CN105510443A - Low-temperature ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment system - Google Patents
Low-temperature ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105510443A CN105510443A CN201510995499.9A CN201510995499A CN105510443A CN 105510443 A CN105510443 A CN 105510443A CN 201510995499 A CN201510995499 A CN 201510995499A CN 105510443 A CN105510443 A CN 105510443A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment system. The low-temperature ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment system comprises a piezoelectric transducer and an ultrasonic signal generator. The electric energy input end of the piezoelectric transducer is electrically connected with the alternating current signal output end of the ultrasonic signal generator, and the mechanical vibration output end of the piezoelectric transducer is connected with a test piece. A cryogenic box is further included and is of a closed box body structure, the test piece is located in the cryogenic box, a cooler is further arranged in the cryogenic box, a cooling device is further arranged outside the cryogenic box, and the cooling device is connected with the cooler through a pipeline. The cooler is of a spiral-coil-shaped structure, and the reciprocating direction of the test piece is located on the axis of the spiral-coil-shaped structure. A convection fan arranged in the cryogenic box is further included, and the axis of the convection fan is collinear with the axis of the spiral-coil-shaped structure. According to the system, a low-temperature vibration fatigue loading experiment can be efficiently conducted on the test piece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fatigue rig technical field, for the fatigue property test of material under cold environmental conditions, particularly relate to a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system.
Background technology
Due to the existence of metal material black brittleness, the plant equipment relevant to cold environmental conditions, component are easy to cause fatigue at low temperatures to be destroyed under being subject to alternate load effect under lower than the condition of room temperature.Can-30 DEG C be reached at north cold area winter minimum temperature, can-80 DEG C be reached at earth north and south poles winter minimum temperature.In life and production, have a lot of machinery and the work of device parts at low ambient temperatures, as automobile, mammoth tanker, ice-breaker, the high ferro run in the north, some parts, within designed life, bear 10
7above cycle cyclic loading, accurate research metal material Fatigue Life in Very High Cycle at low ambient conditions, for the design of the said equipment or parts provides reference, the object of the reliability ensureing corresponding device lower component designed life mechanical property and the material saving manufacture component can be reached.
Existing conventional classic fatigue experimental system loading frequency, all at below 100Hz, realize 10
9super high cycle fatigue CYCLIC LOADING more than cycle, as adopted the high-cycle fatigue experimental machine of traditional 50Hz, approximately needing the time of 230 days, in process of scientific research, carrying out 10
9above super high cycle fatigue research, needs very large time and efforts cost, is unfavorable for the R&D cycle of equipment or parts.
Summary of the invention
Existing ultrasonic vibration fatigue test system can not carry out the fatigue loading accurate simulation under cold environmental conditions, the invention provides a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system.
For solving the problem, a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system provided by the invention is achieved the goal by following technical essential: a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system, comprise piezoelectric transducer and supersonic signal generator, the electrical energy inputs of described piezoelectric transducer is electrically connected with the ac signal output terminal of supersonic signal generator, and the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer connects test specimen;
Also comprise cryogenic box, described cryogenic box is airtight body structure, and test specimen is arranged in described cryogenic box, is also provided with refrigeratory in described cryogenic box, and the outside of cryogenic box is also provided with cooling device, and described cooling device is connected with refrigeratory by pipeline;
Described refrigeratory is helical disk tubular structure, and the vibration-direction of test specimen is positioned on the axis of helical disk tubular structure;
Also comprise the convection fan be arranged in cryogenic box, the axis of described convection fan and the axis collinear of helical disk tubular structure.
Concrete, the cryogenic box more than arranged, for providing low temperature periodic vibration fatigue experiment environment for test specimen, the supersonic signal generator arranged is used for civil power or other power sources to convert high-frequency ac electric signal to, piezoelectric transducer is used for converting described high-frequency ac electric signal to mechanical oscillation signal, like this, above mechanical oscillation signal acts on test specimen, can make test specimen execution cycle vibrating fatigue experiment in a certain low temperature environment.Like this, this device, compared to existing vibrating fatigue experimental facilities, can simulate the real work low temperature environment of tested test specimen, is convenient to obtain directly reflecting that test specimen is under a certain low temperature environment, the numerical value of periodic vibration experiment on fatigue properties accurately or measurement numerical value.
