CN111077519B - Microwave photon radar implementation method and system - Google Patents
Microwave photon radar implementation method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111077519B CN111077519B CN202010039665.9A CN202010039665A CN111077519B CN 111077519 B CN111077519 B CN 111077519B CN 202010039665 A CN202010039665 A CN 202010039665A CN 111077519 B CN111077519 B CN 111077519B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/87—Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention provides a microwave photon radar implementation method and a system, comprising the following steps: the device comprises a transmitting link, a transmitting antenna, a receiving link, a receiving antenna and a data processing and control module, wherein one end of the transmitting link is connected with the data processing and control module, and the other end of the transmitting link is connected with the transmitting antenna and used for providing a required radar transmitting signal; the transmitting antenna is connected with the transmitting link and used for transmitting radar signals; one end of the receiving link is connected with the data processing and control module, and the other end of the receiving link is connected with the receiving antenna and used for extracting target information from the received radar signals; the receiving antenna is connected with the receiving chain and used for receiving radar signals; and the data processing and control module is connected with the transmitting link and the receiving link and is used for controlling the timing sequence, communication and extraction of target signals in echo signals of the radar system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radars, in particular to a microwave photon radar implementation method and system.
Background
Radars are playing an increasingly important role in military and civilian applications due to their unique all-weather, all-time technical advantages. The rise of the unmanned technology combines the existing development characteristics of weapons such as stealth and hypersonic speed, so that the sky threat patterns are more diversified, and the radar equipment is forced to need the capability of effectively detecting various targets at the same time. In addition, real-time sensing and remote sensing mapping of the battlefield environment also need high resolution and multi-band fusion images, which puts higher precision and multi-band working requirements on the aerospace platform radar. The above requirements put forward requirements on radar implementation technologies for functional reconfiguration and high resolution, i.e., bandwidth tuning and large and tunable bandwidth. The traditional radar is difficult to break through in frequency band tuning and bandwidth due to the limitation of 'electronic bottleneck'. In recent years, as the microwave photon technology in the field of crossing of the microwave technology and the photon technology is rapidly developed, the technology has the inherent advantages of high frequency, ultra wide band, low phase noise and the like, the application of the technology in a radar system is always a research hotspot, and the realization of the radar system based on the technology, namely the microwave photon radar, is paid more attention from a plurality of countries and research teams.
In order to solve the problem of the microwave photon Radar, the first international microwave photon technology Radar (f.scott, f.laghezza, d.onori, and a.bogoni, "Field three of a plurality of aqueous-based dual-band fused Radar systems in an amplitude Radar," Iet radio Radar Nav 11(3),420-425 (2017)) has been reported in Nature by the italian research group as early as 2014, and then the Radar system is successively upgraded to a dual-band integrated detection Radar and a dual-band fusion imaging Radar which realizes linear waveform frequency modulation generation echo signal light sampling reception based on an optical frequency comb output by the same mode-locked laser at the transmitting and receiving ends, thereby showing the excellent tuning capability and the band compatibility capability of the microwave photon Radar. Because the bandwidth of the passive mode-locked laser is limited by the optical frequency comb interval, and the realization of the passive mode-locked laser with large mode interval still has a challenge, the method cannot realize the generation of large-bandwidth signals, and the bandwidth of the passive mode-locked laser is only in the order of hundred megahertz, so that higher-precision detection cannot be realized. Then, the institute of electronics of China department (R.Li, W.Li, M.Ding, Z.Wen, Y.Li, L.Zhou, S.Yu, T.Xing, B.Gao, Y.Luan, Y.Zhu, P.Guo, Y.Tian, and X.Liang, "monitoring of a microwave synthetic airborne base on photo-specific signal generation and interaction processing," operation.express 25(13), "14334: 14340(2017)," Nanjing aerospace university (F.Zhang, Q.Guo, Z.Wang, P.Zhou, G.Zhang, J.Sun, and S.Pan, "viruses-base for-and-synchronization," W.J.2077, W.J.J.D.J.D.J.D.J., J.D.D.J.