CN112828689A - Magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and polishing method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and polishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112828689A CN112828689A CN202110249139.XA CN202110249139A CN112828689A CN 112828689 A CN112828689 A CN 112828689A CN 202110249139 A CN202110249139 A CN 202110249139A CN 112828689 A CN112828689 A CN 112828689A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- UJGOCJFDDHOGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Fe]O Chemical compound [Fe]O UJGOCJFDDHOGRX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/003—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor whereby the workpieces are mounted on a holder and are immersed in the abrasive material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/005—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes using a magnetic polishing agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/10—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work
- B24B31/102—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor involving other means for tumbling of work using an alternating magnetic field
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and a polishing method thereof, wherein the magnetic fluid stirring polishing device comprises the following steps: installing a workpiece and a workpiece installation frame; after a small amount of magnetic rheological body is contained in the tank body, a proper amount of magnetic rheological body is supplemented through the through hole of the top cover, and then the tank body is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe; judging whether the magnetic rheological body needs to be homogenized; the DC power supply closes the output current, and the motor drives and starts the servo motor, so that the servo motor uniformly stirs the magnetic rheological body at a low speed; setting the rotating speed of a servo motor, setting the output current of a direct current power supply, and enabling the magnetorheological body to start shearing and polishing a workpiece; after the surface smoothness of the workpiece meets the requirements, turning off the direct-current power supply, delaying turning off the servo motor, and detaching and cleaning the workpiece after the workpiece is taken out; and (6) ending. By adopting the scheme, high-efficiency flexible polishing required by high-quality surfaces of parts in various shapes is realized, the problems of the traditional polishing such as scratch and collision are avoided, and the surface shape precision and geometric tolerance of a workpiece are hardly influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of workpiece processing and polishing, in particular to a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and a polishing method thereof.
Background
According to the traditional mechanical grinding and polishing process, a motor is adopted to drive a polishing disk made of materials such as a grinding wheel, sponge and wool on a polishing machine to rotate at a high speed, and the surface of a workpiece to be polished is rubbed under the combined action of the polishing disk and a polishing agent, so that the aims of removing surface pollution, an oxide layer and shallow marks and improving the smoothness are fulfilled. Most of the existing polishing machines are only suitable for polishing the outer surface of a workpiece and a large-hole cavity structure, the structures such as a complex curved surface and a narrow-slit cavity are difficult to polish, manual polishing wastes time and labor, the polishing efficiency is low, and the polishing uniformity and the surface quality are difficult to stably control. The magnetic polishing adopting the high-speed movement of the magnetic needle is hard contact, so that the surface of a workpiece is easy to scratch and collide, and the surface quality of the workpiece is influenced. By adopting wheel type polishing, the polishing efficiency is low, and the slit cavity structure cannot be polished.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and a polishing method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body, an electrified spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting rack, a stirring shaft and a magnetic rheological body;
the magnetic rheological body is filled in the tank body, the stirring shaft is arranged in the tank body, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft, workpieces are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames, the tank body is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the motion direction of the workpiece mounting frames driven by the stirring shaft is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magnetic rheological body.
When the scheme is operated, the tank body is filled with the magnetic rheological body, wherein the magnetic rheological body mainly comprises hydroxyl iron powder, water and polishing powder, the tank body is also internally provided with a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is provided with a plurality of workpiece mounting frames, each workpiece mounting frame is preferably arranged perpendicular to the stirring shaft, workpieces are arranged on the tool mounting frames, different workpiece mounting frames can be designed according to the structures of different workpieces, so that high-efficiency flexible polishing of parts in various shapes is realized, when the plurality of tool mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft, the tool mounting frames are preferably symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft, and the workpieces are also symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft so as to uniformly stir the magnetic rheological body; the power-on spiral tube consists of an iron core and coil turns, an upper end cover and a lower base are further arranged on the side face of the tank body, the upper end cover and the lower base are both in a circular ring structure made of a non-magnetic conductive material, the iron core is in a hollow cylindrical structure made of a magnetic conductive material DT4, the upper end cover, the lower base and the iron core are respectively connected through bolts or metal adhesives to form an I-shaped framework, the coil turns are wound on the iron core, and different turns can be set according to the requirement of the electromagnetic field intensity of the device; the tank body is placed in the center of a hollow cylinder of the iron core, the tank body is flush with the bottom of the iron core, a gap of 0.5mm-2mm is arranged in the radial direction, the upper end face of the tank body is higher than the upper end face by not less than 20mm, the tank body is made of a non-metal material, and the stirring shaft and the workpiece mounting frame are made of a non-magnetic material; when the coil turns are electrified, the magnetic rheological body is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity; when the stirring shaft drives the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame to move together, the moving direction of the stirring shaft is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, the magnetorheological body can move relative to the workpiece to generate shearing force, the shearing and polishing of the magnetorheological body on the workpiece are realized, the problems of traditional polishing such as scratching and collision can be avoided, and the surface shape precision and the geometric tolerance of the workpiece are hardly influenced.
