CN112779998A - Full-band super-structure sound absorber - Google Patents
Full-band super-structure sound absorber Download PDFInfo
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- CN112779998A CN112779998A CN202011631352.9A CN202011631352A CN112779998A CN 112779998 A CN112779998 A CN 112779998A CN 202011631352 A CN202011631352 A CN 202011631352A CN 112779998 A CN112779998 A CN 112779998A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006098 acoustic absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/8433—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with holes in their face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/8452—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with peripheral frame members
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a full-band super-structure sound absorber, which comprises a frame body and a sound absorber fixedly arranged in the frame body and used for absorbing noise; the sound absorber is sequentially provided with a front panel, a high-frequency sound absorber, a medium-frequency resonant cavity, an impedance matching layer and a low-frequency sound absorber along the sound source transmission direction; the thickness of the sound absorber in the sound source transmission direction is 150-400 mm. The high-frequency sound absorber is formed by arranging a plurality of micro-perforated plates in series, and a back cavity for sound absorption is arranged between every two adjacent micro-perforated plates; the front panel is a metal perforated plate and plays a role in protecting the high-frequency sound absorber; the medium frequency resonant cavity is a regular quadrangular prism; the impedance matching layer is of an aerogel or film resonance structure; the low-frequency sound absorber is a flat sound absorbing structure of a resonance cavity array. The invention does not contain porous sound absorption materials, has good environmental resistance, long service life, compact structure, thin thickness and good sound absorption performance in full frequency band, and can be used for a mute chamber, a semi-anechoic chamber and a full anechoic chamber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a building sound absorption material, in particular to a full-band super-structure sound absorber.
Background
With the development of science and technology, especially the rise and popularization of material science, people put higher requirements on sound absorbing materials: the sound absorption material develops towards the direction of high performance, full frequency band and light weight. The traditional sound absorption materials cannot meet the requirements of specific scenes (such as a semi-anechoic chamber, a full-anechoic chamber and a silent chamber) on sound absorption performance. In view of this, the development of a full-frequency-band super-structure sound absorber is of great significance for improving the sound absorption performance of materials and improving experimental environmental conditions.
At present, the sound absorption material for a specific scene in China is generally in the form of one or more combinations of sound absorption wedges and sound absorption flat plates. The sound absorption performance of the acoustic wedge increases with increasing wedge length, and the sound absorption frequency decreases with increasing wedge length. For the environment with higher requirements on low-frequency sound absorption, the wedge length is overlarge, so that on one hand, the occupied space is larger, and on the other hand, the installation is difficult. The sound absorption flat plate has a compact structure, but has poor low-frequency sound absorption performance, narrow sound absorption bandwidth and narrow application range. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN105575379B discloses an anechoic chamber and an anechoic device used for the same, which includes an anechoic body including a sound absorbing flat plate and a sound absorbing wedge connected in a sound propagation direction. This technical scheme has combined the sound absorption characteristic of sound-absorbing wedge and sound absorption flat board, and sound-absorbing performance is better, nevertheless to low frequency sound absorption, its whole thickness is thicker, and occupation space is great, and traditional porous material (sound-absorbing wedge)'s environmental resistance is relatively poor, life is shorter simultaneously. Chinese patent application publication No. CN109487714A discloses a full-band sound absorption and noise reduction board and a manufacturing method thereof, including a surface layer for reducing noise at low and medium frequencies, a filling layer for reducing noise at medium and high frequencies, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer. According to the technical scheme, the full-band noise reduction purpose is achieved through low-frequency sound insulation and medium-high frequency sound absorption of the multilayer composite material, but the structure density of a low-frequency noise reduction surface layer is high, and the low-frequency sound absorption performance is general.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a super-structure sound absorber which has a compact structure and a thin overall thickness and can be used for full-frequency-band sound absorption.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a full-band super-structure sound absorber which comprises a frame body and a sound absorber fixedly arranged in the frame body and used for absorbing noise; the sound absorber is sequentially provided with a high-frequency sound absorber, a medium-frequency resonant cavity, an impedance matching layer and a low-frequency sound absorber along the sound source propagation direction; the thickness of the sound absorber in the sound source transmission direction is 150-400 mm.