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.J.D.J.D.D.D.J., Z.N.J., Y.D.J.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.J.D.D.D.D.D.D.D., Z.A.A.D.D.A.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.Y.Y.Y.D.Y.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.Y.Y.Y.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.Y.D.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.D.D.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.D.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.Y.D.Y.Y.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.Y.D.D.D.Y.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.Y.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.Y.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D.D, li, X, Xue, X, Xiao, D, Wu, X, Zheng, and B, Zhou, "High-resolution W-band ISAR imaging system designing a local-optical-based photonic-to-analog converter," Opt.express 26,1978-1987(2018) ") related research groups respectively construct a microwave photonic radar system based on optical frequency doubling and optical frequency down-conversion based on a single-frequency laser, and the basic structures of the microwave photonic radar system are as follows: the transmitting branch utilizes different optical up-conversion technologies to obtain a high-frequency large-bandwidth transmitting signal, and the receiving end utilizes different optical down-conversion technologies to effectively receive a broadband echo signal. The air force early warning college utilizes the microwave photon ultra wide band radar model machine that constructs to realize the high-resolution formation of image of targets such as civil aviation passenger plane, unmanned aerial vehicle and thunder peak tower, has demonstrated the ultra wide band advantage of microwave photon radar. The Nanjing aerospace university then further provides a chip microwave photon imaging radar architecture, and signal generation based on a light quadruple frequency technology is realized by utilizing two paths of light to be respectively modulated. The above reported system also suffers from two drawbacks with respect to the aforementioned detection requirements: firstly, both the light up-conversion and the down-conversion are realized by controlling the bias state of the Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the accurate and long-time stable control of the state of the Mach-Zehnder modulator is still a challenge, so that the drift condition of the system state exists, and the practical value of the microwave photon radar is influenced; secondly, the system realizes frequency multiplication of bandwidth and frequency multiplication of central frequency, the central frequency and the bandwidth cannot be independently tunable, and the detection distance is limited by the strong attenuation of atmosphere on high-frequency signals.
Through the comparative analysis, the existing microwave photon radar system cannot realize the continuous work of independent tunable and stateless offset of the center frequency and the bandwidth, and is difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision and multifunctional reconfigurable detection.
Disclosure of Invention
In this summary, concepts in a simplified form are introduced that are further described in the detailed description section. This summary of the invention is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In order to at least partially solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method and a system for realizing a microwave photonic radar system, wherein the system utilizes a multi-stage phase modulation and light combination filtering mode to realize the transmission and the reception of radar signals with tunable carrier frequency and bandwidth, the phase modulation does not need state control, so that the system has stable working state and simple structure, and the system formed by independent devices is designed in an integrated manner to realize a low-cost microwave photonic radar system chip.
A microwave photonic radar implementation system, comprising:
a transmitting chain, a transmitting antenna, a receiving chain, a receiving antenna and a data processing and control module, wherein,
one end of the transmitting link is connected with the data processing and control module, and the other end of the transmitting link is connected with the transmitting antenna and used for providing a required radar transmitting signal;
the transmitting antenna is connected with the transmitting link and is used for transmitting radar signals;
one end of the receiving link is connected with the data processing and control module, and the other end of the receiving link is connected with the receiving antenna and used for extracting target information from the received radar signals;
the receiving antenna is connected with the receiving chain and used for receiving radar signals;
and the data processing and control module is connected with the transmitting link and the receiving link and is used for controlling the time sequence, the communication and the extraction of target signals in echo signals of the radar system.