Further optimize, still include servo motor, mount pad and top cap, the top cap is used for sealing jar body top, servo motor passes through the mount pad to be installed in the middle part of top cap upper end, open at the top cap middle part has the step hole, servo motor's shaft coupling passes through the step hole and is connected with (mixing) shaft one end to drive the (mixing) shaft motion.
When the scheme is operated, the top cover is arranged at the opening at the top of the tank body, the top cover is made of non-magnetic materials, the lower end face of the top cover is provided with the convex spigot, the convex spigot is in small clearance fit with the inner hole of the tank body, and the top cover and the tank body are limited and fixed by the positioning pin and used for sealing the top of the tank body; the servo motor is installed in the middle of the upper end face of the top cover through the installation seat and fixedly connected with the top cover, a step hole is formed in the center of the top cover, an output shaft of the servo motor is connected with the stirring shaft through a coupler and penetrates through the step hole of the top cover, the stirring shaft is vertically placed, the servo motor can drive the stirring shaft to move at the moment, and the stirring shaft drives the workpiece stirring magnetic rheological body.
Further preferably, the servo motor is a rotary motor or a linear motor.
When the scheme is operated, the servo motor can be preferably a rotary motor or a linear motor, when the servo motor is a rotary motor, the stirring shaft can be driven to rotate around the axis of the servo motor, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting rack are driven to rotate along the radial direction of the tank body, and the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the tank body, so that the motion direction of the workpiece is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction;
when the device is used for large thin-wall workpieces, the resistance is too large when the device rotates along the radial direction of the tank body, the polishing effect is too low, a linear motor needs to be adopted, the output shaft end of a servo motor 1 adopts a screw nut structure, the servo motor drives a stirring shaft to do small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, the large thin-wall workpieces are installed and fixed on a workpiece mounting frame, the large thin-wall workpieces do small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion along with the stirring shaft in the vertical direction, the structures of coil turns and an iron core need to be changed at the moment, the magnetic field direction in the tank body is the horizontal direction, in a strong magnetic field with the horizontal magnetic field direction, the magnetic rheological body 12 which is Bingham fluid and the workpiece 13 do.
Further optimize, when servo motor is the rotating electrical machines, still include the paddle, the paddle is located on the (mixing) shaft other end, the paddle is located jar body bottom.
When this scheme specifically functions, when servo motor is the rotating electrical machines, set up the paddle in the bottom of (mixing) shaft, (mixing) shaft and paddle pass through threaded connection, and the paddle is located jar body bottom, and the paddle is rotatory along with the (mixing) shaft, can avoid the magnetic rheological body to subside, pile up in the bottom of jar body.
The device is further optimized to further comprise a control box, wherein a motor drive and a direct current power supply are arranged in the control box, the motor drive is connected with a servo motor and used for controlling the starting and moving speed of the servo motor, and the direct current power supply is connected with an electrified spiral pipe and used for controlling the on-off and current magnitude of the electrified spiral pipe.
When the polishing machine is operated specifically, the polishing machine is also provided with a control box, a motor drive and a direct-current power supply are arranged in the control box, wherein the motor drive is connected with a servo motor through a power supply cable and a coding cable, the starting and the moving speed of the servo motor are controlled, and the speed of the servo motor can be adjusted according to the polishing efficiency; the direct current power supply is connected with the coil turns through cables to control the on-off and the magnitude of current of the coil turns; when the coil turns are not electrified, the magnetorheological body is in a zero magnetic field and is a low-viscosity Newtonian fluid, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame rotate together with the stirring shaft to play a role in stirring and homogenizing the components of the magnetorheological body and not polishing the workpiece, when the coil turns are electrified, the magnetorheological body is in a strong magnetic field and is a high-viscosity low-fluidity Bingham fluid, the workpiece and the workpiece mounting frame rotate together with the stirring shaft, the magnetorheological body moves relative to the workpiece and generates shearing force, the shearing and polishing of the magnetorheological body on the workpiece are realized, the intensity of the magnetic field generated by the coil turns is controlled by adjusting the output current of the direct-current power supply, the viscosity of the magnetorheological body is controlled, the shearing force of the magnetorheological body on the workpiece is further controlled, and the polishing quality and the polishing efficiency of the workpiece.
