CN112832742B - Well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 217
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and a using method thereof, wherein the experiment device comprises a roller assembly, an experiment fluid flow pipeline assembly and a camera guide rail assembly; the roller assembly comprises a roller and a driving piece for driving the roller to rotate; the experimental fluid flow pipeline assembly comprises a displacement liquid tank, a displaced liquid tank, a transparent pipe wound on the roller, a flow pipeline and a waste liquid tank, wherein the transparent pipe is respectively communicated with the displacement liquid tank, the displaced liquid tank and the waste liquid tank through the flow pipeline; the camera guide rail assembly includes a camera for capturing a replacement interface within the transparent tube. The invention can simulate long-time well cementation displacement and observe and quantify a well cementation displacement interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well cementation, in particular to a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and a using method thereof.
Background
In the well cementation project, cement slurry is injected from a wellhead, reaches the bottom of a well through a casing, then returns upwards through an annulus, so that the cement slurry replaces the casing and drilling fluid in the annulus, and the cement slurry circularly reaches a preset position of the annulus; after the cement slurry is hardened, the cement slurry is coagulated into cement stones with good sealing performance, and the cement stones and the casing pipe and the well wall form good cementation, so that the purposes of interlayer packing and casing pipe protection are achieved, and further drilling or well completion construction is required.
In the process of replacing the drilling fluid by the cement slurry, the junction of the cement slurry and the drilling fluid is called a replacement interface, and the form and the length of the replacement interface reflect the mixing degree of the two-phase fluid. Related studies have shown that: the displacement interface is too long and unstable, which may cause mixing of drilling fluid and cement slurry and retention of the drilling fluid in channeling; the cementing capability of a cement-stone interface is influenced, the sealing performance of the cement-stone is reduced, and finally annular channeling is generated, so that an ideal well cementation effect cannot be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to use a laboratory means or method to perform simulation experiment research on the well cementation displacement interface, and describe and quantify the form of the well cementation displacement interface to obtain the change rule of the well cementation displacement interface.
At present, with the deep exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas at home and abroad, deep wells and ultra-deep wells are more and more, narrow safe pressure windows at deep well sections are increasingly well-fixed, and the density and rheological property of drilling fluid, cement paste and pad fluid in a slurry column structure have larger difference; meanwhile, the time from the wellhead to the bottom of the well and returning to the preset position of the annulus is very long, during the period, how a displacement interface of two-phase fluid develops, whether drilling fluid and cement slurry are mixed or not is unknown, whether the expected isolation and flushing effects and the well cementation effect can be achieved or not is unknown, and further research on the form change and the stability rule of the well cementation displacement interface is urgently needed to draw a certain conclusion and guide well cementation construction. At present, the research on the well cementation displacement interface has the following defects:
1. the research on displacement interfaces is mostly carried out by using a computer numerical simulation method, the numerical simulation method can get rid of the limitation of a laboratory, simulate the displacement process in a straight well, a horizontal well and an inclined well, extract a displacement process profile and visually present the displacement interface form in the process of replacing drilling fluid with cement slurry. However, the numerical simulation is based on a fluid mechanics theoretical formula and a well cementation displacement ideal model, the simulation calculation result may be too ideal and not in line with the actual displacement process in the well, and the numerical simulation result cannot be verified. Therefore, the numerical simulation studies have certain limitations in the conclusions drawn.
2. A certain number of well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment devices have appeared in related well cementation displacement interface researches, the devices generally adopt a transparent circular tube to simulate underground annular space, similar liquid of well cementation displacement fluid is used for carrying out a small-range simulation experiment on a well cementation displacement process, and the form change of a displacement interface in the experiment device is observed by controlling related factors influencing the displacement interface. However, due to the limitation of laboratory conditions, such a well cementation displacement interface experimental apparatus can only simulate the displacement process of several meters, and cannot observe the morphological change of the well cementation displacement interface in the long-time displacement, which is not consistent with the actual displacement process of hundreds of kilometers or even tens of kilometers in the well.
3. At present, the research on the morphology of the well cementation displacement interface still stays in a qualitative stage, the industry does not form a unified standard for description and evaluation of the displacement interface, and an effective method for quantifying the morphology of the displacement interface based on the existing laboratory instruments and means is also lacked.
In view of the defects of the current displacement interface research, the related displacement interface simulation experiment devices have certain defects, and the requirements of the form change and the stability rule of the displacement interface in the long-time displacement process in the underground caused by the increasing construction of the well cementation of the ultra-deep well of the current deep well, the industry urgently needs a simulation experiment device which can simulate the long-time well cementation displacement, observe and quantify the well cementation displacement interface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device and a using method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device comprises:
the roller assembly comprises a roller and a driving piece for driving the roller to rotate;
the experimental fluid flow pipeline assembly comprises a displacement liquid tank, a displaced liquid tank, a transparent pipe wound on the roller, a flow pipeline and a waste liquid tank, wherein the transparent pipe is respectively communicated with the displacement liquid tank, the displaced liquid tank and the waste liquid tank through the flow pipeline;
a camera rail assembly including a camera for capturing a replacement interface within a transparent tube.