Furthermore, in order to realize the absorption of high-frequency noise, a high-frequency sound absorber is arranged at one end, close to a sound source, of the sound absorber, the high-frequency sound absorber is formed by arranging a plurality of micro perforated plates in series, and a back cavity for sound absorption is arranged between every two adjacent micro perforated plates. The number of the micro-perforated plates is 2-4, through holes are formed in the surfaces of the micro-perforated plates, the cross sections of the through holes are circular or quadrilateral, the size of each through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm, and the perforation rate of the micro-perforated plates is 0.5% -20%; the thickness of the back cavity is 5-80 mm. When sound waves enter the micro-perforated plate along the propagation direction, when the sound waves vertically enter the micro-perforated plate along the propagation direction, due to vertical resonance of air in the hole of the micro-perforated plate and air in the cavity at the back, friction between the sound waves and the hole wall of the micro-perforated plate in the propagation process and a thermal adhesion effect of the sound waves when the sound waves are propagated at the variable cross section, the sound energy is converted into heat energy, sound absorption is realized, and the frequency band of the noise which can be absorbed by the high-frequency sound absorber is 1500-8000 Hz.
Furthermore, in order to protect the high-frequency sound absorber from being polluted by the external environment, a front panel is arranged in front of the high-frequency sound absorber, one side of the front panel faces to a sound source, and the other side of the front panel faces to the high-frequency sound absorber; the front panel is a metal perforated plate, a plurality of round through holes with the aperture of 3.0-10.0 mm are uniformly distributed in the front panel, and the perforation rate of the front panel is 40% -55%.
Furthermore, in order to realize the absorption of the intermediate frequency noise, an intermediate frequency resonant cavity is arranged behind the high-frequency sound absorber, the intermediate frequency resonant cavity is a regular quadrangular prism, the cross section of the intermediate frequency resonant cavity is in a regular trapezoid shape, the taper is 15-45 degrees, and the thickness is 5-50 mm; in the sound wave transmission process, due to the coupling effect of the high-frequency sound absorber and the medium-frequency resonant cavity, the equivalent depth of the sound absorption back cavity of the high-frequency sound absorber is increased, so that the sound absorption frequency bandwidth of the high-frequency sound absorber is widened, medium-frequency sound absorption is realized, and the frequency band of the coupling structure of the high-frequency sound absorber and the medium-frequency resonant cavity, which can absorb noise, is 400-1500 Hz.
Furthermore, in order to realize the absorption of low-frequency noise, an impedance matching layer and a low-frequency sound absorber are sequentially arranged behind the intermediate-frequency resonant cavity, the impedance matching layer is one or a combination of more of aerogel or film resonant structures, the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 2-10 mm, and the impedance matching layer can be used for matching the wavelength and the phase of incident sound waves with the acoustic impedance of the surface of the low-frequency sound absorber; the low-frequency sound absorber is a sound absorbing structure coupled by multistage resonant cavities and comprises a structural body and resonant cavities embedded in the structural body, the resonant cavities are distributed in the structural body in the form of square lattices, rectangular lattices, triangular lattices or hexagonal lattices, the resonant cavities are one or a combination of HR type, FP type or MIE type resonant cavities, and the resonant cavities are cylinders, cubes or cuboids; the number of resonance cavities is 24-150, and the depth is 30-200 mm. The preferred low-frequency sound absorber is an HR type sound absorbing structure with 96 cavities arranged in parallel, and comprises a structural body and 96 HR type resonance cavities embedded in the structural body and arranged in a tetragonal lattice manner, when sound waves vertically enter, due to the action of an impedance matching layer, the incident wavelength and the phase are matched with the surface acoustic impedance of the HR type resonance cavities, vertical resonance is generated, the sound waves oscillate in the resonance cavities, the friction resistance is overcome, the sound energy is consumed, and the purpose of sound absorption is realized; generally, a single HR-type resonant cavity corresponds to a resonant frequency and absorbs sound waves at the resonant frequency, but due to the proximity coupling effect among the resonant cavities, a plurality of coupled resonant frequencies are generated, so that the sound absorption frequency range is widened, the sound absorption performance of the whole structure is improved, and the frequency band of the low-frequency sound absorber capable of absorbing noise is 50-400 Hz.
