CN112781977A - Counter force type laminated shearing model box - Google Patents
Counter force type laminated shearing model box Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781977A CN112781977A CN202110110800.9A CN202110110800A CN112781977A CN 112781977 A CN112781977 A CN 112781977A CN 202110110800 A CN202110110800 A CN 202110110800A CN 112781977 A CN112781977 A CN 112781977A
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- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006757 chemical reactions by type Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reaction type laminated shearing model box which mainly comprises a lifting ring, a rigid base, a static table, a laminated ring, a vertical rod, a reciprocating actuator, a reaction wall and the like. The rigid base is characterized in that upright rods and hanging rings made of the same material are symmetrically arranged along the long edge direction of the rigid base, a 1 st layer to an nth layer of hard aluminum alloy shearing frames with the same thickness are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the rigid base from bottom to top, and except the 1 st layer which is a fixed layer, the rest n-1 layers are movable layers capable of freely and transversely displacing. The left end part of the static force table is provided with a reaction wall, a series of reciprocating actuators with the same height as the center of each movable layer are respectively arranged on the reaction wall, and the other ends of the reciprocating actuators are hinged with the hard aluminum alloy shearing frames with the corresponding heights. A rubber film is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box to adapt to the inner size of the shearing box and prevent soil and water in the box from leaking during a test. The invention simulates the displacement and the inertia force of the foundation under the action of the earthquake by the pseudo-static method, and has the advantages of accurate simulation effect, simple and convenient test operation, economic test cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of civil engineering, in particular to a reaction type laminated shearing model box.
Background
At present, because the geotechnical seismic engineering field lacks enough seismic field actual measurement data, reliable seismic response data are generally obtained by developing an indoor model test. The shaking table test is the most important type of indoor model test, but because the shaking table is very expensive in manufacturing cost and the test procedure is more complicated, the ever-increasing earthquake model test requirements are difficult to meet. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new indoor earthquake model testing device with simple operation and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the economic consumption and huge technical cost for developing the vibration table earthquake model test, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the reaction type laminated shear model box which can replace the vibration table earthquake model test and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation, controllable maximum transverse displacement and the like.
In order to solve the problems, the counter-force type laminated shearing model box provided by the invention comprises a model box main body, and is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that: the bottom of the model box main body is provided with a rigid base and a static platform;
the rigid base is fixed with the table top of the static table by a plurality of bolts; a plurality of upright posts and lifting rings made of the same material are arranged on the rigid base, and the lifting rings are connected with the end parts of the upright posts through threads; the upright posts are symmetrically arranged around two sides of the model box main body to form a hoisting system, so that the model box main body can be conveniently installed and moved;
the upper surface of the rigid base is formed by sequentially laminating 1 st to nth hard aluminum alloy shearing frames with the same thickness from bottom to top; except that the 1 st layer of shear frames are fixed on the rigid base, the rest n-1 layers of shear frames are all movable layers capable of generating transverse displacement; wherein n is greater than 3, and n is a natural number;
the two layers of shear frames adjacent to each other up and down comprise an upper frame and a lower frame; a plurality of independent rolling systems which are positioned on the same horizontal plane are arranged between the upper frame and the lower frame along the long edge of the shearing frame; the rolling system comprises a lower surface groove, an upper surface groove, a ball and a bearing;
the lower surface grooves and the upper surface grooves are respectively arranged along the lower surface and the upper surface in the long edge direction between the upper frame and the lower frame of the two adjacent layers of the shearing frames; the length difference of the grooves exists between the upper layer of shearing frame and the lower layer of shearing frame, and the groove on the lower surface of the upper frame is longer than the groove on the upper surface of the lower frame, so that the adjacent shearing frames can generate free transverse displacement under the premise of limited protection;
a reaction wall is arranged at the left end part of the static force table, and a plurality of reciprocating actuators which correspond to the 1 st to nth layers of shearing frame frames in the same height are sequentially arranged along the height direction; the end part of the reciprocating actuator is hinged with the shearing frame with the corresponding height through the connector, so that the shearing frame is prevented from laterally deviating under the action of the reciprocating actuator, and the shearing frame is enabled to reciprocate only in the horizontal length direction; the reciprocating actuator is controlled and output in a reciprocating mode according to force or displacement, so that free field deformation or foundation inertia force caused by earthquake load can be simulated, and the reciprocating actuator can be applied to earthquake model tests;
except the shearing frame at the top of the model box main body, the grooves on the upper surfaces of the other shearing frames along the long edge direction are all provided with bearings and a plurality of balls of a rolling system; the bearing device is arranged in the groove on the upper surface; the plurality of balls are fixed in the bearing so as to realize that the relative positions of the plurality of balls are not deviated; and the length of the bearing is smaller than that of the groove on the upper surface, so that rolling friction is ensured between the contact surfaces of the ball and the bearing.