Further, the driving part comprises a gear which is arranged below two ends of the roller and meshed with the roller, the gear is provided with a motor for driving the gear to rotate, and the gear is provided with a support frame; preferably, the number of the gears below the two ends of the roller is 2, so as to support the roller.
Furthermore, the displacement liquid tank and the replaced liquid tank are positioned on one side of the roller, the waste liquid tank is positioned on the other side of the roller, one end of the transparent pipe wound on the roller is respectively connected with the displacement liquid tank and the replaced liquid tank through a flow pipeline, and the other end of the transparent pipe is communicated with the waste liquid tank through a flow pipeline.
Furthermore, the transparent pipe is a single-layer or double-layer transparent pipe, and a two-phase flow displacement simulation experiment is carried out in the single-layer transparent pipe or between the inner pipe and the outer pipe of the double-layer transparent pipe, so that the aim of simulating the displacement process in the underground casing pipe or the annular space is fulfilled.
Furthermore, a flow meter, a variable frequency pump and a valve are arranged on the flow pipeline.
Further, in the first embodiment, the camera guide rail assembly further comprises a guide rail with the same axial length as the roller, and the guide rail is arranged on one side of the roller in parallel; the guide rail is slidably provided with an installation platform, and the camera is installed on the installation platform; the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley and can horizontally move on the guide rail at a constant speed, and the camera shoots a displacement interface of two-phase fluid in the transparent pipe wound on the roller when moving along the guide rail along with the mounting table at a constant speed. When two-phase displacement fluid in the displacement experiment flows in the transparent pipe, according to the discharge capacity in the pipeline in the experimentation, rationally set up mount table horizontal migration speed and the rotational speed of cylinder on the guide rail for be in the cylinder positive side (the one side that the camera was shot) all the time in the displacement interface motion process, can aim at all the time and shoot the displacement interface when making a video recording along with mount table horizontal migration simultaneously, make a small segment transparent pipe of cylinder positive side can regard as the straight well annular space.
Further, in a second embodiment, the camera guide rail assembly further includes a plurality of guide rails evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drum, each guide rail is arranged in parallel with the drum, each guide rail is slidably provided with a mounting table, and the camera is mounted on the mounting table; the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley, and the displacement interface is shot from multiple angles in the process of synchronous uniform motion of the cameras on the guide rail along with the mounting table. When two-phase displacement fluid in a displacement experiment flows in the transparent pipe, a driving motor is not required to be started to drive the roller to rotate, the movement speed of the displacement interface in the transparent pipe in the horizontal direction is calculated according to the specific displacement of the experiment, the horizontal movement speed of the mounting table on the plurality of groups of guide rails is adjusted, and the plurality of cameras can synchronously shoot the form change of the displacement interface from multiple angles.
Furthermore, two ends of the guide rails are fixedly connected through an annular support frame.
Furthermore, length scale marks are marked on the transparent tube, and the form of the displacement interface is quantified by adopting a method for reading the length of the displacement interface.
A use method based on the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
(1) when the device is used, the distance between the roller and the ground is adjusted on the support frame, the variable frequency pump, the driving motor and the power supply of the electric pulley of the mounting table on the guide rail are switched on, the liquid injection ports of the displacement liquid tank and the displaced liquid tank are opened, and drilling fluid and cement paste or similar liquid required by a displacement experiment are injected;
(2) controlling the switches of the three valves, opening a main valve and a replaced liquid valve, opening a variable frequency pump, pumping out the replaced liquid, enabling the replaced liquid to flow to fill the whole flow pipeline until the replaced liquid flows into a waste liquid tank, and closing the variable frequency pump;
(3) and controlling the opening and closing of the three valves, keeping the main valve open, closing the displaced liquid valve, opening the variable frequency pump again, pumping out the displaced liquid, enabling the two-phase fluid displacement interface to move to the front side surface (one side shot by a camera) of the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller, and closing the variable frequency pump.
(4) Adjusting the distance between the guide rail of the camera and the ground, installing the camera on the installation platform, and adjusting the horizontal position of the installation platform on the guide rail, so that the camera on the installation platform is aligned to the displacement interface of the two-phase fluid in the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller.