In the refrigeratory more than arranged and cooling device, refrigeratory is as heat exchanger components, and for absorbing the heat in cryogenic box, the pipeline between cooling device and refrigeratory is for the cold fluid that circulates, and cold fluid is as the carrier of above heat; After above heat is delivered to cooling device by the pipeline between cooling device and refrigeratory, discharge in cooling device, cold fluid enters into refrigeratory again, continues to lower the temperature to environment in cryogenic box.
Concrete, according to temperature value required in cryogenic box, above refrigeratory can be arranged to an evaporator, and cooling device can be arranged to a condenser, and heat eliminating medium adopts freon, and namely carrying out lowering the temperature to cryogenic box adopts the principle of air-conditioning, according to the concrete test needs of test specimen, if desired in cryogenic box, obtain a cryogenic environment, refrigeratory can adopt a spiral helicine heat exchange pipeline, namely the heat exchange pipeline of spring-like is bent to, cooling device comprises heat sink and cold fluid circulating device, with the principle of wall-type heat exchange, cold fluid adopts methyl alcohol or ethanol, cold fluid is forced to circulate between refrigeratory and cooling device by cold fluid circulating device, reach the object that temperature in cryogenic box can be cooled to subzero less than 110 DEG C, realizing temperature in cryogenic box can be adjustable in room temperature and extremely low temperature internal linear, as those skilled in the art, cooling device also can not comprise heat sink, namely adopt inject deep cooling cold fluid and the scheme that cold fluid is circulated also can realize goal of the invention.
Further, because test specimen is under measurement condition, on test specimen, each point may produce the heating of variable speed, the for the benefit of homogeneity of each point temperature on test specimen under measurement condition, the temperature of each point is tried one's best the temperature of requirement of experiment, the axis of refrigeratory arranges convection fan, and the wind-force produced during above convection fan work can realize cooling the pressure of test specimen each point, reaches the object of even test specimen each point temperature.
Further, to the restriction of refrigeratory given shape, simultaneously to the restriction of test specimen vibration-direction and refrigeratory axial location, be convenient to realize the Homogeneous cooling to test specimen side each point, by the forced convertion of convection fan, be convenient to realize quick, the uniform decrease in temperature to test specimen side each point, reduce because the uneven degree of the test specimen each point environment temperature that causes relative to the asymmetry etc. of test specimen of the unevenness of cryogenic box each point heat radiation or refrigeratory, be beneficial to the low temperature shock fatigue behaviour numerical value obtaining test specimen at requirement of experiment temperature more accurately.
Further technical scheme is:
Owing to no matter adopting monocrystalline or stupalith in existing piezoelectric transducer, the mechanically deform displacement obtained is all very little, as only having several microns, for amplifying with top offset, to obtain measured value more accurately, the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer is also connected with displacement amplifier, and described test specimen is connected on displacement amplifier.Described displacement amplifier is different based on different parts displacement during resonance, realizes the amplification of vibration displacement.Relatively more conventional shape has: index shape, taper shape, stepped appearance displacement amplifier.
Because piezoelectric transducer and displacement amplifier operationally all have fever phenomenon, impact for avoiding or alleviating the normal low temp test of above heating to test specimen, also comprise the extension rod that side is provided with fin, described test specimen by extension rod be positioned at amplifier and be connected.Being arranged on fin on extension rod side for strengthening the radiating effect on extension rod surface further, reducing the impact on test specimen temperature.