Further, the transmit chain comprises: an input interface of the laser is connected with the data processing and control module, an output interface of the laser is connected with an input interface of a first phase modulator, an output interface of the first phase modulator is connected with an input interface of a double-bandpass optical filter, an output interface of the double-bandpass optical filter is connected with an input interface of a second phase modulator, an output interface of the second phase modulator is connected with an input interface of a bandpass optical filter, an output interface of the bandpass optical filter is connected with an input interface of a 1 x 2 coupler, the output interfaces of the 1 x 2 coupler are divided into two, a first output interface of the 1 x 2 coupler is connected with an input interface of a first photoelectric detector, a second output interface of the 1 x 2 coupler is connected with an input interface of an adjustable optical delay line of the receiving link, and an output interface of the first photoelectric detector is connected with an input interface of an amplifier, the microwave signal source is connected with the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator and provides phase modulation signals for the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator; the laser provides an optical signal source for the transmit chain.
Further, the receiving chain comprises: an output interface of the low-noise amplifier is connected with an input interface of a third phase modulator, an output interface of the third phase modulator is connected with an input interface of an optical filter, an output interface of the optical filter is connected with an input interface of a second photoelectric detector, an output interface of the second photoelectric detector is connected with an input interface of an intermediate frequency filter amplifier, an output interface of the intermediate frequency filter amplifier is connected with an input interface of an analog-to-digital converter, an output interface of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the data processing and control module, and an output interface of the adjustable light delay line is connected with the third phase modulator.
Furthermore, the data processing and control module is connected with the laser of the transmitting link, the data processing and control module is connected with the analog-to-digital converter of the receiving link, and the data processing and control module is connected with the microwave signal source, the dual-bandpass optical filter, the bandpass optical filter and the power amplifier of the transmitting link and the low-noise amplifier, the optical filter, the intermediate-frequency filter amplifier and the analog-to-digital converter in the receiving link through signal transmission lines to control parameters and working states.
Further, an input interface of the transmitting antenna is connected with the power amplifier of the transmitting link and used for transmitting radar signals, and an output interface of the receiving antenna is connected with the low-noise amplifier of the receiving link and used for receiving radar signals.
Further, the microwave signal source is any one of a direct digital frequency synthesizer or a photo-generated microwave source, a photoelectric oscillator or a photoelectric mixed microwave source.
Further, the laser is a distributed feedback laser.
Further, the dual bandpass optical filter, the bandpass optical filter and the optical filter are implemented by 3 discrete fiber grating filters, or implemented by one multiple-input multiple-output programmable optical filter, or implemented by a combination of the above two.
Furthermore, the optical fiber connections of the optical devices in the system are all polarization maintaining optical fibers, and the optical devices are all polarization maintaining optical devices.
Further, the laser of the transmitting chain is controlled by the data processing and control module to emit continuous light as optical signal, the first phase modulator modulates the optical signal emitted by the laser, the modulated optical signal enters the dual-band-pass optical filter to extract the required optical signal, the extracted optical signal enters the second phase modulator to be modulated for the second time, modulation signals of the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are provided by the microwave signal source controlled by the data processing and control module, optical signals after secondary modulation enter the band-pass optical filter to extract required optical signals, the optical signals after extraction enter the 1 x 2 coupler to be divided into two paths, the first path enters the first photoelectric detector to be converted into electric signals, and the converted electric signals enter the transmitting antenna to be transmitted by radar signals after being amplified by the power amplifier;
the receiving antenna receives radar signals, the received radar signals enter the low-noise amplifier for amplification, the amplified radar signals can be delayed by the adjustable light delay line, the delayed radar signals enter the third phase modulator for modulation, modulation signals of the third phase modulator are provided by the second path of the 1 x 2 coupler, the modulated radar signals enter the optical filter for extraction, the extracted radar signals are output to the second photoelectric detector for conversion, the converted signals are output to the intermediate frequency filter amplifier for amplification, the amplified signals are output to the analog-to-digital converter for conversion, the converted signals are output to the data processing and control module, and the data processing and control module processes the signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention constructs a set of microwave photon radar system which can independently tune central carrier frequency and bandwidth and can meet high-precision detection based on microwave photon technology, adopts a phase modulator, the phase modulator and the phase modulator to carry out different modulation on signals of a transmitting link and a receiving link, realizes the generation of radar waveform of the transmitting link and the receiving processing of echo signals of the receiving link, adopts a filtering mode of multi-stage phase modulator and optical combination to realize radar signals of which the carrier frequency and the bandwidth can be tuned, does not need state control by the phase modulator, can stabilize the system working state of the microwave photon radar implementation method, has simple structure, can be integrally designed by a system of independent devices, realizes a low-cost microwave photon radar system chip, and can stably run the system.