(5) Turning on the variable frequency pump, adjusting the power of the variable frequency pump to enable the discharge capacity of the two-phase fluid in the pipeline to reach the discharge capacity of the experimental design, and reading the flow of the flowmeter; calculating the horizontal velocity v of the displacement interface on the guide rail1And angular velocity ω in the vertical direction of the displacement interface1In the first embodiment, the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is adjusted2And angular velocity ω of drum rotation2(ii) a In the second embodiment, the driving motor is not required to be turned on to rotate the roller, and only the horizontal speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is required to be adjusted2Velocity v in horizontal direction of displacement interface1The same;
(6) and (3) turning on a power supply of the camera, starting shooting, recording the form change of the displacement interface in the transparent tube until the mounting table on the guide rail moves to the tail end of the guide rail and stops moving, turning off the power supply of the electric pulley of the mounting table, and taking down the camera from the mounting table.
(7) And (4) turning off the power supplies of the variable frequency pump and the driving motor, stopping replacing the flow of the experimental fluid and the rotation of the roller, and closing all valves.
(8) And extracting a shot displacement interface picture from the camera, performing certain post-processing by adopting video processing software, reading the length of the displacement interface according to the above-mentioned method, and quantifying the form of the displacement interface.
Further, in the step (5), the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table is calculated according to the specific displacement in the experiment process in the displacement experiment2Angular velocity omega downward of rotation of the drum2The formula of (1) is as follows:
v1＝v2 (1)
ω1＝-ω2 (2)
in the formula: v. of1-the speed of movement of the displacement interface in the horizontal direction, m/s;
v2-the speed of horizontal movement of the mounting table on the guide rail, m/s;
ω1-displacing the angular velocity of the upward movement of the interface, rad/s;
ω2-angular speed of rotation of the drum downwards, rad/s;
q-flow rate, m, measured by a flowmeter3/s；
d is the distance between two adjacent circles of transparent tubes, m;
r is the distance from the center of the roller to the central axis of the transparent tube, m;
r1，r2-the outer diameter of the inner tube of the transparent tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube, m;
pi is the circumference ratio, and is dimensionless.
The method for quantifying the form of the displacement interface comprises the following steps: the whole transparent tube is marked with length scale lines, and the form of the displacement interface is quantized by reading the length of the displacement interface in the displacement experiment process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device disclosed by the invention achieves the purpose of simulating the displacement process in a downhole casing or an annular space by winding a plurality of circles of single-layer or double-layer transparent pipes on a large roller and performing a two-phase flow displacement simulation experiment in the single-layer transparent pipe or between an inner pipe and an outer pipe of the double-layer transparent pipe; in the first embodiment of the device, the horizontal moving speed of the mounting table on the guide rail and the rotating speed of the roller are reasonably adjusted according to the displacement in the flow pipeline in the experiment, so that the displacement interface is always positioned in a small section of transparent pipe ring space on the front side surface of the roller in the displacement experiment process, and meanwhile, a horizontally moving camera on the guide rail can be always aligned to the displacement interface, the purposes of simulating a vertical well ring space, observing for a long time and shooting the form change of the displacement interface are achieved, and the defect that the conventional displacement interface experiment device can only simulate the displacement process of several meters is overcome; in the second embodiment of the device, a plurality of groups of parallel guide rails are arranged on the annular support frame, and a plurality of cameras are used for synchronously shooting the alternative interface on the guide rails, so that the problem that the alternative interface is too long and a single camera cannot completely cover the shooting can be prevented, and meanwhile, a motor does not need to be opened to drive the roller to rotate, so that the energy consumption of the device in the experimental process is reduced; the device quantifies the form of the displacement interface by marking length scale lines on the whole transparent tube wound on the roller and adopting a method for reading the length of the displacement interface, and provides a quantification method for the form of the well cementation displacement interface.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic connection relationship diagram of a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a camera guide rail assembly of the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a roller assembly of the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the inner structure of a double-layer transparent tube of the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device disclosed by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment apparatus disclosed in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of another embodiment of a well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment apparatus disclosed in the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a guide rail; 2-a support frame; 3, mounting a table and a pulley; 4-a camera; 5-waste liquid tank; 6-a flow conduit; 7-a flow meter; 8-a variable frequency pump; 9-a valve; 10-displacement liquid tank; 11-a displaced liquid tank; 12-a drive motor; 13-a transparent tube; 14-a roller; 15-gear (drive shaft); 16-a support frame.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, the novel well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device consists of an experiment fluid flow pipeline assembly, a camera guide rail assembly and a roller assembly.
The experimental fluid flow pipeline assembly consists of a waste liquid tank 5, a flow pipeline 6, a flowmeter 7, a variable frequency pump 8, a valve 9, a displacement liquid tank 10, a displaced liquid tank 11 and a transparent pipe 13 wound on a roller.
