CN112782671B - Broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross correlation - Google Patents
Broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross correlation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112782671B CN112782671B CN202110095137.XA CN202110095137A CN112782671B CN 112782671 B CN112782671 B CN 112782671B CN 202110095137 A CN202110095137 A CN 202110095137A CN 112782671 B CN112782671 B CN 112782671B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4865—Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
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Abstract
A broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross correlation comprises an optical signal generating module, a microwave signal generating and transmitting module, a microwave amplifying module, a microwave input module, a cross correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module and a digital signal processing module. The invention processes microwave signals in the photon field, has the advantages of high bandwidth and low noise, and can process microwave signals with high frequency band and large bandwidth. The method can be widely applied to the technical fields of information such as ultra-wideband radar, digital communication, electronic countermeasure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a broadband radar, in particular to a broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross correlation.
Background
The radar can play an irreplaceable role in the fields of communication, traffic, national defense and the like. Since 1935 the initial use, the radar developed rapidly in recent decades, and the function was more and more abundant, ranging, location and speed measurement function from earlier stage, to search for, discernment, tracking, formation of image, modern radar system has had multi-functional, multifrequency section and digital development trend, but also has put forward broadband, miniaturized and reconfigurable higher requirement to the performance of radar simultaneously.
Radars based on microwave, semiconductor and Digital integrated circuit technologies are limited by electronic bottlenecks such as transit time, electromagnetic crosstalk and time jitter of a microwave design process, and in order to improve performance of a radar system, a high-performance Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS), a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) and an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) need to be used, and signal sources of a transmitter and a receiver need to use a high-performance local vibration source to perform a process of frequency conversion for many times, so that the working bandwidth (MHz) and the working frequency band (GHz) of the radar system are severely limited. With the development of microwave photonics and optical devices, microwave photonics can generate microwave signals with high frequency band and large bandwidth by using the frequency, bandwidth, electromagnetic shielding and other properties of optical devices, and perform modulation, demodulation and other processing on the microwave signals. And the optical device has the characteristics of small volume, light weight and small loss. Therefore, the microwave photon radar can generate a high-frequency-band, large-broadband, multi-band and long-time emission signal, can remarkably improve the detection capability of the radar on a target, continuously breaks through the bottleneck of the traditional electronic radar, and has the characteristics of miniaturization and reconfigurability.
At present, the microwave photon radar system mainly adopts two modes of matched filtering and deskewing for pulse compression of received broadband signals. The microwave photon radar based on the matched filtering mode can perform imaging processing on all echoes without knowing the position of a target to be detected in advance, is suitable for target detection, but cannot reduce the sampling rate of echo signals, so that higher requirements are placed on the level and signal processing of devices such as an ADC (analog to digital converter). The microwave photon radar receiver based on the deskew processing utilizes the local oscillation signal to perform down-conversion operation on the echo signal, samples the signal into a digital signal through the ADC, performs complex discrete Fourier transform in a digital domain, and obtains range profile information of a target through frequency domain information. When the bandwidth of the echo signal is large, the deskew processing mode can greatly reduce the sampling frequency of the signal, reduce the difficulty of ADC sampling and reduce the complexity of digital signal processing. However, the pulse compression in the deskew processing requires the center position of the target to be known, and only the imaging processing can be performed on the target within a certain range around the center position of the target, and if the range is too large, the pulse compression performance at the edge position is degraded.