The invention provides a method for realizing a microwave photon radar system based on discrete devices, which describes the integrated and micro-assembled forms of the microwave photon radar system, and the integrated chip and the micro-assembled micro system are beneficial to reducing the size, the weight and the power consumption.
Drawings
In order that the advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, the invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave photonic radar implementation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum of a light signal emitted by a laser according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum of an optical signal selected by a dual bandpass optical filter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a spectrum of an optical signal selected by a bandpass optical filter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may be embodied in many different forms than those herein set forth and should be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the following description, a detailed structure will be presented for a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. It is apparent that the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, however, the invention is capable of other embodiments in addition to those detailed.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein in one or more embodiments to describe various information, these information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, a first can also be referred to as a second and, similarly, a second can also be referred to as a first without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of the present description. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at … …" or "when … …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
The invention provides a microwave photon radar implementation method, and relates to a microwave photon radar implementation system at the same time, which is described in detail in the following embodiments one by one.
Referring to fig. 1, the microwave photonic radar implementation method provided by the present invention includes a transmitting link, a transmitting antenna, a receiving link, a receiving antenna, and a data processing and control module.
The transmitting link comprises a laser, a first phase modulator, a double-bandpass optical filter, a second phase modulator, a bandpass optical filter, a 1 x 2 coupler, a first photoelectric detector and a power amplifier. Specifically, in the connection of the transmitting link, a laser is connected with a first phase modulator through the connection mode of an optical waveguide, the first phase modulator is connected with a dual-band-pass optical filter through the connection mode of the optical waveguide, a modulation signal of the first phase modulator is provided by a microwave signal source, the microwave signal source is connected with the first phase modulator through the connection mode of a radio frequency waveguide, the dual-band-pass optical filter is connected with a second phase modulator through the connection mode of the optical waveguide, the second phase modulator is connected with a band-pass optical filter through the connection mode of the optical waveguide, the second phase modulator is connected with the microwave signal source through the connection mode of the radio frequency waveguide, light modulated by the second phase modulator enters an optical sideband of the band-pass optical filter and is divided into two paths through a 1 x 2 optical coupler, and the first path is connected with a first photoelectric detector through the connection mode of the optical waveguide, the second path is connected with the input end of the adjustable light delay line of the receiving link in a connection mode of the optical waveguide, and the first photoelectric detector is connected with the power amplifier in a connection mode of the optical waveguide.
In the embodiment of the invention, a single-frequency laser is adopted as a light source of the whole radar implementation method for a transmitting link, a continuous light signal output by the laser enters a first phase modulator and is modulated by the first phase modulator, wherein a modulation signal of the first phase modulator is provided by a microwave signal source, the modulation signal provided by the microwave signal source to the first phase modulator is a low-frequency narrow-band signal, the modulated light signal passes through a double-bandpass light filter which filters out a light sideband pair at a required stage, the light sideband pair enters a second phase modulator for modulation, a modulation signal of the second phase modulator is provided by the microwave signal source, the signal provided by the microwave signal source to the second phase modulator is another single-frequency signal, the modulated light signal passes through the bandpass light filter to filter out a second light sideband pair, the second light sideband pair is divided into two paths by a 1 x 2 coupler, the first path enters a first photoelectric detector, the second path enters an adjustable optical delay line of a receiving link, the optical sideband pair of the first path is converted into a required radar transmitting signal by the first photoelectric detector by using a beat frequency principle and is sent to a power amplifier, therefore, the realization process can see that the carrier frequency of the generated signal is related to the center frequency of a radio signal used by a first phase modulator and a second phase modulator, and finally, the frequency multiplication of the signal bandwidth is realized by the control of filter parameters.