The waste liquid box 5 is used for containing mixed waste liquid of the two-phase fluid after the completion of the well cementation displacement simulation experiment, and one side of the bottom end of the waste liquid box is provided with a liquid discharge port which can discharge the experiment waste liquid after pollution-free treatment.
The flow pipeline 6 is communicated with a liquid tank for containing displacement liquid and displaced liquid, a transparent pipe wound on the roller and a waste liquid tank, and is a channel for flowing of two-phase fluid in an experiment, the flow pipeline is made of a transparent PVC pipe, and a flow meter 7, a variable frequency pump 8 and a valve 9 are arranged on the flow pipeline.
The flowmeter 7 is used for measuring the flow of the two-phase fluid in the flow pipeline; the variable frequency pump 8 is used for pumping the displacing liquid and the displaced liquid out of respective liquid tanks and providing power for the flow of the experimental fluid, and the flow of the two-phase fluid in the flow pipeline is changed by adjusting the power of the variable frequency pump; the displacement fluid or displaced fluid to be pumped is controlled by switching three valves 9: 1. opening the main valve and the replaced liquid valve, closing the replacing liquid valve, and pumping out the replaced liquid; 2. opening the main valve and the displacement liquid valve, closing the displaced liquid valve, and pumping out the displacement liquid; 3. and when all three valves are closed, stopping pumping the test fluid into the flow pipeline.
The displacement liquid tank 10 and the replaced liquid tank 11 are respectively used for containing drilling fluid and cement paste or similar liquid used in a displacement interface simulation experiment, and one side of the upper parts of the two liquid tanks is provided with a liquid injection port for injecting fluid required by the experiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the camera guide rail assembly is composed of a guide rail 1, a support frame 2, a mounting table and pulley 3 and a camera 4.
The guide rail 1 and the support frame 2 are both made of steel and are installed together by nuts to form a whole camera guide rail assembly main body, the whole guide rail is placed on one side of the roller, the axial direction of the guide rail is parallel to the axial direction of the roller, and the length of the guide rail is equal to the axial length of the roller. The distance between the guide rail and the ground can be changed by adjusting the mounting position of the nut; in the replacement experiment process, the height of the guide rail is adjusted, so that the height of a camera mounted on the guide rail is consistent with the height of the front side of the transparent tube wound on the roller, and the camera can be aligned to and shoot a two-phase interface of the simulated replacement flow wound in the front side of the roller.
The guide rail is provided with an installation platform 3 for installing and fixing the camera and driving the camera to horizontally move on the guide rail at a constant speed. The mounting table is used for fixing the camera by using a nut, the movement of the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley at the bottom of the mounting table, and the mounting table can horizontally move on the guide rail from one end to the other end at a constant speed after being electrified; the mounting table is provided with a speed adjusting switch, the horizontal moving speed of the mounting table on the guide rail can be adjusted according to the moving speed of the two-phase interface in the displacement experiment, and the horizontal moving speed of the camera and the mounting table is kept to be the same as the moving speed of the two-phase fluid displacement interface in the transparent pipe in the horizontal direction.
The camera 4 is a high-speed camera, moves horizontally on the guide rail at a constant speed along with the mounting table, and is used for shooting and recording to replace the interface form.
As shown in fig. 3, the roller assembly is composed of a driving motor 12, a roller 14, a gear (transmission shaft) 15, and a supporting frame 16.
The roller 14 and the gear (transmission shaft) 15 form a main body of the whole roller assembly, the support frame 16 is used for supporting the whole roller assembly, and the roller, the gear, the support frame and the like are all made of steel, so that the distance between the roller and the ground can be adjusted on the support frame.
The gear 15 is engaged with the lower part of the two ends of the roller 14, the roller 14 is driven to rotate when the gear 15 rotates, and the driving motor 12 is used for providing power for the rotation of the gear 15 and is connected with the gear 15 through an electric wire. The power of the driving motor is adjusted, the rotating speed of the gear and the roller is changed, so that the angular speed of the upward movement of the two-phase fluid displacement interface wound in the transparent pipe on the roller is consistent with the angular speed of the downward rotation of the roller, the displacement interface is kept on the front side (one side shot by the camera) of the roller all the time in the movement process, the displacement interface in the transparent pipe can be shot by the camera all the time when the camera horizontally moves at a constant speed on the guide rail, the length of the transparent pipe which can be shot is increased effectively, and the utilization rate of the transparent pipe is increased.