Preferably, when n is 10, the upper surface of the rigid base is formed by sequentially overlapping 1 st to 10 th hard aluminum alloy shear frames with the same thickness from bottom to top; except that the 1 st layer of shear frames are fixed on the rigid base, the other 9 layers of shear frames are all movable layers capable of generating transverse displacement.
Furthermore, a rubber film is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box of the shearing frame surrounding structure so as to adapt to the inner size of the shearing box and prevent soil and water in the shearing box from leaking during a test.
Furthermore, the rubber film is an impermeable flexible rubber film; the size of the rubber membrane is completely attached to the size of the inner space of the shearing model box, and the periphery of the upper part of the rubber membrane is fixed on the top surface of the topmost shearing frame of the shearing model box.
The reaction type laminated shearing model box can replace a reaction type laminated shearing model box test device for a vibration table earthquake model test, a reaction wall is arranged at the left end part of a static table, reciprocating actuators corresponding to the height of each movable layer frame are respectively arranged on the reaction wall, and the end parts of the reciprocating actuators are connected with each movable layer hard aluminum alloy frame through connectors. Because the reciprocating actuator can control output in a reciprocating way according to force or displacement, the free field deformation of the foundation soil and the earthquake inertia force can be simulated in the earthquake process. A hoisting system and a guide system are arranged on a rigid base, and rectangular hard aluminum alloy shearing frames with the same thickness from the 1 st layer to the 10 th layer are sequentially overlapped on the upper surface of the rigid base from bottom to top to form a model box. A plurality of grooves are formed between the upper layer of frame and the lower layer of frame and are arranged along the long edge, the grooves in the upper surface of the lower frame are used for placing bearings, a plurality of rigid balls are contained between each bearing, the length of the grooves in the lower surface of the upper frame is slightly longer than that of the grooves in the upper surface of the lower frame, and the grooves are tangent to the upper portions of the balls. The rubber membrane with matched size is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box, and the upper part of the rubber membrane is fixed at the top of the model box. The hoisting system and the guide system are composed of a rigid base, and a vertical rod and a hanging ring which are symmetrically arranged along the length direction of the rigid base and are made of the same material, wherein the hanging ring is connected with the end part of the vertical rod through threads.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the reaction type laminated shear model box simulates the earthquake load effect by assembling simple equipment such as a static platform, a reaction wall, a reciprocating actuator and the like under the pseudo-static condition, and can realize the development of low-cost indoor earthquake model test research under the condition of no vibration table equipment.
And a plurality of reciprocating actuators with the same height as the center of each movable layer hard aluminum alloy shearing frame are fixed on the counter-force wall, and the reciprocating actuators are hinged with the movable layer hard aluminum alloy shearing frames through connecting devices. The reciprocating actuator is output according to force or displacement reciprocating control, so that free field deformation or foundation inertia force caused by seismic load can be simulated, and the device can be better applied to seismic model tests. The actuator can be hinged with the shearing frame through the connector, so that the hard aluminum alloy shearing frame of the movable layer can move to and fro only in the horizontal length direction. The rigid base is provided with the hoisting system and the guide system, so that the counter-force type laminated shearing model box can be conveniently installed on a static table board, the whole laminated shearing box is limited and protected, and safety accidents such as sliding of the rectangular shearing frame and the like in an earthquake simulation test can be effectively avoided.