The transmitting antenna is connected with the power amplifier in a radio frequency waveguide connection mode, and the radar transmitting signal amplified by the power amplifier is transmitted out through the transmitting antenna.
The output interface of the receiving antenna is connected with the input interface of the low-noise amplifier in a radio frequency waveguide connection mode, and the radar signals received by the receiving antenna enter the low-noise amplifier.
The receiving link comprises a low-noise amplifier, an adjustable light delay line, a third phase modulator, an optical filter, a second photoelectric detector, an intermediate frequency filter amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter; specifically, in the connection relationship of the receiving link, the output interface of the low-noise amplifier is connected with the input interface of the third phase modulator by the connection mode of the optical waveguide, the input interface of the adjustable optical delay line is connected with the output interface of the second path of the 1 × 2 coupler, and the output port of the adjustable optical delay line is connected with the input port of the third phase modulator; the output interface of the third phase modulator is connected with the input interface of the optical filter, the output interface of the optical filter is connected with the input interface of the second photoelectric detector, the output interface of the second photoelectric detector is connected with the input interface of the intermediate frequency filter amplifier through the connection mode of the radio frequency waveguide, and the output interface of the intermediate frequency filter amplifier is connected with the input interface of the analog-to-digital converter through the connection mode of the radio frequency waveguide.
In the embodiment of the invention, in a receiving link, a target echo signal is received by a receiving antenna, the target echo signal enters a low-noise amplifier, the signal amplified by the low-noise amplifier enters a third phase modulator, the modulation signal of the third phase modulator is an optical local oscillation signal through a second path optical sideband of a 1 × 2 coupler of a transmitting link, the third phase modulator modulates the echo signal amplified by the low-noise amplifier, before the third phase modulator modulates the signal, an adjustable optical delay line can correspondingly delay the optical local oscillation signal, the signal modulated by the third phase modulator enters an optical filter for filtering, the phase modulation and the intensity modulation conversion are completed, the optical signal output by the optical filter is input into a second photoelectric detector through the input end of the second photoelectric detector, and the second photoelectric detector performs beat frequency so as to realize the optical frequency mixing process, and converting the intermediate frequency electric signal into an intermediate frequency electric signal containing target position and speed information, and enabling the intermediate frequency electric signal to enter an intermediate frequency filter amplifier, and after amplification, entering an analog-to-digital converter.
The data processing and control module is connected with the laser of the transmitting link, and the analog-to-digital converter in the receiving link is connected with and transmitted with the data processing and control module through the output interface after being sampled and quantized by the electric ADC; the data processing and control module is connected with a microwave signal source, a double-band-pass optical filter, a power amplifier of the transmitting link and a low-noise amplifier, an optical filter, an intermediate frequency filter amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter in the receiving link through a signal transmission line to control parameters and working states.
In the embodiment of the invention, a data processing and control module mainly controls the time sequence and communication of the whole radar system through software and extracts target information in an echo signal, and the specific method comprises the following steps: when the radar system is started, firstly, the laser works to emit required wavelength and power, the central frequency and bandwidth of a low-frequency narrow-band signal required by the output of a microwave signal source, the frequency of a single-frequency signal and the response frequency spectrum of an optical filter are set according to the central frequency and the bandwidth to be realized, and then the optical delay length is selected according to the approximate position of a target; and according to the selection of the transmitting link, performing data processing on the echo data after frequency mixing and sampling, and extracting target information.