The transparent tubes 13 are wound and fixed outside the roller by nuts, the distance between two adjacent circles of transparent tubes is equal, and the transparent tubes rotate along with the rotation of the roller; the transparent pipe is made of a single-layer or double-layer PVC pipe, and the single-layer pipe is used for simulating a displacement process in the sleeve; the outer pipe in the double-layer pipe is used for simulating a well wall, the inner pipe is used for simulating a sleeve, the inner pipe extends to the two ends of the joint of the two ends of the roller and the flowing pipeline in the outer pipe, the two ends of the joint are sealed, the displacement liquid and the displaced liquid flow between the inner pipe and the outer pipe, and the displacement experiment is carried out by simulating the process of displacing drilling fluid by cement slurry in an underground annulus. A small section of the transparent tube positioned on the front side surface (the side shot by the camera) of the roller can be regarded as a downhole vertical well annulus; adjusting the distance between the guide rail and the ground and the horizontal position of the mounting table on the guide rail to make the camera align to the small section of the transparent pipe, shooting a displacement interface of the two-phase fluid in the small section of the transparent pipe after the mounting table starts to move on the guide rail, and recording the movement and form change of the two-phase fluid displacement interface; the volume of the whole displacement interface simulation experiment device is reduced, and the purposes of observing and shooting the form change of the well cementation displacement interface for a long time are achieved.
As shown in FIG. 4, the internal structure of the double-layer transparent tube 13 has an inner tube with an outer diameter r1The inner diameter of the outer tube is r2The inner pipe is kept centered in the outer pipe at equal intervals by a centralizer structure 17 shown in the figure, the centralizer structure is sleeved on the inner pipe of the transparent pipe, and the centralizer structure is positioned on the transparent inner pipe by a hoop; the two ends of the transparent pipe are connected with the flow pipelines by adopting rotary joints, so that the transparent pipe wound on the roller rotates along with the roller and the rest flow pipelines do not rotate, and the sealing performance of the whole device is ensured.
The quantification method of the experimental device displacement interface comprises the following steps: the whole transparent tube wound on the roller is marked with length scale lines, so that the length of the displacement interface can be observed and read at any time in the process of shooting the movement of the displacement interface, and the form of the displacement interface is quantized.
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the whole device, wherein the distance from the center of the roller to the central axis of the transparent tube is R, and the distance between two adjacent circles of the transparent tubes is d. In the experimental process, in order to ensure that the camera is always aligned with the displacement interface in the transparent tube when moving on the guide rail and the displacement interface in the transparent tube is always positioned on the positive side surface of the roller when moving, the angular velocity omega of the upward movement of the displacement interface in the transparent tube is required to be ensured1Equal to the angular velocity omega of the drum in the direction of rotation2While displacing the speed v of the interface in the horizontal direction1Equal to the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail2Such as formula 1, formula 2.
v1＝v2 (1)
ω1＝-ω2 (2)
In the formula: v. of1-the speed of movement of the displacement interface in the horizontal direction, m/s;
v2-the speed of horizontal movement of the mounting table on the guide rail, m/s;
ω1-displacing the angular velocity of the upward movement of the interface, rad/s;
ω2-angular speed of rotation of the drum downwards, rad/s.
Assuming that the flow measured by the flowmeter 7 in the simulation displacement experiment is Q, according to the relation between the annular flow and the average flow velocity of the displacement fluid in the annular space, the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is2Angular velocity omega downward of rotation of the drum2The calculation method of (3) is as formula 3, formula 4.
In the formula: q-flow rate, m, measured by a flowmeter3/s；
d is the distance between two adjacent circles of transparent tubes, m;
r is the distance from the center of the roller to the central axis of the transparent tube, m;
r1，r2-the outer diameter of the inner tube of the transparent tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube, m;
pi is the circumference ratio, and is dimensionless.
A second embodiment of the apparatus is provided in fig. 6, in which the roller assemblies and test fluid flow conduit assemblies are unchanged, and the single guide rail on one side of the roller assemblies in the first embodiment is changed to a plurality of sets of parallel guide rails mounted on a toroidal support; the angles at intervals between each group of guide rails are the same; the same installation tables and cameras are arranged on the guide rails, the installation tables on each guide rail can be controlled to synchronously move at a constant speed along the guide rails through the speed adjusting switches on the installation tables, the cameras shoot the displacement interfaces in the transparent tubes from multiple angles along with the installation tables in the process of constant speed movement, most regions of the transparent tubes can be effectively shot in the displacement experiment process, and the high utilization rate of the transparent tubes is guaranteed.
In the embodiment, the driving motor is not required to be turned on to adjust the rotating speed of the roller to be matched with the speed of the displacement interface in the vertical direction, so that the displacement interface is always positioned on the front side surface of a small section of transparent tube wound on the roller, and only the small section of transparent tube is required to be wound on the rollerCalculating the horizontal movement velocity v of the displacement interface in the transparent tube according to the specific displacement of the experiment1And adjusting the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the plurality of groups of guide rails2And v1The same; meanwhile, the energy consumption of the experimental device in the operation process can be reduced compared with the first embodiment because the driving roller is not required to rotate. Another advantage of this embodiment is that if the displacement interface is not stable enough, blended much, and the interface is long, the single camera on one side of the drum may not be able to capture the entire displacement interface in the first embodiment, which ensures coverage of the entire displacement interface by multiple cameras on multiple sets of rails capturing the displacement interface from different angles.