When concrete utilization, low temperature environment is adapted to make it for avoiding carrying out particular design for this experimental system to piezoelectric transducer, preferably piezoelectric transducer is arranged on the outside of cryogenic box, like this, airtight low temperature environment to be obtained in cryogenic box, periodic vibration parts in native system need to produce fixed constraint relation with cryogenic box, for extending the serviceable life of cryogenic box, described cryogenic box comprises cryogenic box skin and cryogenic box internal layer, described cryogenic box outer for material be the body structure of metal, described cryogenic box internal layer is be arranged at the thermofin inside cryogenic box skin.In this cryogenic box structure, the outer strength layer as cryogenic box of cryogenic box, as thermofin inside cryogenic box, to make native system operationally, cryogenic box is outer and extraneous be there is sufficient heat interchange to be also unlikely to that cryogenic box internal heat is absorbed too fast, like this, is convenient to realize native system operationally, cryogenic box exospheric temperature as cryogenic box strength layer is unlikely to too low, reaches the object extending cryogenic box serviceable life.
For ease of realizing, native system periodic vibration loads and controls, the automatic control of test specimen environment temperature, also comprise controller, control end and/or the output terminal of described supersonic signal generator are electrically connected with controller, the control end of described cooling device and/or feedback end be electrically connected with controller.
For ease of obtaining the temperature value in cryogenic box intuitively, temperature in real-time monitoring low temperature case, and realize above temperature guide native system automatically start or quit work, also comprise the temperature sensor be arranged on described cryogenic box, the signal output part of described temperature sensor is electrically connected with controller.
For ease of the initiation and propogation process of Real-Time Monitoring fatigue crack, and realize the automatic start-stop that above fatigue crack guides native system, also comprise the thermal camera be arranged in cryogenic box, the signals collecting of described thermal camera is rectified described test specimen, and the signal output part of described thermal camera is electrically connected with controller.
For the test specimen vibrating fatigue making native system can realize under low temperature, vacuum environment is tested, realize vacuum heat-insulation simultaneously, be beneficial to effect of heat insulation, to improve the temperature control precision to test specimen, obtain low temperature shock fatigue experiment value more accurately, described cryogenic box also offers vacuum interface, and described vacuum interface is connected with the vacuum pump being positioned at cryogenic box outside by pipeline.This programme also has reduction heat eliminating medium consumption, reduces the object of energy consumption.
Be convenient to as a kind of the specific implementation improving native system conventional efficient, described supersonic signal generator is the ultrasonic signal generating device that exportable frequency is not less than the ultrasonic sine wave signal of 20kHz.By this programme, if loading frequency is 20kHz, rapid ultra high week fatigue experiment can be carried out easily, 1 × 10 can be realized within one day
9the CYCLIC LOADING of cycle, and adopt the high-cycle fatigue experimental machine of traditional 50Hz, approximately need the time of 230 days, to shorten experimental period greatly, make to carry out 10 in process of scientific research
9above super high cycle fatigue research has stronger feasibility.Therefore this programme can realize: reach superelevation cycle fatigue loading at short notice, relative to classic fatigue testing machine, can the plenty of time be saved, significantly reduce the energy resource consumption of equipment.
Also comprise the displacement transducer for detecting test specimen vibration displacement;
Described cryogenic box is the body structure being provided with upper cover, and piezoelectric transducer is fixed on and covers.Above displacement transducer is mainly used in before experiment starts, the amplitude of calibration experiment system, to ensure that system stability runs reliably; The version of above cryogenic box, is convenient to change test specimen.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, in the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration fatigue experiment under cold environmental conditions can be carried out, the actual work temperature environment of tested test specimen can be simulated, be convenient to obtain directly reflecting that test specimen at low ambient temperatures, the numerical value of periodic vibration experiment on fatigue properties accurately or measurement numerical value.
2, because test specimen is under measurement condition, on test specimen, each point may produce the heating of variable speed, the for the benefit of homogeneity of each point temperature on test specimen under measurement condition, the temperature of each point is tried one's best the temperature of requirement of experiment, the axis of refrigeratory arranges convection fan, the wind-force produced during above convection fan work can realize cooling the pressure of test specimen each point, reaches the object of even test specimen each point temperature.