Further optimization, the device also comprises a plug, a through hole is formed in the top cover, and the plug is used for sealing the through hole.
When the scheme is operated specifically, in order to supplement the magnetic rheological body in the polishing process, the top cover is also provided with a through hole, the magnetic rheological body is filled into the tank body through the through hole, and after the supplement is finished, the through hole is sealed by using a plug, wherein the plug adopts a non-magnetic conductive material.
Further optimize, a plurality of the workpiece mounting racks are movably connected with the stirring shaft.
When this scheme specifically functions, in order to dismantle the frock mounting bracket in order to assemble different structural design's frock mounting bracket, set up to workpiece mounting bracket all with (mixing) shaft swing joint, its swing joint is preferred threaded connection, is equipped with a plurality of screws on the (mixing) shaft, and workpiece mounting bracket tip has the screw, and does not install workpiece mounting bracket's screw on the (mixing) shaft, need use the screw end cap to plug up, and wherein the screw end cap needs to adopt non-metallic material.
Further optimized, the polishing method of the magnetic fluid stirring polishing device comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing a workpiece on a workpiece mounting rack, and mounting the workpiece mounting rack on a stirring shaft;
s2: after a small amount of magnetic rheological bodies are contained in the tank body, the workpiece mounting frame and the stirring shaft are arranged in the tank body, the top cover is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the tank body, a proper amount of magnetic rheological bodies are supplemented through the through hole of the top cover, and then the tank body is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe;
s3: judging whether the magnetorheological body needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if so, entering step S4, and if not, entering step S5;
s4: the DC power supply closes the output current, and the motor drives and starts the servo motor, so that the servo motor uniformly stirs the magnetic rheological body at a low speed;
s5: according to the polishing process, the rotating speed of a servo motor is set, and the output current of a direct current power supply is set, so that the workpiece is stirred at a high speed in the tank body 8 to generate shearing force, and the workpiece is sheared and polished by the magnetic rheological body;
s6: after the surface smoothness of the workpiece meets the requirements, turning off the direct-current power supply, delaying turning off the servo motor, and detaching and cleaning the workpiece after the workpiece is taken out;
s7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
Further preferably, the step S3 further includes the following sub-steps: only when the magnetic rheological body is newly injected into the tank body or after the magnetic rheological body stirs and polishes the workpiece for a long time, the magnetic rheological body needs to be homogenized.
Further preferably, the step S5 further includes the following sub-steps: when the workpiece is sheared and polished by the magnetorheological body, whether the surface of the workpiece meets the polishing requirement needs to be judged, and if the surface smoothness meets the requirement, the process flow enters step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
The detailed working principle of the scheme is as follows:
s10, preparing the workpiece, the magnetorheostat and the polishing device and starting a polishing process;
s20, placing and fixing 1 or more workpieces on a workpiece mounting rack, wherein the workpieces are generally placed on workpiece mounting pieces in a symmetrical arrangement mode;
s30, mounting and fixing the workpiece mounting rack on the stirring shaft, fixing the workpiece mounting rack by using screws, wherein the stirring shaft is not provided with a screw hole of the workpiece mounting rack and is blocked by using a threaded plug;
s40, a small amount of magnetic rheological bodies are placed in the tank body, after the workpiece, the workpiece mounting frame and the stirring shaft are placed in the tank body, a proper amount of magnetic rheological bodies are supplemented through the liquid supplementing hole of the top cover, and the liquid level of the magnetic rheological bodies in the tank body is controlled to be slightly lower than the end face of the upper end cover;
s50, placing the stirring shaft in the tank body, placing the top cover in the opening of the tank body, and limiting and fixing the top cover and the tank body by a positioning pin;
s60, placing the tank body in the center of the hollow cylinder of the iron core, wherein the tank body is flush with the bottom of the iron core;
and S70, judging whether the magnetic rheological body needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement. After the magnetic rheological body is newly injected into the tank body or stirred and polished for a long time, the magnetic rheological body generally needs to be homogenized, and the magnetic rheological body does not need to be homogenized under other conditions; if the magnetic rheological body needs to be homogenized, the step S80 is performed, and if the magnetic rheological body does not need to be homogenized, the step S90 is performed;
s80, when the magnetic rheological body needs to be homogenized, the direct current power supply is turned off to output current, no current passes through coil turns, the magnetic rheological body is in a zero magnetic field, the motor drives and starts the servo motor, the rotating speed of the servo motor is set to be 20-100rpm, and stirring is carried out for about 5 minutes to realize stirring of the uniform magnetic rheological body;