The rectangular hard aluminum alloy shear frames with the same thickness from the 1 st layer to the 10 th layer are overlapped from the upper surface of the rigid base from bottom to top in sequence. A plurality of grooves are respectively carved on the upper surface and the lower surface of each two adjacent layers of shearing frames along the long edge direction, and the grooves on the lower surface of the upper frame in the upper and lower adjacent frames are slightly larger than the length of the grooves on the upper surface of the lower frame, so that the length difference of the grooves is formed, and the maximum transverse displacement of each layer of shearing frame can be controlled. Except the topmost frame, linear bearings are arranged in grooves on the upper surface of the rest frames along the long edge direction. The linear bearing is placed in the groove, and the length of the bearing is slightly smaller than that of the groove, so that rolling friction is guaranteed between the ball and the contact surface. The balls are fixed in the linear bearing, so that the relative position between the balls is not deviated.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention develops indoor earthquake model test research through devices such as a static platform, a counterforce wall, a reciprocating actuator and the like under the condition of pseudo-static force, can respectively simulate the deformation and the inertia force of foundation soil under the action of earthquake, and has the characteristics of accurate simulation effect, convenient operation, lower test cost and the like, and the device is specifically as follows:
1. under the pseudo-static method, the simple devices such as a static table, a reaction wall and a repetitive actuator are used for replacing the function of the vibration table in the earthquake simulation test, so that the problems of high manufacturing cost, high test control requirement and the like of the vibration table are solved.
2. The reciprocating actuator can control output according to force or displacement, and the combination of the laminated shear box can simulate the nonlinear deformation of the foundation soil and the earthquake inertia force applied to the foundation soil in the earthquake process.
3. The static table is provided with a reaction wall which can stabilize the static table so as not to deviate in the vibration process, and a plurality of groups of repeated actuators which are in one-to-one correspondence with the shearing frames of the movable layer can be erected in the height direction of the reaction wall.
4. The shearing frame made of the hard aluminum alloy material can minimize the influence of the mass of the model box on a model test, and the hard aluminum alloy frame has higher rigidity, so that the box body can not generate internal force deformation except shearing deformation in the soil deformation process.
5. The lifting system and the guide system formed by the rigid base, the upright stanchion and the lifting ring not only facilitate the installation of the reaction type laminated shearing model box on a static platform, but also play a role in limiting and protecting the whole laminated shearing model box during controlled displacement, and can effectively avoid safety accidents such as the lateral sliding of a rectangular shearing frame and the like in an earthquake model test.
6. The lifting rings are in threaded connection with the vertical rods, and the heights of the lifting rings and the vertical rods can be adjusted, so that the number of stacked layers can be increased conveniently in the future due to the requirement of tests.
7. The length difference exists between the grooves on the upper surface and the lower surface of each two layers of rectangular shearing frames, and the maximum transverse displacement of the rectangular hard aluminum alloy shearing frames can be effectively controlled.
8. The groove, the ball and the bearing form a rolling element system which ensures that each layer of frame structure can generate horizontal free displacement; the length of the groove is slightly larger than that of the bearing, so that rolling friction between the ball and the contact surface can be realized all the time, and better test effect and durability of the model box are guaranteed.
9. The rolling systems are dispersedly arranged, each rolling system comprises a plurality of balls and bears upper pressure together, the upper pressure born by each ball is greatly reduced, the surfaces of the balls are polished and subjected to oil immersion lubrication, and the service lives of the balls are greatly prolonged.
10. Compared with the prior art, the groove is rectangular, is not an arc-shaped groove used by other shearing model boxes, and has a length slightly larger than that of the bearing, so that a plurality of rolling systems are positioned on the same horizontal plane, a single-layer frame does not incline before and after vibration, and the safety of the experimental process and the reliability of results are guaranteed.
11. The rubber membrane is arranged on the inner side of the shearing box, so that the leakage of soil and water in the model box can be prevented, and the deformation characteristic of the model box is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention for a counter-force stacked shear mold box;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention for a counter-force stacked shear mold box;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the present invention for a counter-force stacked shear mold box;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the present invention for a counter-force stacked shear mold box;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 2;
fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view B of fig. 5.