3, to the restriction of refrigeratory given shape, simultaneously to the restriction of test specimen vibration-direction and refrigeratory axial location, be convenient to realize the Homogeneous cooling to test specimen side each point, by the forced convertion of convection fan, be convenient to realize quick, the uniform decrease in temperature to test specimen side each point, reduce because the uneven degree of the test specimen each point environment temperature that causes relative to the asymmetry etc. of test specimen of the unevenness of cryogenic box each point heat radiation or refrigeratory, be beneficial to the low temperature shock fatigue behaviour numerical value obtaining test specimen at requirement of experiment temperature more accurately.
4, adopt piezoelectric transducer and supersonic signal generator as mechanical vibration producing component, be convenient to obtain carrying out fast even high-cycle fatigue to workpiece load, reach Very High Cycle cycle fatigue loading at short notice, relative to classic fatigue testing machine, plenty of time can be saved, significantly reducing the energy resource consumption of equipment, is the supersonic signal generator of the ultrasonic sine wave signal of 20kHz and the piezoelectric transducer that mates with this ultrasonic sine wave signal as adopted output frequency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system of the present invention specific embodiment;
Fig. 2 is in a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system of the present invention specific embodiment, the partial structurtes schematic diagram of cryogenic box;
Fig. 3 is in a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system of the present invention specific embodiment, the structure of upper cover and refrigeratory and annexation schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is in a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system of the present invention specific embodiment, the structural representation of extension rod.
Label in figure represents respectively: 1, piezoelectric transducer, and 2, displacement amplifier, 3, extension rod, 4, test specimen, 5, upper cover, 6, cooling medium inlet, 7, heat eliminating medium outlet, 8, refrigeratory, 9, temperature sensor, 10, cryogenic box is outer, 11, cryogenic box internal layer, 12, thermal camera, 13, convection fan, 14, vacuum interface, 15, cooling device, 16, vacuum pump, 17, supersonic signal generator, 18, controller, 19, sealing rubber ring, 20, seal shock-proof rubber ring.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but structure of the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system, comprise piezoelectric transducer 1 and supersonic signal generator 17, the electrical energy inputs of described piezoelectric transducer 1 is electrically connected with the ac signal output terminal of supersonic signal generator 17, and the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer 1 connects test specimen 4;
Also comprise cryogenic box, described cryogenic box is airtight body structure, and test specimen 4 is arranged in described cryogenic box, is also provided with refrigeratory 8 in described cryogenic box, and the outside of cryogenic box is also provided with cooling device 15, and described cooling device 15 is connected with refrigeratory 8 by pipeline;
Described refrigeratory 8 is helical disk tubular structure, and the vibration-direction of test specimen 4 is positioned on the axis of helical disk tubular structure;
Also comprise the convection fan 13 be arranged in cryogenic box, the axis of described convection fan 13 and the axis collinear of helical disk tubular structure.
In the present embodiment, the cryogenic box more than arranged, for providing low temperature periodic vibration fatigue experiment environment for test specimen 4, the supersonic signal generator 17 arranged is for converting high-frequency ac electric signal to civil power or other power sources, piezoelectric transducer 1 is for converting described high-frequency ac electric signal to mechanical oscillation signal, like this, above mechanical oscillation signal acts on test specimen 4, can make test specimen 4 execution cycle vibrating fatigue experiment in a certain low temperature environment.Like this, this device, compared to existing vibrating fatigue experimental facilities, can simulate the real work low temperature environment of tested test specimen 4, is convenient to obtain directly reflecting that test specimen 4 is under a certain low temperature environment, the numerical value of periodic vibration experiment on fatigue properties accurately or measurement numerical value.
In the refrigeratory 8 more than arranged and cooling device 15, refrigeratory 8 is as heat exchanger components, and for absorbing the heat in cryogenic box, the pipeline between cooling device 15 and refrigeratory 8 is for the cold fluid that circulates, and cold fluid is as the carrier of above heat; After above heat is delivered to cooling device 15 by the pipeline between cooling device 15 and refrigeratory 8, discharge in cooling device 15, cold fluid enters into refrigeratory 8 again, continues to lower the temperature to environment in cryogenic box.