The novel well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device achieves the purpose of simulating the displacement process in a well casing or an annular space by winding a plurality of circles of single-layer or double-layer transparent pipes on a large roller and performing a two-phase flow displacement simulation experiment in the single-layer transparent pipes or between the inner pipes and the outer pipes of the double-layer transparent pipes; in the first embodiment of the device, the horizontal moving speed of the mounting table on the guide rail and the rotating speed of the roller are reasonably adjusted according to the displacement in the flow pipeline in the experiment, so that the displacement interface is always positioned in a small section of transparent pipe ring space on the front side surface of the roller in the displacement experiment process, and meanwhile, a horizontally moving camera on the guide rail can be always aligned to the displacement interface, the purposes of simulating a vertical well ring space, observing for a long time and shooting the form change of the displacement interface are achieved, and the defect that the conventional displacement interface experiment device can only simulate the displacement process of several meters is overcome; in the second embodiment of the device, a plurality of groups of parallel guide rails are arranged on the annular supporting frame, and a plurality of cameras are used for synchronously shooting the alternative interface on the guide rails, so that the problem that the alternative interface is too long and a single camera cannot completely cover the shooting can be prevented, and meanwhile, a motor does not need to be opened to drive the roller to rotate, so that the energy consumption of the device in the experimental process is reduced; the device quantifies the form of the displacement interface by marking length scale lines on the whole transparent tube wound on the roller and adopting a method for reading the length of the displacement interface, and provides a quantification method for the form of the well cementation displacement interface.
The application method of the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
1. when the device is used, a proper distance between the roller and the ground is adjusted on the support frame 16, the power supply of the variable frequency pump 8, the driving motor 12 and the electric pulley of the mounting table 3 on the guide rail is switched on, the liquid injection ports of the displacement liquid tank 10 and the displaced liquid tank 11 are opened, and drilling fluid and cement paste or similar liquid required by a displacement experiment is injected.
2. Controlling the opening and closing of the three valves 9, opening the main valve and the replaced liquid valve, opening the variable frequency pump 8, pumping out the replaced liquid, enabling the replaced liquid to flow to fill the whole flow pipeline until the replaced liquid flows into the waste liquid tank, and closing the variable frequency pump.
3. And controlling the opening and closing of the three valves 9, keeping the main valve open, closing the displaced liquid valve, opening the variable frequency pump 8 again, pumping out the displaced liquid, enabling the two-phase fluid displacement interface to move to the front side surface (the shooting side of the camera) of the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller, and closing the variable frequency pump.
4. Adjusting the distance between the guide rail 1 of the camera and the ground, installing the camera 4 on the installation platform 3, and adjusting the horizontal position of the installation platform 3 on the guide rail, so that the camera 4 on the installation platform is aligned to the displacement interface of the two-phase fluid in the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller.
5. Turning on the variable frequency pump 8, adjusting the power of the variable frequency pump 8 to enable the discharge capacity of the two-phase fluid in the pipeline to reach the discharge capacity of the experimental design, and reading the flow of the flowmeter 7; according to the formulas (3) and (4), calculating the speed v of the displacement interface on the guide rail in the horizontal direction1And angular velocity ω in the vertical direction of the displacement interface1In the first embodiment, the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is adjusted2And angular velocity ω of drum rotation2(ii) a In the second embodiment, the driving motor is not required to be turned on to rotate the roller, and only the horizontal speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is required to be adjusted2Velocity v in horizontal direction of displacement interface1The same is true.
6. And (3) turning on a power supply of the camera 4, starting shooting, recording the form change of the displacement interface in the transparent tube until the mounting table on the guide rail moves to the tail end of the guide rail and stops moving, turning off the power supply of the electric pulley of the mounting table, and taking down the camera from the mounting table.
7. The power supply of the variable frequency pump 8 and the driving motor 12 is turned off, the flow of the replacement test fluid and the rotation of the drum are stopped, and all the valves 9 are closed.
8. And extracting a shot displacement interface picture from the camera, performing certain post-processing by adopting video processing software, reading the length of the displacement interface according to the above-mentioned method, and quantifying the form of the displacement interface.
Method for cleaning the device after the experiment was completed:
1. opening all valves 9, switching on a power supply of a variable frequency pump 8, and pumping out all residual liquid in the pipeline, the displacement liquid tank 10 and the residual liquid in the displaced liquid tank 11 until all residual liquid flows into a waste liquid tank; and after the waste liquid in the waste liquid tank is subjected to pollution-free treatment, opening a liquid outlet of the waste liquid tank, and discharging all the waste liquid.