As a device for detecting a high-altitude high-speed moving target, a radar can accurately detect the target by receiving and processing an echo signal in real time to obtain an effective position of the target, and then makes a decision quickly. The microwave photon radar has the advantages of high frequency band, large bandwidth and the like, if the real-time matched filtering can be carried out on the received long-time signal, the real-time property of a radar detection target can be improved, the signal bandwidth is also reduced, the sampling rate requirement of a rear-end digital signal processing module is reduced, the complex discrete Fourier transform is carried out in a digital domain, the advantages of matched filtering and deskew processing are effectively combined, and the microwave photon radar has important significance for the development of a radar system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross-correlation aiming at the defects of the traditional radar system architecture, the device utilizes the delay characteristic of an optical delay line to perform scanning delay operation on a received echo signal so as to realize real-time detection and reception, utilizes the multiplication characteristic of a modulator to perform real-time analog domain multiplication operation on the received microwave signal, then utilizes a photoelectric detector to perform detection, converts the modulated optical signal into a microwave signal, obtains a low-frequency signal component after passing through a microwave low-pass filter so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the signal bandwidth, and finally performs simple summation operation on the broadband signal by a back-end digital signal processing module so as to complete the real-time signal cross-correlation operation, achieve the capability of performing pulse compression on the signal and improve the distance resolution of the signal. By adjusting the parameters of the device, the receiver can receive broadband signals of different frequency bands and different time lengths in real time, greatly simplifies the system complexity of the radar receiver and the calculation complexity of a rear-end digital domain on the premise of not sacrificing the radar distance resolution, and improves the timeliness of the radar receiver.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving arrangement based on cross-correlation, its characterized in that includes optical signal generation module, light merit divides module, microwave signal generation and emission module, microwave receiving module, microwave amplification module, cross-correlation receive electro-optic module in real time and digital signal processing module, cross-correlation receive electro-optic module include optical signal input module, controllable light delay module, electro-optic modulation module, microwave signal input module, receive optical detection module, microwave low pass filter module and microwave signal output module, the output of optical signal generation module with the input of light merit divide the module to link to each other, light merit divide the module to divide the optical signal into two tunnel: one path is connected with the input end of the microwave signal generating and transmitting module, the other path is connected with the input end of the optical signal input module, the output end of the microwave receiving module is connected with the input end of the microwave amplifying module, the output end of the microwave amplifying module is connected with the input end of the microwave signal input module of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module, the optical signal input end of the electro-optical modulation module is connected with the output end of the controllable optical delay module, the output end of the microwave signal input module is connected with the microwave signal input end of the electro-optical modulation module, the output end of the electro-optical modulation module is connected with the input end of the receiver optical detection module, the output end of the receiver optical detection module is connected with the input end of the microwave low-pass filter module, the output end of the microwave low-pass filter module is connected with the input end of the microwave output module, and the output end of the microwave output module is connected with the input end of the digital signal processing module.
The optical signal generating module comprises a system light source and an optical signal generating part. The system light source is used for generating narrow pulses with a wide spectrum and a certain repetition frequency as a carrier wave, and can be realized by methods such as locking a mode-locked laser to a reference signal source, synthesizing a plurality of lasers and the like or modes such as an optical fiber, a solid and an on-chip laser and the like; the optical signal generating part is used for generating a specific form of optical signal, which may be, but is not limited to, a beat frequency manner, and the generated signal type includes, but is not limited to, a chirp signal.
The microwave signal generating and transmitting module comprises an emitting light detecting module, a microwave amplifying module and a microwave output module, wherein the emitting light detecting module is used for converting an optical signal into a microwave signal and can adopt but not limited to a PIN tube or an APD tube; the microwave amplification module is used for amplifying the power of a microwave signal, and can adopt but not limited to a class AB complementary symmetric power amplification circuit and a power BJT; the microwave output module is used for transmitting microwave signals, and can adopt but not limited to a horn antenna, a microstrip antenna and a phased array antenna.
The controllable optical delay module adopts a continuous adjustable or stepping adjustable optical delay line, and the stepping adjustable interval is smaller than the distance resolution of the signal.
The electro-optical modulation module adopts a lithium niobate electro-optical modulator, a polymer electro-optical modulator, a silicon-based integrated electro-optical modulator, an acousto-optic modulator or a spatial light modulator.
The receiving light detection module adopts a PIN tube or an APD tube.
The microwave low-pass filtering module adopts a Butterworth filter, a Chebyshev filter or a Bessel filter.