Concrete, according to temperature value required in cryogenic box, above refrigeratory 8 can be arranged to an evaporator, and cooling device 15 can be arranged to a condenser, and heat eliminating medium adopts freon, and namely carrying out lowering the temperature to cryogenic box adopts the principle of air-conditioning, according to the concrete test needs of test specimen 4, if desired in cryogenic box, obtain a cryogenic environment, refrigeratory 8 can adopt a spiral helicine heat exchange pipeline, namely the heat exchange pipeline of spring-like is bent to, cooling device 15 comprises heat sink and cold fluid circulating device, with the principle of wall-type heat exchange, cold fluid adopts methyl alcohol or ethanol, cold fluid is forced to circulate between refrigeratory 8 and cooling device 15 by cold fluid circulating device, reach the object that temperature in cryogenic box can be cooled to subzero less than 110 DEG C, realizing temperature in cryogenic box can be adjustable in room temperature and extremely low temperature internal linear, as those skilled in the art, cooling device 15 also can not comprise heat sink, namely adopt inject deep cooling cold fluid and the scheme that cold fluid is circulated also can realize goal of the invention.
Further, because test specimen 4 is under measurement condition, on test specimen 4, each point may produce the heating of variable speed, the for the benefit of homogeneity of each point temperature on test specimen 4 under measurement condition, the temperature of each point is tried one's best the temperature of requirement of experiment, the axis of refrigeratory 8 arranges convection fan 13, and the wind-force produced when above convection fan 13 works can realize cooling the pressure of test specimen 4 each point, reaches the object of even test specimen 4 each point temperature.
Further, to the restriction of refrigeratory 8 given shape, simultaneously to the restriction of test specimen 4 vibration-direction and refrigeratory 8 axial location, be convenient to realize the Homogeneous cooling to test specimen 4 side each point, by the forced convertion of convection fan 13, be convenient to realize quick, the uniform decrease in temperature to test specimen 4 side each point, reduce because the uneven degree of the test specimen 4 each point environment temperature that causes relative to the asymmetry etc. of test specimen 4 of the unevenness of cryogenic box each point heat radiation or refrigeratory 8, be beneficial to the low temperature shock fatigue behaviour numerical value obtaining test specimen 4 at requirement of experiment temperature more accurately.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 1: owing to no matter adopting monocrystalline or stupalith in existing piezoelectric transducer 1, the mechanically deform displacement obtained is all very little, as only having several microns, for amplifying with top offset, to obtain measured value more accurately, the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer 1 is also connected with displacement amplifier 2, described test specimen 4 is connected on displacement amplifier 2.Described displacement amplifier 2 is different based on different parts displacement during resonance, realizes the amplification of vibration displacement.Relatively more conventional shape has: index shape, taper shape, stepped appearance displacement amplifier 2.
Because piezoelectric transducer 1 and displacement amplifier 2 operationally all have fever phenomenon, impact for avoiding or alleviating the normal low temp test of above heating to test specimen 4, also comprise the extension rod 3 that side is provided with fin, described test specimen 4 by extension rod 3 be positioned at amplifier and be connected.Be arranged on fin on extension rod 3 side for strengthening the radiating effect on extension rod 3 surface further.
When concrete utilization, low temperature environment is adapted to make it for avoiding carrying out particular design for this experimental system to piezoelectric transducer 1, preferably piezoelectric transducer 1 is arranged on the outside of cryogenic box, like this, airtight low temperature environment to be obtained in cryogenic box, periodic vibration parts in native system need to produce fixed constraint relation with cryogenic box, for extending the serviceable life of cryogenic box, described cryogenic box comprises cryogenic box outer 10 and cryogenic box internal layer 11, described cryogenic box outer 10 for material be the body structure of metal, described cryogenic box internal layer 11 is for being arranged at the thermofin inside cryogenic box skin 10.In this cryogenic box structure, cryogenic box skin 10 is as the strength layer of cryogenic box, as thermofin inside cryogenic box, to make native system operationally, there is sufficient heat interchange with extraneous to be also unlikely to that cryogenic box internal heat is absorbed too fast in cryogenic box outer 10, like this, is convenient to realize native system operationally, outer 10 temperature of cryogenic box as cryogenic box strength layer are unlikely to too low, reach the object extending cryogenic box serviceable life.