2. And (3) injecting washing liquid into the displacement liquid tank 10 and the displaced liquid tank 11, starting the variable frequency pump 8, driving the washing liquid to flow to fill the whole flow pipeline, and washing the whole pipeline.
3. After the cleaning is finished, the power supply of the variable frequency pump is turned off after the flushing liquid in the pipeline completely flows into the waste liquid tank 5, all valves are turned off, and the flushing liquid is discharged from a liquid outlet of the waste liquid tank 5.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments or portions thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising:
the roller assembly comprises a roller and a driving piece for driving the roller to rotate;
the experimental fluid flow pipeline assembly comprises a displacement liquid tank, a displaced liquid tank, a transparent pipe wound on the roller, a flow pipeline and a waste liquid tank, wherein the transparent pipe is respectively communicated with the displacement liquid tank, the displaced liquid tank and the waste liquid tank through the flow pipeline;
the camera guide rail assembly comprises a camera and a camera module, wherein the camera is used for shooting a displacement interface in the transparent pipe;
the camera guide rail assembly also comprises a guide rail with the same axial length as the roller, and the guide rail is arranged on one side of the roller in parallel; the guide rail is slidably provided with an installation platform, and the camera is installed on the installation platform; the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley and can horizontally move on the guide rail at a constant speed, and the camera shoots a displacement interface of two-phase fluid in the transparent pipe wound on the roller when moving along the guide rail along with the mounting table at a constant speed; the horizontal moving speed of the camera and the mounting platform is the same as the moving speed of the two-phase fluid displacement interface in the transparent pipe in the horizontal direction; the angular speed of the upward movement of the displacement interface is equal to the angular speed of the downward rotation of the roller, and the directions of the angular speeds are opposite.
2. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising:
a roller assembly;
the experimental fluid flow pipeline assembly comprises a displacement liquid tank, a displaced liquid tank, a transparent pipe wound on the roller, a flow pipeline and a waste liquid tank, wherein the transparent pipe is respectively communicated with the displacement liquid tank, the displaced liquid tank and the waste liquid tank through the flow pipeline;
the camera guide rail assembly comprises a camera and a camera module, wherein the camera is used for shooting a displacement interface in the transparent pipe; the camera guide rail assembly further comprises a plurality of guide rails which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the roller, each guide rail is arranged in parallel with the roller, each guide rail is slidably provided with an installation platform, and the camera is installed on the installation platform; the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley, and a plurality of cameras shoot a displacement interface from a plurality of angles in the process of synchronous uniform motion on the guide rail along with the mounting table; the two ends of the guide rails are fixedly connected through an annular support frame, and the horizontal speed of the mounting table on the guide rails is the same as the horizontal speed of the displacement interface.
3. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the driving piece comprises gears which are arranged below two ends of the roller and meshed with the roller, the gears are provided with motors for driving the gears to rotate, and the gears are provided with supporting frames.
4. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the displacement liquid tank and the replaced liquid tank are positioned on one side of the roller, the waste liquid tank is positioned on the other side of the roller, one end of the transparent pipe wound on the roller is respectively connected with the displacement liquid tank and the replaced liquid tank through a flow pipeline, and the other end of the transparent pipe is communicated with the waste liquid tank through a flow pipeline.
5. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and the flow pipeline is provided with a flowmeter, a variable frequency pump and a valve.
6. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the camera guide rail assembly also comprises a guide rail with the same axial length as the roller, and the guide rail is arranged on one side of the roller in parallel; the guide rail is slidably provided with an installation platform, and the camera is installed on the installation platform; the mounting table is driven by an electric pulley and can horizontally move on the guide rail at a constant speed, and the camera shoots a displacement interface of two-phase fluid in the transparent pipe wound on the roller when moving along the guide rail along with the mounting table at a constant speed.