s90, when the workpiece needs to be stirred and polished, setting the rotating speed of a servo motor to 2000 and 3000rpm according to the polishing process, and driving the workpiece to stir the magnetic rheological body in the tank body at a high speed by a stirring shaft;
s100, starting a direct current power supply, setting the output current of the direct current power supply to be 0-4A according to a polishing process, enabling current to pass through coil turns, enabling the magnetic rheological body to be a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity under the action of a strong magnetic field, stirring the magnetic rheological body at a high speed in a tank body to generate shearing force on a workpiece, and enabling the magnetic rheological body to shear and polish the workpiece;
s110, judging whether the surface of the workpiece meets the polishing requirement, if the surface finish degree meets the requirement, the process flow goes to the step S120, and if the surface finish degree does not meet the requirement, the process flow goes to the step S70;
s120, when the surface smoothness of the workpiece meets the requirement, a direct current power supply is turned off, no current exists in coil turns, and the magnetic rheological body is converted into low-viscosity high-fluidity Newton fluid from Bingham fluid within milliseconds;
s130, after the direct current power supply is turned off and delayed for several seconds, the servo motor is turned off, and the workpiece stops rotating and stirring in the tank body;
s140, integrally taking out the workpiece and the workpiece mounting rack from the tank body;
s150, cleaning the workpiece and the workpiece mounting rack, and detaching the workpiece from the workpiece mounting rack;
s160, finishing the polishing and stirring process flow, if the stirring and polishing process flow does not need to be carried out again for a long time, closing the power supply of the device, taking out the magnetic rheological body from the tank body, and cleaning the tank body; if the stirring and polishing process needs to be carried out again after a short time, the rotating speed of the motor is set to be 20-100rpm, and the stirring shaft drives the blades to carry out low-speed uniform stirring on the magnetic rheological body in the magnetic field.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the scheme is adopted, the energized solenoid is utilized to form a strong magnetic field, the magnetorheological body containing polishing powder forms a Bingham body under the action of the strong magnetic field, the Bingham body is high in viscosity and low in fluidity, a workpiece moves relative to the magnetorheological body to generate shearing force, and the polishing powder in the magnetorheological body flexibly polishes the workpiece under the action of the shearing force to realize automatic control of high-finish surface quality. The scheme can be applied to: 1. ultra-precision polishing of nano-scale surface finish optical elements; 2. mirror polishing of the surface of the electroplated structural part, the superhard material, non-ferrous metal and other elements; 3. high surface quality polishing of the non-magnetic conductive metal connector; 4. and polishing other materials.
The high-efficiency flexible polishing with high quality surface requirements of parts of various shapes can be realized, the problems of the traditional polishing such as scratch and collision are avoided, and the surface shape precision and the geometric tolerance of a workpiece are hardly influenced; meanwhile, the polishing method disclosed by the invention utilizes a state between solid and liquid for polishing, and no dust, no harmful chemical reagent and no pollution to the environment are formed in the polishing process. The polishing process is automated, and the harmful effects of traditional polishing on human and the dependence on human are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a magnetic field diagram of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the double-layer arrangement of the workpiece of the magnetic fluid stirring polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a single-layer layout diagram of a workpiece of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of a large thin-wall workpiece of a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device and a polishing method thereof according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1-a servo motor; 2-mounting a base; 3, coupling; 4-a top cover; 5-upper end cover; 6-iron core; 7-coil turns; 8-tank body; 9-a workpiece mounting frame; 10-a stirring shaft; 11-a paddle; 12-magnetic rheological body; 13-a workpiece; 14-motor drive; 15-lower base; 16-a direct current power supply; 17-a control box; 18-plug.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body 8, an electrifying spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting frame 9, a stirring shaft 10 and a magnetic rheological body 12;
the magnetic rheological body 12 is filled in the tank body 8, the stirring shaft 10 is arranged in the tank body 8, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames 9 are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, workpieces 13 are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames 9, the tank body 8 is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the workpiece mounting frames 9 to move in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magnetic rheological body 12.