For ease of realizing, native system periodic vibration loads and controls, the automatic control of test specimen 4 environment temperature, also comprise controller 18, control end and/or the output terminal of described supersonic signal generator 17 are electrically connected with controller 18, the control end of described cooling device 15 and/or feedback end be electrically connected with controller 18.
For ease of obtaining the temperature value in cryogenic box intuitively, temperature in real-time monitoring low temperature case, and realize above temperature guide native system automatically start or quit work, also comprise the temperature sensor 9 be arranged on described cryogenic box, the signal output part of described temperature sensor 9 is electrically connected with controller 18.
For ease of the initiation and propogation process of Real-Time Monitoring fatigue crack, and realize the automatic start-stop that above fatigue crack guides native system, also comprise the thermal camera 12 be arranged in cryogenic box, the signals collecting of described thermal camera 12 is rectified described test specimen 4, and the signal output part of described thermal camera 12 is electrically connected with controller 18.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the basis of any one technical scheme that the present embodiment provides in above embodiment is further qualified: the test specimen 4 vibrating fatigue experiment that can realize under low temperature, vacuum environment for making native system, realize vacuum heat-insulation simultaneously, be beneficial to effect of heat insulation, to improve the temperature control precision to test specimen 4, obtain low temperature shock fatigue experiment value more accurately, described cryogenic box also offers vacuum interface 14, and described vacuum interface 14 is connected with the vacuum pump 16 being positioned at cryogenic box outside by pipeline.This programme also has reduction heat eliminating medium consumption, reduces the object of energy consumption.
Be convenient to as a kind of the specific implementation improving native system conventional efficient, described supersonic signal generator 17 is the ultrasonic signal generating device that exportable frequency is not less than the ultrasonic sine wave signal of 20kHz.By this programme, if loading frequency is 20kHz, rapid ultra high week fatigue experiment can be carried out easily.Therefore this programme can realize: reach superelevation cycle fatigue loading at short notice, relative to classic fatigue testing machine, can the plenty of time be saved, significantly reduce the energy resource consumption of equipment.
Also comprise the displacement transducer for detecting test specimen 4 vibration displacement;
Described cryogenic box is the body structure being provided with upper cover 5, and piezoelectric transducer 1 is fixed on upper cover 5.Above displacement transducer is mainly used in before experiment starts, the amplitude of calibration experiment system, to ensure that system stability runs reliably; The version of above cryogenic box, is convenient to change test specimen 4.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4, present embodiments provide a kind of concrete scheme of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system, in this system, controller 18, supersonic signal generator 17 and piezoelectric transducer 1 realize signal successively and are connected, and piezoelectric transducer 1, displacement amplifier 2, extension rod 3 are fixedly connected with by screw thread successively with test specimen 4.When testing, test specimen 4 is fixed on extension rod 3 lower end, the ultrasonic sine wave signal of its output of supersonic signal generator 17 20KHz, piezoelectric transducer 1 converts this ultrasonic sine wave signal to mechanical oscillation signal, then displacement amplifier 2 is by the vibration displacement Amplitude amplification of this mechanical oscillation signal, export extensional vibration displacement by displacement amplifier 2 end, finally by extension rod 3 vibration displacement transfer to test specimen 4, realize Rapid Circulation fatigue loading; The effect of piezoelectric transducer 1, mainly the electric signal that supersonic signal generator 17 produces, is converted into mechanical oscillation signal, drives whole system vibration, constantly inputs energy, make whole test specimen 4 amplitude stability in desired value;
In the present embodiment, displacement amplifier 2 two ends diameter is not etc., and one end that diameter is large is fixedly connected with by screw thread with piezoelectric transducer 1, and one end that diameter is little is fixedly connected with by screw thread with extension rod 3.The shape that displacement amplifier 2 is relatively commonly used has: index shape, taper shape, stepped appearance displacement amplifier 2, adopts circular cone to combine with stepped appearance shape in the present embodiment; The requirement of displacement amplifier 2 demand fulfillment system 20kHz resonance mode, in vibration, vibration nodal point is set with upper cover 5 contact position of cryogenic box, stress wave can also be transmitted while can keeping good contact with the upper cover 5 of cryogenic box, consider seal request, the maximum gauge of displacement amplifier 2 is between 60-80mm.