7. A method for using the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when the device is used, the distance between the roller and the ground is adjusted on the support frame, the variable frequency pump, the driving motor and the power supply of the electric pulley of the mounting table on the guide rail are switched on, the liquid injection ports of the displacement liquid tank and the displaced liquid tank are opened, and drilling fluid and cement paste required by a displacement experiment are injected;
(2) controlling the switches of the three valves, opening a main valve and a replaced liquid valve, opening a variable frequency pump, pumping out the replaced liquid, enabling the replaced liquid to flow to fill the whole flow pipeline until the replaced liquid flows into a waste liquid tank, and closing the variable frequency pump;
(3) controlling the opening and closing of the three valves, keeping the main valve open, closing the displaced liquid valve, opening the variable frequency pump again, pumping out the displaced liquid, enabling the two-phase fluid displacement interface to move to the front side surface of the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller, and closing the variable frequency pump;
(4) adjusting the distance between a guide rail of the camera and the ground, installing the camera on the installation platform, and adjusting the horizontal position of the installation platform on the guide rail, so that the camera on the installation platform is aligned to a displacement interface of the two-phase fluid in the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller;
(5) turning on the variable frequency pump, adjusting the power of the variable frequency pump to enable the discharge capacity of the two-phase fluid in the pipeline to reach the discharge capacity of the experimental design, and reading the flow of the flowmeter; calculating the horizontal velocity v of the displacement interface on the guide rail1And angular velocity ω in the vertical direction of the displacement interface1Adjusting the horizontal moving speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail2And angular velocity ω of drum rotation2；
(6) Turning on a power supply of the camera, starting shooting, recording the form change of a displacement interface in the transparent tube until the mounting table on the guide rail moves to the tail end of the guide rail and stops moving, turning off the power supply of an electric pulley of the mounting table, and taking down the camera from the mounting table;
(7) turning off the power supplies of the variable frequency pump and the driving motor, stopping replacing the flow of the experimental fluid and the rotation of the roller, and turning off all valves;
(8) and extracting the shot displacement interface picture from the camera, performing certain post-processing by adopting video processing software, reading the length of the displacement interface according to the method, and quantifying the form of the displacement interface.
8. A method for using the well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) when the device is used, the distance between the roller and the ground is adjusted on the support frame, the variable frequency pump, the driving motor and the power supply of the electric pulley of the mounting table on the guide rail are switched on, the liquid injection ports of the displacement liquid tank and the displaced liquid tank are opened, and drilling fluid and cement paste required by a displacement experiment are injected;
(2) controlling the switches of the three valves, opening a main valve and a replaced liquid valve, opening a variable frequency pump, pumping out the replaced liquid, enabling the replaced liquid to flow to fill the whole flow pipeline until the replaced liquid flows into a waste liquid tank, and closing the variable frequency pump;
(3) controlling the opening and closing of the three valves, keeping the main valve open, closing the displaced liquid valve, opening the variable frequency pump again, pumping out the displaced liquid, enabling the two-phase fluid displacement interface to move to the front side surface of the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller, and closing the variable frequency pump;
(4) adjusting the distance between a guide rail of the camera and the ground, installing the camera on the installation platform, and adjusting the horizontal position of the installation platform on the guide rail, so that the camera on the installation platform is aligned to a displacement interface of the two-phase fluid in the first circle of the transparent pipe wound on the roller;
(5) turning on the variable frequency pump, adjusting the power of the variable frequency pump to enable the discharge capacity of the two-phase fluid in the pipeline to reach the discharge capacity of the experimental design, and reading the flow of the flowmeter; calculating the horizontal velocity v of the displacement interface on the guide rail1(ii) a Namely, the roller is rotated without opening a driving motor, and only the horizontal speed v of the mounting table on the guide rail is required to be adjusted2Velocity v in horizontal direction of displacement interface1The same;
(6) turning on a power supply of the camera, starting shooting, recording the form change of a displacement interface in the transparent tube until the mounting table on the guide rail moves to the tail end of the guide rail and stops moving, turning off the power supply of an electric pulley of the mounting table, and taking down the camera from the mounting table;
(7) closing a power supply of the variable frequency pump, stopping replacing the flow of the experimental fluid and the rotation of the roller, and closing all valves;
(8) and extracting a shot displacement interface picture from the camera, performing certain post-processing by adopting video processing software, reading the length of the displacement interface according to the above-mentioned method, and quantifying the form of the displacement interface.
9. A well cementation displacement interface simulation experiment device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the transparent tube is marked with length scale lines, and a method for reading the length of the displacement interface is adopted to quantify the form of the displacement interface.
10. The use method according to claim 7, wherein in the step (5), the speed v of the horizontal movement of the mounting table is calculated according to the specific displacement volume during the experiment in the displacement experiment2Angular velocity omega downward of rotation of the drum2The formula of (1) is as follows:
v1＝v2 (1)
ω1＝-ω2 (2)
in the formula: v. of1-the speed of movement of the displacement interface in the horizontal direction, m/s;
v2-the speed of horizontal movement of the mounting table on the guide rail, m/s;
ω1-displacing the angular velocity of the upward movement of the interface, rad/s;
ω2-angular speed of rotation of the drum downwards, rad/s;
q-flow rate, m, measured by a flowmeter3/s；
d is the distance between two adjacent circles of transparent tubes, m;
r is the distance from the center of the roller to the central axis of the transparent tube, m;
r1，r2-the outer diameter of the inner tube of the transparent tube and the inner diameter of the outer tube, m;
pi is the circumference ratio, and is dimensionless.
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