Specifically, the microwave signal source is a direct digital frequency synthesizer, an optical microwave source (a photo oscillator, etc.), or an opto-electric hybrid microwave source. Of course, the present embodiment does not limit the specific type of the microwave signal source, and all the microwave signal sources are subject to practical application; the laser of the transmitting link is a distributed feedback laser, and the type of the laser is not limited; in the optical filters of the transmitting link and the receiving link, the dual-bandpass optical filter, the bandpass optical filter and the optical filter can be realized by 3 discrete fiber grating filters, can also be realized by one multi-input multi-output programmable optical filter, and can also be combined by the two filters; especially, in order to ensure the effective work of the system, an optical amplifier can be added at each node of the optical path to amplify the optical signal, and especially, the optical amplifier can be added after the double-band-pass optical filter, the band-pass optical filter and the optical filter to amplify the optical signal. The invention is not limited to the essential components, but is only for better working effect, and whether the components are added or not depends on the practical application. In the embodiment of the invention, optical fibers used for connecting optical devices in the system are all polarization maintaining optical fibers, and the optical devices are all polarization maintaining optical devices; moreover, in order to adapt to different detection targets, the tunable optical delay line can be a tunable optical delay line formed by an optical fiber and a switch, and can also be an integrated optical delay line. The invention does not limit the structure of the adjustable light delay line, and all the practical application is taken as the standard.
For the public understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail in theory.
Referring to fig. 2, the continuous optical signal output by the laser is:
wherein E c 、ω c Respectively, the amplitude and angular frequency of the continuous optical signal.
The low-frequency narrow-band signal output by the microwave signal source can be expressed as:
V L (t)＝V L sin(ω 0 t+πkt 2 )
wherein V L 、ω 0 And k is the amplitude, carrier frequency and chirp rate of the low-frequency narrowband signal respectively. It is applied to a first phase modulator, and the optical signal output by the first phase modulator can be represented as:
wherein m is L ＝πV L /V π1 Is the modulation index, V, of the first phase modulator π1 Is the half-wave voltage of the first phase modulator, J n (. cndot.) is a first class of nth order Bessel functions.
Referring to fig. 3, the dual bandpass optical filter is used to select ± n-th order chirped optical sidebands, and the selected optical signal can be expressed as:
feeding the optical signal to a second phase modulator at another amplitude V generated by a microwave signal source S Angular frequency of omega 1 Single frequency radio frequency signal V S (t)＝V S sin(ω 1 t) modulation, the output optical signal of the second phase modulator can be represented as:
wherein m is S ＝πV S /V π2 Is the modulation index, V, of the second phase modulator π2 Is the half wave voltage of the second phase modulator.
Referring to fig. 4, another bandpass optical filter is used to select the +1 st order single-frequency optical sideband of the-n order chirped optical sideband and the-1 st order single-frequency optical sideband of the + n order chirped optical sideband as the output optical signal,
the optical signal is sent to a responsivity of
The first photodetector of (2) generates radar signals after beat frequency:
The echo signal backscattered by the target is assumed to be:
V e (t)＝V e cos[2(nω 0 -ω 1 )(t-τ e )+2nπk(t-τ e ) 2 ]
wherein V e For target echo amplitude, τ e The target echo is delayed. The local oscillator optical signals (the +1 order single-frequency optical sideband of the-n order chirped optical sideband and the-1 order single-frequency optical sideband of the + n order chirped optical sideband coupled by the transmitter) input by the third phase modulator are as follows:
wherein τ is o The delay of the optical local oscillation signal can be adjusted by the optical delay line. Let t 1 ＝t-τ e ，
t 2 ＝t-τ o The optical signal output by the third phase modulator is:
wherein m is e ＝πV e /V π3 Is the modulation index, V, of the third phase modulator π3 Is the half wave voltage of the third phase modulator. Selecting-1 order single-frequency optical sideband of + n order chirped optical sideband and +1 order echo chirped optical sideband of +1 order single-frequency optical sideband of-n order chirped optical sideband from the optical signal by using an optical filter, and vice versa, and outputting the optical signal as follows:
inputting the data into a second photoelectric detector for beat frequency, and extracting low-frequency components through IF as follows:
will t 1 、t 2 Substituting the expression, the above formula can be simplified as follows:
at this time, the high frequency broadband signal becomes 2nk (τ) in frequency e -τ o ) By adjusting the delay τ o The signal frequency can be made lower, which is convenient for the subsequent digital signal processing.
