力将油层托起，这样在海水层上建立海水-溢油-冰层的多层介质。
CN201910546483.8A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 基于透声浮体模具的冰下溢油声散射特性实验室测试方法 Pending CN112834612A (zh)

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Citations (3)

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JP2003276680A (ja) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-02 National Maritime Research Institute 流出油回収装置
KR20140003053A (ko) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-09 한국해양과학기술원 해상표면흐름 모사체 유출유 대용 실험장치
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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2003276680A (ja) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-02 National Maritime Research Institute 流出油回収装置
KR20140003053A (ko) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-09 한국해양과학기술원 해상표면흐름 모사체 유출유 대용 실험장치
CN109298410A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-02-01 北京遥测技术研究所 一种海洋溢油探测激光雷达

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