The digital signal processing module adopts a mode of combining an oscilloscope, an ADC chip or a signal development board with a computer and a singlechip.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the receiving device of the invention comprehensively utilizes the nonlinear action of the modulator, the time delay action of the optical delay line, the principle of broadband signal frequency mixing and the cross-correlation calculation principle, the frequency of a low-frequency signal required in the frequency-mixed signal can be changed along with the change of the receiving window of the adjustable delay line, the maximum frequency is consistent with the bandwidth of the generated signal, and the frequency is gradually reduced to be near zero frequency by adjusting the time delay. Compared with the traditional matched filtering and deskewing modes, the method not only maintains the advantages of the matched filtering mode, but also processes the broadband signals into point-frequency signals by combining the deskewing mode, greatly reduces the signal bandwidth, and simultaneously operates the signal processing on an analog domain as much as possible, thereby greatly reducing the sampling rate of a rear-end digital signal processing module and the pressure of digital operation.
2. The remote continuous real-time receiving of the microwave signals can be realized by configuring corresponding modules in the system. The broadband microwave photon radar receiving device based on cross-correlation can greatly improve the timeliness of signals received by a radar receiver, improve the performance and functions of a radar system and have very important application value.
3. The receiver has simple structure, small number of used device modules, low cost and small volume.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall architecture diagram of an embodiment of a broadband microwave photonic radar real-time receiving device based on cross-correlation, wherein (a) is the overall architecture diagram of the embodiment of the invention, and (b) is the architecture diagram of a cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing that the received microwave signal starts to be detected by the optical signal, wherein (a) the echo signal and the local oscillator light pulse are staggered by a time domain of-2 ns; (b) Carrying out time domain modulation by staggering-2 ns between the echo signal and the local oscillation light pulse; (c) Carrying out low-pass filtering after time domain modulation of-2 ns staggering on the echo signal and the local oscillation light pulse;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the present invention showing the received microwave signal being completely detected by the optical signal; wherein, (a) the echo signal and the local oscillator light pulse are completely coincided in a time domain; (b) Time domain modulation that the echo signal and the local oscillator light pulse are completely coincident; (c) Performing low-pass filtering after time domain modulation in which the echo signal and the local oscillation light pulse are completely overlapped;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating gradual separation of a received microwave signal from an optical signal according to the present invention, wherein (a) an echo signal and a local oscillation optical pulse are staggered by a time domain of 2 ns; (b) Carrying out time domain modulation by staggering 2ns between the echo signal and the local oscillation light pulse; (c) And filtering after time domain modulation that the echo signal and the local oscillation light pulse are staggered by 2 ns.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the intermediate state and the final result of the cross-correlation.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is an overall architecture diagram of an embodiment of a broadband microwave photonic radar real-time receiving apparatus based on cross-correlation, as can be seen from the figure, the broadband microwave photonic radar real-time receiving apparatus based on cross-correlation of the present invention comprises an optical signal generating module 1, an optical power dividing module 2, a microwave signal generating and transmitting module 3, a microwave receiving module 4, a microwave amplifying module 5, a cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6 and a digital signal processing module 7, wherein the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6 comprises an optical signal input module 6-1, a controllable optical delay module 6-2, an electro-optical modulation module 6-3, a microwave signal input module 6-4, a receiving optical detection module 6-5, a microwave low-pass filtering module 6-6 and a microwave signal output module 6-7, an output end of the optical signal generating module 1 is connected with an input end of the optical power dividing module 2, and the optical power dividing module 2 divides an optical signal into two paths: one path is connected with the input end of the microwave signal generating and transmitting module 3, the other path is connected with the input end of an optical signal input module 6-1 of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6, the output end of the microwave receiving module 4 is connected with the input end of the microwave amplifying module 5, the output end of the microwave amplifying module 5 is connected with the input end of a microwave signal input module 6-4 of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6, the optical signal input end of the electro-optical modulating module 6-3 is connected with the output end of the controllable optical delay module 6-2, the output end of the microwave signal input module 6-4 is connected with the microwave signal input end of the microwave modulating module 6-3, the output end of the electro-optical modulating module 6-3 is connected with the input end of the receiver optical detecting module 6-5, the output end of the receiver optical detecting module 6-5 is connected with the input end of the microwave low-pass filtering module 6-6, the output end of the microwave low-pass filtering module 6-6 is connected with the input end of the microwave output module 6-7, and the digital signal input end of the microwave output module 6-7 is connected with the digital signal processing module 7.