The working principle is as follows: when sound is vertically incident to the front panel of the sound absorber, the reflection of the sound is reduced due to the matching effect of the panel on the frequency of the sound, and more than 95% of the sound can be transmitted without damage. Sound propagates along the high frequency sound absorber, and high frequency noise is absorbed due to vertical resonance of the micro-perforated plate, wall friction, thermal adhesion effect of the micro-holes, and coupling effect between the perforated plates. Under the coupling resonance action of the high-frequency sound absorber and the medium-frequency resonant cavity, the sound absorption frequency band of the high-frequency sound absorber is widened, and medium-frequency noise is absorbed. When sound vertically enters the impedance matching layer through the intermediate frequency resonant cavity, the matching of the sound frequency, the phase position and the sound pressure with the surface impedance of the low-frequency sound absorber is realized. And finally, absorbing low-frequency noise under the coupling resonance effect of the low-frequency sound absorber.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. the sound-absorbing material does not contain porous sound-absorbing materials, the environmental resistance is good, and the service life is long;
2. the structure is compact, the thickness is thin, and the full-band sound absorption performance is good;
3. under the condition of the same sound absorption performance, the thickness of the super-structure sound absorber is thinner;
4. under the condition that the structure thickness is the same, the sound absorption performance of the super-structure sound absorber is better, especially the low-frequency sound absorption performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the high frequency sound absorber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the low frequency sound absorber of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a sound absorption characteristic curve of a super-structure sound absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
The full-band super-structure sound absorber shown in fig. 1 comprises a frame body 1, a front panel 2, a high-frequency sound absorber 3, a medium-frequency resonant cavity 4, an impedance matching layer 5 and a low-frequency sound absorber 6, wherein the front panel 2 and the sound absorbers are fixed on the frame body 1 through clamping grooves and clamping buckles. Super structure acoustic absorber, its external dimension is: 300mm (W) X200 mm (D) X235 mm (H).
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the front panel 2 is a metal perforated plate having a plate thickness of 1mm, a perforation diameter of 5.0mm, and a perforation rate of 45%. High frequency sound absorber 3 is the sound-absorbing structure that four layers of microperforated panel 31 series arrangement, separate by back cavity 32 between each microperforated panel 31, the thickness of microperforated panel 31 is 0.3mm, the through-hole is seted up on microperforated panel 31 surface, the cross-section of through-hole is circular, through-hole size is 0.1mm in proper order on the microperforated panel 31 according to arranging from left to right in the figure, 0.1mm, 0.8mm, 0.1mm, the perforation rate of the microperforated panel 31 that corresponds is 8.7% in proper order, 4.9%, 2.7%, 2.0%, the thickness of back cavity 32 that corresponds is 21.0mm in proper order, 25.0mm, 9.0mm, 25.0mm, the total thickness of high frequency sound absorber is 80 mm. The intermediate frequency resonant cavity 4 is a quadrangular prism with a regular trapezoidal section, the taper angle is 38 degrees, and the thickness is 15 mm. The impedance matching layer 5 is a thin film resonant structure, and the total thickness thereof is 5 mm. The low-frequency sound absorber is an HR type sound absorbing structure with 96 cavities arranged in parallel, and comprises a structural body 61 and 96 HR type resonance cavities 62 embedded in the HR type sound absorbing structure and arranged in a square lattice mode, wherein the total thickness of the HR type resonance cavities is 125 mm. According to the figure 2, the front panel 2, the high frequency sound absorber 3, the medium frequency resonant cavity 4, the impedance matching layer 5 and the low frequency sound absorber 6 are assembled and fixed in the frame 1 in sequence to form the full frequency band super-structure sound absorber.