In the embodiment, a tank body 8 is filled with a magnetic rheological body 12, wherein the magnetic rheological body 12 mainly comprises hydroxyl iron powder, water and polishing powder, a stirring shaft 10 is further arranged in the tank body 8, a plurality of workpiece mounting frames 9 are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, each workpiece mounting frame 9 is preferably arranged perpendicular to the stirring shaft 10, workpieces 13 are placed on the tool mounting frames, different workpiece mounting frames 9 can be designed according to the structures of different workpieces 13 to achieve high-efficiency flexible polishing of parts in various shapes, when the plurality of tool mounting frames are arranged on the stirring shaft 10, the tool mounting frames are preferably symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 10, and the workpieces 13 are also symmetrically arranged along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 10 to uniformly stir the magnetic rheological body 12; the electrifying spiral tube consists of an iron core 6 and coil turns 7, an upper end cover 5 and a lower base 15 are also arranged on the side surface of the tank body 8, wherein the upper end cover 5 and the lower base 15 are both in a circular ring structure of non-magnetic conducting materials, the iron core 6 is in a hollow cylindrical structure of magnetic conducting materials DT4, the upper end cover 5, the lower base 15 and the iron core 6 are respectively connected through bolts or metal adhesives to form an I-shaped framework, the coil turns 7 are wound on the iron core 6, and different turns can be arranged on the coil turns 7 according to the requirement of the electromagnetic field intensity of the device; placing a tank body 8 in the center of a hollow cylinder of an iron core 6, wherein the tank body 8 is flush with the bottom of the iron core 6, a gap of 0.5-2 mm is arranged in the radial direction, the upper end surface of the tank body 8 is higher than the upper end surface by not less than 20mm, the tank body 8 is made of a non-metal material, and a stirring shaft 10 and a workpiece mounting frame 9 are both made of a non-magnetic material; when the coil turns 7 are electrified, the magnetic rheological body 12 is in a strong magnetic field and is a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity; when the stirring shaft 10 drives the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting frame 9 to move together, the moving direction of the workpiece is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, the magnetic rheological body 12 can move relative to the workpiece 13 to generate shearing force, the shearing and polishing of the magnetic rheological body 12 on the workpiece 13 are realized, the problems of the traditional polishing such as scratching and collision can be avoided, and the surface shape precision and the geometric tolerance of the workpiece 13 are hardly influenced.
In the embodiment, the top cover 4 is arranged at the opening at the top of the tank body 8, the top cover 4 is made of non-magnetic materials, the lower end face of the top cover 4 is provided with a convex spigot, the convex spigot is in small clearance fit with the inner hole of the tank body 8, and the top cover 4 and the tank body 8 are limited and fixed by a positioning pin and used for sealing the top of the tank body 8; the servo motor 1 is installed in the middle of the upper end face of the top cover 4 through the installation seat 2 and fixedly connected with the top cover 4, a step hole is formed in the center of the top cover 4, an output shaft of the servo motor 1 is connected with the stirring shaft 10 through the coupler 3 and penetrates through the step hole of the top cover 4, the stirring shaft 10 is vertically placed, the servo motor 1 can drive the stirring shaft 10 to move at the moment, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the workpiece 13 to stir the magnetic rheological body 12.
In this embodiment, the servo motor 1 may preferably be a rotary motor or a linear motor, when the servo motor 1 is a rotary motor, the stirring shaft 10 is driven to rotate around its axis to drive the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9 to rotate along the radial direction of the tank 8, and at this time, the magnetic field direction of the energized spiral pipe is set to be set along the axial direction of the tank 8, so that the moving direction of the workpiece 13 is perpendicular to the magnetic field direction;
when the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is used, because the resistance is too large when the large thin-wall workpiece 13 rotates along the radial direction of the tank body 8, the polishing effect is too low, a linear motor needs to be adopted, the output shaft end of the servo motor 11 adopts a screw nut structure, the servo motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 10 to do small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is installed and fixed on the workpiece mounting frame 9, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 does small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion along with the stirring shaft 10 in the vertical direction, the structures of the coil turns 7 and the iron core 6 need to be changed at the moment, the magnetic field direction in the tank body 8 is the horizontal direction, and in a strong magnetic field with the horizontal magnetic field direction, the magnetic rheological body 1212 which is a BingHam fluid and.
In this embodiment, when the servo motor 1 is a rotating motor, the paddle 11 is arranged at the bottom of the stirring shaft 10, the stirring shaft 10 and the paddle 11 are connected through threads, the paddle 11 is located at the bottom of the tank body 8, and the paddle 11 rotates along with the stirring shaft 10, so that the magnetic rheological body 12 can be prevented from settling and accumulating at the bottom of the tank body 8.