Examples
The optical signal generating module 1 includes a system light source and an optical signal generating portion. The system light source is used for generating narrow pulses with a wide spectrum and a certain repetition frequency as a carrier, and the mode-locked laser is adopted in the embodiment; the optical signal generating part adopts a beat frequency mode, and the generated signal is a linear frequency modulation signal.
The microwave signal generating and transmitting module 3 comprises a transmitting light detecting module, a microwave amplifying module and a microwave output module, in this embodiment, the transmitting light detecting module adopts a PIN tube; the microwave amplification module adopts an AB complementary symmetric power amplification circuit; the microwave output module adopts a horn antenna.
The controllable light delay module 6-2 adopts a stepping adjustable light delay line, and the stepping adjustable interval is smaller than the distance resolution of the signal.
The electro-optical modulation module 6-3 adopts a lithium niobate electro-optical modulator.
The receiving light detection module 6-5 adopts a PIN tube.
The microwave low-pass filtering module 6-6 adopts a Butterworth filter.
The digital signal processing module 7 adopts an oscilloscope.
The receiving method of the broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on the cross correlation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) The optical signal generating module 1 generates an optical pulse signal with a chirp property through an interference structure of optical fiber dispersion, a spectral filtering effect and unbalanced dispersion, an output end of the optical signal generating module 1 is connected with an input end of the optical power dividing module 2, and two paths of strictly coherent optical signals are generated through the optical power dividing module 2. One path of the microwave signal is transmitted through the microwave signal generating and transmitting module 3. The other path of optical signal enters an optical signal input module 6-1 of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6 to be used as a local oscillation optical signal of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6;
2) The local oscillation optical signal of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module 6 is input into the controllable optical delay module 6-2, and the controllable optical delay module 6-2 adjusts the delay amount to change the relative delay between the local oscillation optical signal and the microwave echo signal, so as to achieve the purpose of detecting the microwave echo signal (as shown in fig. 2);
3) The electro-optical modulation module 6-3 realizes intensity modulation of the local oscillator optical signal and the detected microwave echo signal, and can perform non-blind-zone real-time modulation and reception on the microwave echo signal in a detection area;
4) The receiving photoelectric detection module 6-5 converts the optical signal output by the electro-optical modulation module 6=3 into an electrical signal, and then the microwave low-pass filtering module 6-6 filters out the required low-frequency component;
5) The digital signal processing module 7 converts the dot frequency analog signals output by the microwave signal output modules (6-7) into digital signals, and then realizes the addition operation in the digital domain (as shown in fig. 3).
Experiments show that the invention processes microwave signals in the photon field, has the advantages of high bandwidth and low noise, and can process microwave signals with high frequency band and large bandwidth. The method can be widely applied to the information technology fields of ultra wide band radars, digital communication, electronic countermeasure and the like.