In the figure: 1. rigid base, 2, shearing frame, 3, vertical rod, 4, rings, 5, rolling system, 6, bolt, 7, upper surface groove, 8, bearing, 9, ball, 10, lower surface groove, 11, counter-force wall, 12, static platform, 13, repetitive actuator, 14 and connector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the counter force type stacked shear model box has a rigid base 1 at the bottom, the rigid base 1 is fixed to a static table 12 by bolts 6, vertical rods 3 and lifting rings 4 made of the same material are symmetrically arranged on the model box along the long side direction, and the lifting rings 4 are connected with the end parts of the vertical rods 3 through threads. The upper surface of the rigid base 1 is formed by sequentially laminating 1 st layer to 10 th layer of hard aluminum alloy shearing frames 2 with the same thickness from bottom to top, and except that the 1 st layer is fixed on the rigid base 1, the rest 9 layers are movable layers capable of generating transverse displacement. The left end part of the static platform 12 is provided with a counterforce wall 11, the reciprocating actuators 13 corresponding to the frames of each movable layer are sequentially arranged along the height direction, the end parts of the reciprocating actuators 13 are connected with the hard aluminum alloy shearing frame 2 of the movable layer through connectors 14, and the hard aluminum alloy shearing frame 2 of the movable layer is prevented from lateral deviation under the action of the reciprocating actuators 13.
In this example, a plurality of independent rolling systems 5 on the same horizontal plane are arranged between two adjacent upper and lower frames along the long edge, and each rolling system 5 is formed by a groove 10 on the lower surface of the upper frame, a groove 7 on the upper surface of the lower frame, a bearing 8 and a ball 9.
In order to ensure that the adjacent cutting frames can freely and transversely displace under the premise of limited protection, the length difference exists between the grooves of the upper and lower adjacent cutting frames, namely the groove 10 on the lower surface of the upper frame is slightly longer than the groove 7 on the upper surface of the lower frame.
The concrete test steps and the cautions of the invention in the earthquake model test are as follows:
1. before the test, a rigid base 1, a fixed shearing frame and 2-10 layers of hard aluminum alloy shearing frames 2 of the movable layer are sequentially arranged.
2. A specially-made rubber film is arranged in the laminated shearing model box, and the size of the rubber film is ensured to be completely attached to the size of the internal space of the shearing model box and the periphery of the upper part of the rubber film is also completely fixed on the top surface of the uppermost shearing frame.
3. The test soil body is placed into a model box, and at the moment, the situation that soil and water do not overflow in the box is guaranteed.
4. A hoisting system consisting of a rigid base 1, a vertical rod 3 and a hoisting ring 4 is adopted to place the laminated shearing model box filled with soil on a static platform 12.
5. The rigid base 1 and the static table 12 are fixed by bolts 6, and any dislocation between the shearing frames of the layers is ensured.
6. The bottom of the connector 14 is secured to the removable hard aluminum alloy shear frame by a nut, which ensures that the connector 14 does not deflect.
7. The reciprocating actuators 13 corresponding to the movable layer frames 2 are sequentially installed along the height direction of the reaction wall 11, at the moment, each group of reciprocating actuators 13 and the corresponding movable layer frame 2 are ensured to be positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the connection between the reciprocating actuators 13 and the aluminum alloy frame is stable and smooth.