In order to realize low temperature environment, for convenience of system maintenance, maintenance and replacing test specimen 4, in the present embodiment, cryogenic box comprises upper cover 5, cryogenic box skin 10, cryogenic box internal layer 11, native system also comprises refrigeratory 8, convection fan 13, temperature sensor 9, refrigeratory 8 is provided with cooling medium inlet 6, heat eliminating medium outlet 7, cooling device 15 is coolant recirculation pump, also comprises the temperature sensor 9 be connected with controller 18 signal.Coolant recirculation pump is connected by insulating rubber flexible pipe with cooling medium inlet 6, cooling medium inlet 6, and joint uses the form of clip to be fixed.Above cryogenic box adopts that double layer design is cryogenic box skin 10, the form of cryogenic box internal layer 11 is intended to the low temperature effect of heat insulation that realized, as concrete implementation, the barrel-like structure that cryogenic box outer 10 adopts stainless steel machinery to process, on top edge place is provided with groove, realizes the sealing with upper cover 5 by sealing rubber ring 19.Cryogenic box is provided with vacuum interface 14 and is connected with vacuum pump 16 by vacuum tube, joint uses the form of clip to be fixed, vacuum interface 14 can communicate with the accommodation space of cryogenic box, also gap can be set by between cryogenic box skin 10, cryogenic box internal layer 11, vacuum interface 14 communicates with described gap, open vacuum pump 16 just can realize cryogenic box skin 10 and cryogenic box internal layer 11 vacuumize process, or/and vacuumize process to the accommodation space of cryogenic box, reach the object of the vacuum experiment environment improving effect of heat insulation and/or obtain test specimen 4.Like this, as those skilled in the art, above cryogenic box internal layer 11 can adopt heat-preservation cotton, also can adopt and can bear any side, both sides when being vacuum environment, can bear metal material or the plastic material of compressive stress.
Cryogenic box internal layer 11 is provided with thermal camera 12, and signals collecting end and test specimen 4 interlude of thermal camera 12 keep level, and thermal camera 12 is connected with controller 18 signal, can the initiation and propogation process of fatigue crack of Real-Time Monitoring test specimen 4.Thermal camera 12 by utilizing powerful magnet for adsorption on the inwall of cryogenic box.
The upper cover 5 of cryogenic box is provided with opening for displacement amplifier 2 through upper cover 5, and the joint face place of this opening and displacement amplifier 2 is sealedly and fixedly connected simultaneously.For being more conducive to sealing and heat insulation, the lower box part of cryogenic box upper cover 5 and cryogenic box adopts the mating interface of step to be fixedly connected with, and setting can realize the seal shock-proof rubber ring 20 of damping and sealing function simultaneously herein.
Have an impact to test specimen 4 temperature for reducing the heat produced in each component working process in native system, the present embodiment passes through the method for the radiating effect improving extension rod 3, the extension rod 3 with heat radiation auricle of employing.
As preferably, refrigeratory 8 adopts the copper pipe of high, the easy processing of coefficient of heat conductivity to process, and is processed into multi-circle spiral flow shape.Wherein, copper pipe diameter is between 5mm-10mm, and copper pipe wall thickness is between 0.4mm-1mm, and screw diameter is between 4cm-10cm, and the number of turns is no less than 6 circles.