In the process, time domain translation of the local oscillator optical signals is realized by adjusting time delay of the local oscillator optical signals, numerical product of the echo signals and the local oscillator optical signals is realized by a modulation mode, the product part of cross-correlation calculation is completed by filtering low-frequency component of the signal numerical product, and summation is performed by a digital domain to realize real-time cross-correlation calculation. The invention receives microwave signals in the photon field and has the advantages of high bandwidth and low noise performance. The invention modulates the microwave echo signal and the local oscillation optical pulse signal, can greatly reduce the signal bandwidth and reduce the pressure of digital signal processing. The invention has certain reconfigurability, has the capability of working in any frequency band, and can be widely applied to the technical fields of information such as ultra-wideband radar, digital communication and the like.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving arrangement based on cross-correlation, its characterized in that includes optical signal generation module (1), light merit divides module (2), microwave signal generation and emission module (3), microwave receiving module (4), microwave amplification module (5), cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module (6) and digital signal processing module (7), cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module (6) including optical signal input module (6-1), controllable light time delay module (6-2), electro-optical modulation module (6-3), microwave signal input module (6-4), receiving photodetection module (6-5), microwave low pass filter module (6-6) and microwave signal output module (6-7), the output of optical signal generation module (1) with the input of light merit divide the module (2) to link to each other, light merit divide module (2) to divide optical signal into two ways: one path is connected with the input end of the microwave signal generating and transmitting module (3), the other path is connected with the input end of an optical signal input module (6-1) of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module (6), the output end of the microwave receiving module (4) is connected with the input end of the microwave amplifying module (5), the output end of the microwave amplification module (5) is connected with the input end of a microwave signal input module (6-4) of the cross-correlation real-time receiving electro-optical module (6), the optical signal input end of the electro-optical modulation module (6-3) is connected with the output end of the controllable optical delay module (6-2), the output end of the microwave signal input module (6-4) is connected with the microwave signal input end of the electro-optical modulation module (6-3), the output end of the electro-optical modulation module (6-3) is connected with the input end of the receiver optical detection module (6-5), the output end of the receiver light detection module (6-5) is connected with the input end of the microwave low-pass filter module (6-6), the output end of the microwave low-pass filtering module (6-6) is connected with the input end of the microwave output module (6-7), the output end of the microwave output module (6-7) is connected with the input end of the digital signal processing module (7);
the electro-optical modulation module (6-3) realizes intensity modulation of the local oscillation optical signal and the detected microwave echo signal, and performs non-blind-zone real-time modulation and reception on the microwave echo signal in a detection area; the multiplication characteristic of the electro-optical modulation module (6-3) is utilized to carry out real-time analog domain multiplication operation on the received echo signal, the multiplication is cross-correlated with the carrier pulse signal delayed by the controllable optical delay module (6-2), the modulated optical signal is converted into a microwave signal by the receiving photoelectric detection module (6-5), the microwave low-pass filtering module (6-6) is used for filtering out the required low-frequency signal component, the purpose of reducing the signal bandwidth is achieved, finally, the digital signal processing module (7) is utilized to carry out simple summation operation on the broadband signal, the real-time signal cross-correlation operation is completed, the capability of pulse compression on the signal is achieved, and the distance resolution of the signal is improved.
2. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation according to claim 1, wherein the optical signal generating module (1) comprises a system light source and an optical signal generating part, wherein the system light source is used for generating a narrow pulse with a wide spectrum and a certain repetition frequency as a carrier wave, and the narrow pulse is realized by adopting mode-locked laser locking to a reference signal source and a multi-laser synthesis method or by adopting an optical fiber, a solid and an on-chip laser; the optical signal generating part is used for generating an optical signal in a specific form, and the generated signal type comprises a chirp signal in a beat frequency mode.
3. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation according to claim 1, wherein the microwave signal generating and transmitting module (3) comprises an emitting light detecting module, a microwave amplifying module and a microwave output module, wherein the emitting light detecting module is used for converting an optical signal into a microwave signal, and a PIN tube or an APD tube can be adopted; the microwave amplification module is used for amplifying the power of a microwave signal, and can adopt a class-A and class-B complementary symmetric power amplification circuit and a power BJT; the microwave output module is used for transmitting microwave signals and can adopt horn antennas, microstrip antennas and phased array antennas.
4. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the controllable optical delay module (6-2) adopts a continuously adjustable or step-adjustable optical delay line, and the step-adjustable interval is smaller than the distance resolution of the signal.
5. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation according to claim 1, wherein the electro-optical modulation module (6-3) adopts a lithium niobate electro-optical modulator, a polymer electro-optical modulator, a silicon-based integrated electro-optical modulator, an acousto-optical modulator or a spatial light modulator.
6. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation according to claim 1, wherein the receiving light detection module (6-5) adopts a PIN tube or an APD tube.
7. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microwave low-pass filtering module (6-6) adopts a butterworth filter, a chebyshev filter or a bessel filter.
8. The real-time receiving device of the broadband microwave photonic radar based on the cross-correlation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the digital signal processing module (7) adopts a mode of combining an oscilloscope, an ADC chip or a signal development board with a computer and a singlechip.
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