8. After checking and confirming that the installation quality and the related preparation work are ready, the reciprocating actuator 13 is started, the reaction type laminated shearing model box and soil and other structural units in the box are subjected to seismic deformation and bear equivalent seismic inertia force along with the actuator, and meanwhile, related test data are recorded to facilitate future analysis.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a model case is cuted to reaction formula stromatolite, includes model case main part, its characterized in that: the bottom of the model box main body is provided with a rigid base (1) and a static platform (12);
the rigid base (1) is fixed with the table top of the static table (12) by a plurality of bolts (6); a plurality of upright posts (3) and lifting rings (4) which are made of the same material are arranged on the rigid base (1), and the lifting rings (4) are connected with the end parts of the upright posts (3) through threads; the upright posts (3) are symmetrically arranged around two sides of the model box main body to form a hoisting system, so that the model box main body can be conveniently installed and moved;
the upper surface of the rigid base (1) is formed by sequentially overlapping 1 st to nth hard aluminum alloy shearing frames (2) with the same thickness from bottom to top; except that the 1 st layer of shear frame (2) is fixed on the rigid base (1), the rest n-1 layers of shear frames (2) are all movable layers capable of generating transverse displacement; wherein n is greater than 3, and n is a natural number;
the two layers of the shearing frames (2) which are adjacent up and down comprise an upper frame and a lower frame; a plurality of independent rolling systems (5) which are positioned on the same horizontal plane are arranged between the upper frame and the lower frame along the long edge of the shearing frame (2); the rolling system (5) comprises a lower surface groove (10), an upper surface groove (7), a ball (9) and a bearing (8);
the lower surface grooves (10) and the upper surface grooves (7) are respectively arranged along the lower surface and the upper surface in the long edge direction between the upper frame and the lower frame of the two layers of shearing frames (2) which are adjacent up and down; the length difference of the grooves exists between the two adjacent layers of the shearing frames (2), and the groove (10) on the lower surface of the upper frame is longer than the groove (7) on the upper surface of the lower frame, so that the adjacent shearing frames (2) can freely and transversely displace on the premise of limited protection;
a reaction wall (11) is arranged at the left end part of the static force table (12), and a plurality of reciprocating actuators (13) corresponding to the frame center heights of the 1 st layer to the nth layer of shearing frames (2) are sequentially arranged along the height direction; the end part of the reciprocating actuator (13) is hinged with the shearing frame (2) with the corresponding height through the connector (14) so as to ensure that the shearing frame (2) does not deviate laterally under the action of the reciprocating actuator (13), and therefore the shearing frame can only displace in a reciprocating manner in the horizontal length direction; the reciprocating actuator (13) is controlled and output in a reciprocating mode according to force or displacement, so that free field deformation or foundation inertia force caused by seismic load can be simulated, and the device can be applied to seismic model tests;
except the shearing frame (2) at the top of the model box main body, bearings (8) and a plurality of balls (9) of the rolling system (5) are arranged in grooves (7) on the upper surfaces of the other shearing frames (2) along the long edge direction; the bearing (8) is arranged in the groove (7) on the upper surface; a plurality of balls (9) are fixed in the bearing (8) so as to realize that the relative positions of the plurality of balls (9) are not deviated; and the length of the bearing (8) is smaller than that of the upper surface groove (7) so as to ensure that the contact surface between the ball (9) and the bearing (8) is rolling friction.
2. A counter-force stacked shear model box according to claim 1, wherein:
when n is 10, the upper surface of the rigid base (1) is formed by sequentially overlapping 1 st to 10 th hard aluminum alloy shearing frames (2) with the same thickness from bottom to top; except that the 1 st layer of shear frame is fixed on the rigid base (1), the other 9 layers of shear frames (2) are all movable layers capable of generating transverse displacement.
3. A counter-force stacked shear model box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: a rubber film is arranged on the inner side of a shearing box of the shearing frame (2) enclosure to adapt to the internal size of the shearing box and prevent soil and water in the shearing box from leaking during a test.
4. A counter-force stacked shear model box according to claim 3, wherein: the rubber film is an anti-seepage flexible rubber film; the size of the rubber membrane is completely attached to the size of the inner space of the shearing model box, and the periphery of the upper part of the rubber membrane is fixed on the top surface of the topmost shearing frame (2) of the shearing model box.
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| CN202110110800.9A CN112781977A (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | Counter force type laminated shearing model box |
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| CN202110110800.9A CN112781977A (en) | 2021-01-27 | 2021-01-27 | Counter force type laminated shearing model box |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113533044A (en) * | 2021-07-09 | 2021-10-22 | 燕山大学 | Lateral pressure measuring device under action of movable excitation load |
| CN114755117A (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-07-15 | 西南交通大学 | Multidirectional dynamic shear test system and method for soil-rock mixture based on vibration table |
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