In this embodiment, a control box 17 is further provided, and a motor driver 14 and a dc power supply 16 are provided in the control box 17, wherein the motor driver 14 is connected to the servo motor 1 through a power cable and a code cable, and controls the starting and moving speed of the servo motor 1, and the speed of the servo motor 1 can be adjusted according to the polishing efficiency; the direct current power supply 16 is connected with the coil turn 7 through a cable to control the on-off and the magnitude of the current of the coil turn 7; when the coil turns 7 are not electrified, the magnetorheostat 12 is in a zero magnetic field and is a low-viscosity Newtonian fluid, the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9 rotate together with the stirring shaft 10 to play a role in stirring and homogenizing components of the magnetorheostat 12 and not polish the workpiece 13, when the coil turns 7 are electrified, the magnetorheostat 12 is in a high-intensity magnetic field and is a high-viscosity low-fluidity Bingham fluid, the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9 rotate together with the stirring shaft 10, the magnetorheostat 12 moves relative to the workpiece 13 to generate shearing force, shearing and polishing of the magnetorheostat 12 on the workpiece 13 are achieved, the magnitude of the output current of the direct-current power supply 16 is adjusted to control the strength of the magnetic field generated by the coil turns 7, the viscosity of the magnetorheostat 12 is controlled, the shearing force of the magnetorheostat 12 on the workpiece 13 is further controlled, and the polishing quality and polishing efficiency of.
In this embodiment, in order to supplement the magnetic rheological body 12 in the polishing process, the top cover 4 is further provided with a through hole, the magnetic rheological body 12 is filled into the can body 8 through the through hole, and after the supplement is finished, the through hole is sealed by using a plug 18, wherein the plug 18 adopts a non-magnetic conductive material.
In this embodiment, in order to facilitate disassembling the tool mounting rack and assembling the tool mounting racks with different structural designs, the workpiece mounting racks 9 are movably connected with the stirring shaft 10, preferably, the movable connection is threaded, the stirring shaft 10 is provided with a plurality of screw holes, the end portions of the workpiece mounting racks 9 are provided with threads, the stirring shaft 10 is not provided with the screw holes of the workpiece mounting racks 9 and needs to be blocked by a thread plug 18, wherein the thread plug 18 needs to be made of a non-metal material; for workpieces 13 with different sizes, a plurality of tool mounting frames are often required to be installed in a matched manner, as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of installing two layers of tool mounting frames is shown, the workpieces 13 are placed on the double-layer workpiece mounting frame 9 and are generally symmetrically placed, and a magnetic fluid stirring and polishing process is performed in the tank body 8; for the workpiece 13 with a slightly larger size, as shown in fig. 4, a single-layer workpiece mounting frame 9 is adopted for carrying out the magnetic fluid stirring polishing process; for a large thin-wall workpiece 13, as shown in fig. 5, the structures of the coil turns 7 and the iron core 6 need to be changed, the direction of a magnetic field in the tank body 8 is horizontal, the output shaft end of the servo motor 1 adopts a screw nut structure, the servo motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 10 to do small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion in the vertical direction, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 is installed and fixed on the workpiece mounting frame 9, the large thin-wall workpiece 13 does small-stroke up-and-down reciprocating motion in the vertical direction along with the stirring shaft 10, and in a strong magnetic field with the horizontal magnetic field direction, the magnetic rheological body 12 which is a BingHam fluid and the workpiece 13 do shearing motion to realize shearing and polishing on the surface of.
In this embodiment, a polishing method of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing apparatus includes the following steps:
s1: fixing a workpiece 13 on a workpiece mounting rack 9, and mounting the workpiece mounting rack 9 on a stirring shaft 10;
s2: after a small amount of magnetic rheological bodies 12 are contained in the tank body 8, a workpiece 13, a workpiece mounting frame 9 and a stirring shaft 10 are arranged in the tank body 8, the top cover 4 is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the tank body 8, a proper amount of magnetic rheological bodies 12 are supplemented through a through hole of the top cover 4, and then the tank body 8 is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe;
s3: judging whether the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if so, going to step S4, and if not, going to step S5;
s4: the direct current power supply 16 closes the output current, the motor drive 14 starts the servo motor 1, and the servo motor 1 uniformly stirs the magnetorheostat 12 at a low speed;
s5: according to the polishing process, the rotating speed of the servo motor 1 is set, the output current of the direct current power supply 16 is set, the workpiece 13 is stirred at a high speed in the tank body 88, the magnetorheological body 12 generates shearing force, and the magnetorheological body 12 starts to shear and polish the workpiece 13;
s6: after the surface smoothness of the workpiece 13 meets the requirements, the direct current power supply 16 is turned off, the servo motor 1 is turned off in a delayed mode, and after the workpiece 13 is taken out, the workpiece 13 is disassembled and cleaned;
s7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
Further preferably, the step S3 further includes the following sub-steps: only when the magnetorheological body 12 is newly injected into the tank 8 or after the magnetorheological body 12 stirs and polishes the workpiece 13 for a long time, the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized.