The multi-order chirped optical sidebands output by the first phase modulator cannot be overlapped with each other in frequency spectrum, and taking the selection of the n-order chirped optical sidebands as an example, the constraint relationship should be as follows:
therefore, to prevent spectral aliasing, the relationship between the center frequency and the bandwidth of the low-frequency narrowband signal should be
The optical sidebands output by the bandpass optical filter cannot be aliased:
the above equation is a relationship between the frequency of a single-frequency signal and the center frequency of a low-frequency narrowband signal.
The foregoing is a schematic scheme of a microwave photonic radar implementation method according to this embodiment. It should be noted that the technical solution of the radar implementation method system and the technical solution of the radar implementation method described above belong to the same concept.
Specifically, the microwave photon radar implementation system comprises a microwave photon radar implementation method, wherein the microwave photon radar implementation system is obtained by integrating or micro-assembling devices of a transmitting link and a receiving link. The integration is that the devices except the transmitting and receiving antennas and the data processing and control module are integrated by a single chip or multi-chip heterogeneous integration by using a heterogeneous integration technology, and the integrated chip is connected with the transmitting antenna, the receiving antenna and the data processing and control module through matching interfaces; the micro-assembly is to use micro-assembly technology to micro-assemble discrete devices, so as to make the system smaller in volume. The invention does not limit which processing method is adopted to realize the system, and all that is required is specific application.
The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims can be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
The embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended merely to aid in the explanation of the invention. The embodiments of the invention are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A microwave photonic radar implementation system, comprising:
the radar transmitting device comprises a transmitting link, a transmitting antenna, a receiving link, a receiving antenna and a data processing and control module, wherein one end of the transmitting link is connected with the data processing and control module, the other end of the transmitting link is connected with the transmitting antenna and is used for providing a required radar transmitting signal, an optical signal source of the transmitting link is provided by a laser, a continuous optical signal output by the laser is,
wherein E c 、ω c Amplitude and angular frequency of the continuous optical signal respectively;
the transmission chain comprises: the input interface of the laser is connected with the data processing and control module, the output interface of the laser is connected with the input interface of the first phase modulator, the output interface of the first phase modulator is connected with the input interface of the double-band-pass optical filter, the output interface of the double-band-pass optical filter is connected with the input interface of the second phase modulator, the output interface of the second phase modulator is connected with the input interface of the band-pass optical filter, the output interface of the band-pass optical filter is connected with the input interface of the 1 x 2 coupler, the output interfaces of the 1 multiplied by 2 coupler are divided into two, the first output interface of the 1 multiplied by 2 coupler is connected with the input interface of the first photoelectric detector, the second output interface of the 1 × 2 coupler is connected with the input interface of the adjustable optical delay line of the receiving link, and the output interface of the first photoelectric detector is connected with the input interface of the power amplifier;
the transmitting antenna is connected with the transmitting link and used for transmitting radar signals;
one end of the receiving link is connected with the data processing and control module, and the other end of the receiving link is connected with the receiving antenna and used for extracting target information from the received radar signals;
the receiving antenna is connected with the receiving chain and used for receiving radar signals;
the data processing and control module is connected with the transmitting link, the receiving link and the microwave signal source, and is used for controlling the radar to realize the time sequence and communication of the system and the extraction of target signals in echo signals, and simultaneously controlling the microwave signal source to send phase modulation signals to the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator, wherein low-frequency narrow-band signals output by the microwave signal source are represented as,
V L (t)＝V L sin(ω 0 t+πkt 2 )
wherein V L 、ω 0 And k are respectively the amplitude, carrier frequency and chirp rate of the low-frequency narrowband signal; applied to the first phase modulator, the optical signal output by the first phase modulator is represented as:
wherein m is L ＝πV L /V π1 Is the modulation index, V, of the first phase modulator π1 Is the half-wave voltage of the first phase modulator, J n (. cndot.) is a first class of nth order Bessel function;
in the system, the carrier frequency and the bandwidth can be tuned independently by utilizing a multi-stage phase modulation and light combined filtering mode.
2. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 1, wherein the receive chain comprises: an output interface of the low-noise amplifier is connected with an input interface of a third phase modulator, an output interface of the third phase modulator is connected with an input interface of an optical filter, an output interface of the optical filter is connected with an input interface of a second photoelectric detector, an output interface of the second photoelectric detector is connected with an input interface of an intermediate frequency filter amplifier, an output interface of the intermediate frequency filter amplifier is connected with an input interface of an analog-to-digital converter, an output interface of the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the data processing and control module, and an output interface of the adjustable light delay line is connected with the third phase modulator.
3. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 2, wherein the data processing and control module is connected to the laser of the transmit chain, the data processing and control module is connected to the analog-to-digital converter of the receive chain, and the data processing and control module is connected to the transmit chain, the dual bandpass optical filter, the power amplifier, and the low noise amplifier, the optical filter, the intermediate frequency filter amplifier, and the analog-to-digital converter in the receive chain through signal transmission lines for parameter and operating state control.
4. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 2, wherein an input interface of the transmitting antenna is connected to the power amplifier of the transmitting link for transmitting radar signals, and an output interface of the receiving antenna is connected to the low noise amplifier of the receiving link for receiving radar signals.
5. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 1, wherein the microwave signal source is any one of a direct digital frequency synthesizer or a photo-generated microwave source, a photo-electric oscillator or a photo-electric hybrid microwave source.
6. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 2, wherein the laser is a distributed feedback laser.
7. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 2, wherein the dual bandpass optical filter, bandpass optical filter and optical filter are implemented by 3 discrete fiber grating filters, or by one multiple-in multiple-out programmable optical filter, or by a combination of the two.
8. The microwave photonic radar implementation system of claim 2, wherein the optical fiber connections of the optical devices in the system are all polarization maintaining optical fibers, and the optical devices are all polarization maintaining optical devices.
9. A microwave photon radar implementation method, which adopts the implementation system of any one of claims 1 to 8, and comprises,
the laser of the transmission link is controlled by the data processing and control module to transmit continuous light as an optical signal, the first phase modulator modulates the optical signal emitted by the laser, the modulated optical signal enters the dual-band-pass optical filter to extract the required optical signal, the extracted optical signal enters the second phase modulator to be modulated for the second time, the modulation signals of the first phase modulator and the second phase modulator are directly provided by the microwave signal source controlled by the data processing and control module according to the central frequency and the broadband to be realized, the optical signals after secondary modulation enter the band-pass optical filter to extract the required optical signals, the optical signals after extraction enter the 1 x 2 coupler to be divided into two paths, the first path enters the first photoelectric detector to be converted into electric signals, and the electric signals after conversion enter the transmitting antenna to be subjected to radar signal transmission after being amplified by the power amplifier;
the receiving antenna receives radar signals, the received radar signals enter a low-noise amplifier for amplification, the amplified radar signals can be delayed by the adjustable light delay line, the delayed radar signals enter a third phase modulator for modulation, modulation signals of the third phase modulator are provided by a second path of the 1 x 2 coupler, the modulated radar signals enter the optical filter for extraction, the extracted radar signals are output to a second photoelectric detector for conversion, the converted signals are output to an intermediate frequency filter amplifier for amplification, the amplified signals are output to an analog-to-digital converter for conversion, the converted signals are output to the data processing and control module, and the data processing and control module processes the signals.
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| CN111901041B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-04-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十四研究所 | Large dynamic signal demodulation model device based on phase modulation |
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| CN112782671B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-12-06 | 上海交通大学 | Broadband microwave photon radar real-time receiving device based on cross correlation |
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| CN115208475B (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2023-09-08 | 中国人民解放军空军预警学院 | Up-down frequency conversion integrated broadband radio frequency front-end system and radio frequency signal receiving and transmitting method |
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