Before experiment starts, first open vacuum pump 16 and obtain vacuum experiment environment and/or vacuum heat-insulation environment, and then the cooling device 15 opened as coolant recirculation pump, by the temperature of temperature sensor 9 real-time dynamic monitoring cryogenic box, treat that temperature reaches desired value, and start experiment again after stablizing.
The shape of cryogenic box is not limited to cylindrical shape, but is preferably provided with cylindrical shape.For columnar cryogenic box parameter is as follows: diameter range: 20cm-30cm, altitude range: 35cm-55cm;
The experimental system design that the present embodiment provides for arranging experimental situation temperature between room temperature is to-110 DEG C, therefore selects the cold fluid be circulated between refrigeratory 8 and cooling device 15 to be methyl alcohol or ethanol.
As preferably, for make test specimen 4 each point Temperature Distribution evenly, adopt the mode of strong convection, the present embodiment lays convection fan 13 in cryogenic box, the axis of refrigeratory 8 is positioned at vertical direction, and test specimen 4 is positioned on the axis of refrigeratory 8, and described convection fan 13 is immediately below refrigeratory 8, test specimen 4 is in refrigeratory 8 or above refrigeratory 8, convection fan 13 apart from the distance of refrigeratory 8 between 3cm-15cm.
Above content is the further description done the present invention in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation, can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, not departing from other embodiments drawn under technical scheme of the present invention, all should be included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system, comprise piezoelectric transducer (1) and supersonic signal generator (17), the electrical energy inputs of described piezoelectric transducer (1) is electrically connected with the ac signal output terminal of supersonic signal generator (17), the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer (1) connects test specimen (4);
Also comprise cryogenic box, described cryogenic box is airtight body structure, and test specimen (4) is arranged in described cryogenic box, is also provided with refrigeratory (8) in described cryogenic box, the outside of cryogenic box is also provided with cooling device (15), and described cooling device (15) is connected with refrigeratory (8) by pipeline;
It is characterized in that, described refrigeratory (8) is helical disk tubular structure, and the vibration-direction of test specimen (4) is positioned on the axis of helical disk tubular structure;
Also comprise the convection fan (13) be arranged in cryogenic box, the axis of described convection fan (13) and the axis collinear of helical disk tubular structure.
2. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the mechanical vibration output terminal of described piezoelectric transducer (1) is also connected with displacement amplifier (2), described test specimen (4) is connected on displacement amplifier (2).
3. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprises the extension rod (3) that side is provided with fin, described test specimen (4) by extension rod (3) be positioned at amplifier (2) and be connected.
4. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described cryogenic box comprises cryogenic box skin (10) and cryogenic box internal layer (11), described cryogenic box skin (10) for material be the body structure of metal, described cryogenic box internal layer (11) for be arranged at cryogenic box skin (10) inner side thermofin.
5. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise controller (18), the control end of described supersonic signal generator (17) and/or output terminal are electrically connected with controller (18), the control end of described cooling device (15) and/or feedback end be electrically connected with controller (18).
6. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 5, is characterized in that, also comprises the temperature sensor (9) be arranged on described cryogenic box, and the signal output part of described temperature sensor (9) is electrically connected with controller (18).
7. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, also comprise the thermal camera (12) be arranged in cryogenic box, the signals collecting of described thermal camera (12) is rectified described test specimen (4), and the signal output part of described thermal camera (12) is electrically connected with controller (18).
8. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, it is characterized in that, described cryogenic box also offers vacuum interface (14), described vacuum interface (14) is connected with the vacuum pump (16) being positioned at cryogenic box outside by pipeline.
9. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that, described supersonic signal generator (17) is not less than the ultrasonic signal generating device of the ultrasonic sine wave signal of 20kHz for exportable frequency.
10. a kind of low temperature ultrasonic vibrating fatigue experimental system as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7, is characterized in that, also comprises the displacement transducer for detecting test specimen (4) vibration displacement;
Described cryogenic box is for being provided with the body structure of upper cover (5), and piezoelectric transducer (1) is fixed on upper cover (5).
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