Further preferably, the step S5 further includes the following sub-steps: when the workpiece 13 is sheared and polished by the magnetorheological body 12, whether the surface of the workpiece 13 meets the polishing requirement needs to be judged, and if the surface smoothness meets the requirement, the process flow enters step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
The detailed working principle of the scheme is as follows:
s10, the workpiece 13, the magnetorheostat 12 and the polishing device are ready to start a polishing process;
s20, placing and fixing 1 or more workpieces 13 on the workpiece mounting rack 9, wherein the workpieces 13 are generally placed on the workpiece 13 mounting pieces in a symmetrical arrangement mode;
s30, installing and fixing the workpiece mounting rack 9 on the stirring shaft 10 and fixing the workpiece mounting rack by using screws, wherein the stirring shaft 10 is not provided with a screw hole of the workpiece mounting rack 9 and is blocked by using a threaded plug 18;
s40, a small amount of magnetic rheological body 12 is placed in the tank body 8, after the workpiece 13, the workpiece mounting frame 9 and the stirring shaft 10 are placed in the tank body 8, a proper amount of magnetic rheological body 12 is supplemented through the liquid supplementing hole of the top cover 4, and the liquid level of the magnetic rheological body 12 in the tank body 8 is controlled to be slightly lower than the end face of the upper end cover 5;
s50, placing the stirring shaft 10 in the tank 8, placing the top cover 4 at the opening of the tank 8, and limiting and fixing the top cover 4 and the tank 8 by a positioning pin;
s60, integrally placing the tank body 8 in the center of the hollow cylinder of the iron core 6, wherein the tank body 8 is flush with the bottom of the iron core 6;
and S70, judging whether the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement. After the magnetorheological body 12 is newly injected into the tank body 8 or the magnetorheological body 12 is stirred and polished for a long time, the magnetorheological body 12 generally needs to be homogenized, and the magnetorheological body 12 does not need to be homogenized under other conditions; if the magnetorheological body 12 needs to be homogenized, the process proceeds to step S80, and if the magnetorheological body 12 does not need to be homogenized, the process proceeds to step S90;
s80, when the magnetorheostat 12 needs to be homogenized, the direct current power supply 16 is turned off to output current, no current passes through the coil turns 7, the magnetorheostat 12 is in a zero magnetic field, the motor drive 14 starts the servo motor 1, the rotating speed of the servo motor 1 is set to be 20-100rpm, stirring is carried out for about 5 minutes, and the magnetorheostat 12 is stirred uniformly;
s90, when the workpiece 13 needs to be stirred and polished, setting the rotation speed of the servo motor 1 to 2000-3000rpm according to the polishing process, and driving the workpiece 13 to stir the magnetorheologic body 12 in the tank 8 at a high speed by the stirring shaft 10;
s100, turning on a direct current power supply 16, setting the output current of the direct current power supply 16 to be 0-4A according to a polishing process, enabling current to pass through coil turns 7, enabling a magnetorheostat 12 to be a Bingham fluid with high viscosity and low fluidity under the action of a strong magnetic field, stirring the magnetorheostat 12 at a high speed in a tank 8 to generate shearing force on a workpiece 13, and enabling the magnetorheostat 12 to cut and polish the workpiece 13;
s110, judging whether the surface of the workpiece 13 meets the polishing requirement, if the surface smoothness meets the requirement, the process flow goes to the step S120, and if the surface smoothness does not meet the requirement, the process flow goes to the step S70;
s120, when the surface smoothness of the workpiece 13 meets the requirement, the direct current power supply 16 is closed, no current exists in the coil turns 7, and the magnetorheological body 12 is converted into low-viscosity and high-fluidity Newton fluid from Bingham fluid within milliseconds;
s130, after the direct current power supply 16 is turned off and delayed for several seconds, the servo motor 1 is turned off, and the workpiece 13 stops rotating and stirring in the tank body 8;
s140, integrally taking out the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9 from the tank body 8;
s150, cleaning the workpiece 13 and the workpiece mounting rack 9, and detaching the workpiece 13 from the workpiece mounting rack 9;
s160, finishing the polishing and stirring process flow, if the stirring and polishing process flow does not need to be carried out again for a long time, closing the power supply of the device, taking the magnetorheological body 12 out of the tank body 8, and cleaning the tank body 8; if the stirring and polishing process needs to be carried out again after a short time, the rotating speed of the motor is set to be 20-100rpm, and the stirring shaft 10 drives the blades 11 to carry out low-speed uniform stirring on the magnetorheological body 12 in the magnetic field.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device comprises a tank body (8), and is characterized by further comprising an electrified spiral pipe, a workpiece mounting rack (9), a stirring shaft (10) and a magnetic rheological body (12);
the magnetic rheological body (12) is filled in the tank body (8), the stirring shaft (10) is arranged inside the tank body (8), a plurality of workpiece mounting frames (9) are arranged on the stirring shaft (10), workpieces (13) are mounted on the workpiece mounting frames (9), the tank body (8) is arranged in the middle of the electrified spiral pipe, and the stirring shaft (10) drives the motion direction of the workpiece mounting frames (9) to be perpendicular to the magnetic field direction of the electrified spiral pipe and is used for stirring the magnetic rheological body (12).
2. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a servo motor (1), a mounting seat (2) and a top cover (4), wherein the top cover (4) is used for sealing the top of the tank body (8), the servo motor (1) is mounted in the middle of the upper end of the top cover (4) through the mounting seat (2), a stepped hole is formed in the middle of the top cover (4), and a coupler (3) of the servo motor (1) is connected with one end of the stirring shaft (10) through the stepped hole and drives the stirring shaft (10) to move.
3. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the servo motor (1) is a rotary motor or a linear motor.
4. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 3, wherein when the servo motor (1) is a rotating motor, the device further comprises a paddle (11), the paddle (11) is arranged at the other end of the stirring shaft (10), and the paddle (11) is positioned at the bottom of the tank body (8).
5. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising a control box (17), wherein a motor driver (14) and a direct current power supply (16) are arranged in the control box (17), the motor driver (14) is connected with the servo motor (1) and used for controlling the starting and moving speed of the servo motor (1), and the direct current power supply (16) is connected with the electrifying spiral pipe and used for controlling the current on-off and the current magnitude of the electrifying spiral pipe.
6. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising a plug (18), wherein the top cover (4) is further provided with a through hole, and the plug (18) is used for closing the through hole.
7. A magnetic fluid stirring and polishing device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the workpiece mounting frames (9) are movably connected with the stirring shaft (10).
8. The polishing method of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: fixing a workpiece (13) on a workpiece mounting rack (9), and mounting the workpiece mounting rack (9) on a stirring shaft (10);
s2: after a small amount of magnetic rheological bodies (12) are contained in the tank body (8), a workpiece (13), a workpiece mounting frame (9) and a stirring shaft (10) are arranged in the tank body (8), the top cover (4) is arranged at an opening at the upper end of the tank body (8), a proper amount of magnetic rheological bodies (12) are supplemented through a through hole of the top cover (4), and then the tank body (8) is arranged in the middle of the electrifying spiral pipe;
s3: judging whether the magnetorheologic body (12) needs to be homogenized according to the process requirement, if so, entering step S4, and if not, entering step S5;
s4: the direct current power supply (16) closes the output current, the motor drive (14) starts the servo motor (1), and the servo motor (1) uniformly stirs the magnetorheologic body (12) at a low speed;
s5: according to the polishing process, the rotating speed of a servo motor (1) is set, the output current of a direct current power supply (16) is set, a workpiece (13) is stirred at a high speed in a tank body 8 to generate shearing force on a magnetic rheological body (12), and the magnetic rheological body (12) starts to shear and polish the workpiece (13);
s6: after the surface smoothness of the workpiece (13) meets the requirement, the direct current power supply (16) is closed, the servo motor (1) is delayed to be closed, and the workpiece (13) is disassembled and cleaned after the workpiece (13) is taken out;
s7: and finishing the polishing and stirring process flow.
9. The polishing method of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device according to claim 8, wherein the step S3 further comprises the following substeps: the magnetic rheological body (12) needs to be homogenized only when the magnetic rheological body (12) is newly injected into the tank body (8) or after the magnetic rheological body (12) stirs and polishes the workpiece (13) for a long time.
10. The polishing method of a magnetic fluid stirring polishing device according to claim 8, wherein the step S5 further comprises the following substeps: when the workpiece (13) is sheared and polished by the magnetorheologic body (12), whether the surface of the workpiece (13) meets the polishing requirement needs to be judged, and if the surface smoothness meets the requirement, the process flow enters step S6; if the surface finish does not meet the requirements, the process flow proceeds to step S3.
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