And measuring the sound absorption coefficients of the super-structure sound absorber by adopting a reverberation chamber method under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz respectively. The test results are shown in FIG. 5. Within a test frequency band of 100-5000 Hz, the average sound absorption coefficient of the super-structure sound absorber is about 0.9, so that the super-structure sound absorber prepared by the method has excellent sound absorption and energy absorption in the full frequency band.
The super-structure sound absorber is used for sound absorption and noise reduction of a semi-anechoic chamber, a full-anechoic chamber and a silence chamber, and replaces the existing sound absorption wedge and a sound absorption flat plate. The full-band sound absorption performance of the super-structure sound absorber is good, particularly the low-frequency sound absorption performance is excellent, and the test performance of experimental facilities can be improved. Meanwhile, the super-structure sound absorber is thin in thickness and good in environment resistance, space occupancy rate can be saved, and service life is prolonged.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a full frequency band ultrastructural acoustic absorber which characterized in that: comprises a frame body (1) and a sound absorber which is fixedly arranged in the frame body (1) and is used for absorbing noise; the sound absorber is sequentially provided with a high-frequency sound absorber (3), a medium-frequency resonant cavity (4), an impedance matching layer (5) and a low-frequency sound absorber (6) along the sound source transmission direction; the thickness of the sound absorber in the sound source transmission direction is 150-400 mm.
2. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 1, wherein: the high-frequency sound absorber (3) is formed by arranging a plurality of microperforated plates (31) in series, and a back cavity (32) for sound absorption is arranged between every two adjacent microperforated plates (31).
3. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 2, wherein: the number of the microperforated plates (31) is 2-4, through holes are formed in the surfaces of the microperforated plates (31), the cross sections of the through holes are circular or quadrilateral, the size of each through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm, and the perforation rate of the microperforated plates (31) is 0.5% -20%; the thickness of the back cavity (32) is 5-80 mm.
4. The full band ultra structural sound absorber as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: still be equipped with front panel (2) that are used for protecting high frequency sound absorber in framework (1), one side of front panel (2) is towards the sound source, and the opposite side is towards high frequency sound absorber (3).
5. The full band, super structure sound absorber of claim 4, wherein: the front panel (2) is a metal perforated plate, a plurality of round through holes with the aperture of 3.0-10.0 mm are uniformly distributed in the front panel (2), and the perforation rate of the front panel (2) is 40-55%.
6. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 1, wherein: the low-frequency sound absorber (6) is a resonance flat sound absorption structure of a distributed resonance cavity array and comprises a structural body (61) and a resonance cavity (62) embedded in the structural body; the resonance cavities (62) are distributed in the structure body (61) in the form of a square lattice, a rectangular lattice, a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice.
7. The full band ultra structural sound absorber of claim 6, wherein: the resonance resonant cavity (62) is a combination of one or more of HR type, FP type or MIE type resonance cavity, and the shape of the resonance resonant cavity (62) is a cylinder, a cube or a cuboid; the number of the resonance resonant cavities (62) is 24-150, and the depth of the resonance resonant cavities (62) is 30-200 mm.
8. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 1, wherein: the medium-frequency resonant cavity (4) is a regular quadrangular prism, the cross section of the medium-frequency resonant cavity is in a regular trapezoid shape, the taper is 15-45 degrees, and the thickness is 5-50 mm.
9. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 1, wherein: the impedance matching layer (6) is one or a combination of aerogel or film resonance structures, and the thickness of the impedance matching layer is 2-10 mm.
10. The full band ultra-structural sound absorber of claim 1, wherein: the sound absorber is fixed on the frame body (1) through a clamping groove and a buckle.
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| CN112779998B CN112779998B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113345398A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-09-03 | 湘潭大学 | Full-band sound absorption structure based on microporous film and miniature acoustic black hole structure |
| CN113775067A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2021-12-10 | 广州新静界声学科技股份有限公司 | Composite sound absorption assembly with enhanced low frequency absorption |
| CN115352374A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-11-18 | 质子汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle cab and vehicle |
| CN115366815A (en) * | 2022-10-24 | 2022-11-22 | 质子汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle cab and vehicle |
| CN115848285A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-28 | 质子汽车科技有限公司 | Vehicle anechoic chamber and vehicle |
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