CN215977821U

CN215977821U - Full-band super-structure sound insulation board

Info

Publication number: CN215977821U
Application number: CN202121597382.2U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢明辉; 钟雨豪; 解龙翔; 黄唯纯
Original assignee: Nanjing University
Current assignee: Nanjing University
Priority date: 2021-07-14
Filing date: 2021-07-14
Publication date: 2022-03-08
Anticipated expiration: 2031-07-14

Abstract

The utility model discloses a full-band super-structure sound insulation board which comprises a frame body, wherein a low-frequency sound insulator I, medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton and a low-frequency sound insulator II are sequentially arranged in the frame body along the sound source propagation direction, the low-frequency sound insulator I comprises a structure body I and a resonance cavity I, the structure body I is of an array structure, the resonance cavity I is embedded into each structure body I, the low-frequency sound insulator II comprises a structure body II and a resonance cavity II, the structure body II is of an array structure, the resonance cavity II is embedded into each structure body II, and openings of the resonance cavity I and the resonance cavity II face the medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton. The structure of the first structure body is completely the same as that of the second structure body. The thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator I is 50-150 mm, the thickness of the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton is 10-40mm, and the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator II is 50-150 mm. The utility model has compact structure, thin thickness and good sound absorption performance in full frequency band; due to the combination of the metamaterial and the porous material, the size and the shape are more diversified, and the sound insulation frequency band is flexible to change.

Description

Full-band super-structure sound insulation board

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a sound insulator, in particular to a full-band super-structure sound insulation board.

Background

Sound insulation and noise reduction are one of the important subjects of modern engineering technology development, and are closely related to the fields of military affairs, national defense, aerospace, civilian life and the like. The traditional sound insulation and noise reduction technology is restricted by the law of mass, can only play a good role in isolating noise in a high-frequency section, needs to increase the quality of a sound insulation layer when the low-frequency sound insulation effect is improved, and limits the engineering application of the sound insulation and noise reduction technology. In recent years, the research of the acoustic metamaterial provides a new idea for solving the problem of low-frequency sound insulation. The acoustic metamaterial is a counterpart of an electromagnetic metamaterial in the acoustic field, and a special composite material or a special structure with unusual acoustic characteristics and phenomena which are not possessed by a natural material is obtained by performing structural design on key physical dimensions of the material. The method has wide research and application prospects in the fields of sound insulation, noise reduction and the like.

Traditional sound insulation designs are often based on sound insulating materials or resonant structures. The sound insulation performance of the structure is improved by improving the acoustic impedance of the sound insulation layer or optimizing the combination mode of the sound absorption and insulation materials. Such sound insulation mechanisms are mostly based on sound insulation cushions for automobile front walls, road sound barriers, sound insulation boxes for large equipment. This requires a sound insulation layer having a higher mass density, thickness, good sealing property, and material covering effect, which is obviously not favorable for realizing light weight and light weight of the sound insulation structure. In the field of pipeline acoustics, various resonators or cavities are implanted into sound transmission paths to realize effective isolation of sound waves in certain fixed frequency ranges, the relation between the corresponding noise elimination frequency of the method and the structural parameters of a pipe and a cavity is close, and the structural miniaturization is difficult to realize when low-frequency noise is eliminated. With the development of scientific technology and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, people with noise in life have higher requirements on noise control in life, the application scene is more diversified, the sound insulation material begins to develop towards the directions of high performance, wide frequency band, light weight and various structures, the low-frequency noise sound wave is longer, the penetrating power of the sound insulation material is stronger, and the weak heat adhesion loss of the traditional material cannot realize effective low-frequency sound attenuation. The traditional materials and structures open a new visual angle for solving the problem of the appearance and development of the acoustic metamaterial under the background that the field of sound insulation performance and engineering practicability are difficult to be considered.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The purpose of the utility model is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the utility model aims to provide the full-band super-structure sound insulation plate which is compact in structure, thin in thickness and good in full-band sound absorption performance.

The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model relates to a full-band super-structure sound insulation board which comprises a frame body, wherein a low-frequency sound insulator I, a medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton and a low-frequency sound insulator II are sequentially arranged in the frame body along the sound source propagation direction, the low-frequency sound insulator I comprises a structure body I and a resonance cavity I, the structure body I is of an array structure, the resonance cavity I is embedded into each structure body I, the low-frequency sound insulator II comprises a structure body II and a resonance cavity II, the structure body II is of an array structure, the resonance cavity II is embedded into each structure body II, and openings of the resonance cavity I and the resonance cavity II face the medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton so as to block low-frequency noise.

Further, the structure of the first structural body and the structure of the second structural body are completely the same.

Furthermore, the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator I is 50-150 mm, the thickness of the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton is 10-40mm, and the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator II is 50-150 mm.

Furthermore, in order to realize the isolation of low-frequency noise, the frame body is connected with the first low-frequency sound insulator, the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton and the second low-frequency sound insulator through damping glue. The damping glue is aerogel or AB glue and other common damping materials, the thickness of the damping glue is 0.5-2 mm, and the damping glue can be used for matching the wavelength and the phase of incident sound waves with the surface acoustic impedance of the low-frequency sound insulator.

Further, the first resonance cavities are distributed in the first structure in the form of a square lattice, a rectangular lattice, a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice. The second resonance cavities are distributed in the second structure body in the form of square lattice, rectangular lattice, triangular lattice or hexagonal lattice.

Furthermore, the first resonance cavity and the second resonance cavity are one or more of HR type resonance cavities, FP type resonance cavities and MIE type resonance cavities, and the shape of the first resonance cavity and the second resonance cavity is a cylinder, a cube or a cuboid. The first through hole on the cross section of the first resonance cavity is circular or quadrilateral, and the size of the first through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm. And a second through hole on the cross section of the second resonance cavity is circular or quadrilateral, and the size of the second through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm. When sound waves vertically enter, due to the action of the impedance matching layer, the incident wavelength and the phase are matched with the surface acoustic impedance of the HR resonant cavity to generate vertical resonance, and the sound waves oscillate in the resonant cavity to overcome frictional resistance and consume sound energy, so that the aim of sound insulation is fulfilled; typically, a single HR-type resonant cavity corresponds to one resonant frequency, absorbing acoustic waves at that resonant frequency. However, due to the near-field coupling effect among the resonant cavities, a plurality of coupling resonant frequencies are generated, so that the sound insulation frequency range is widened, and the sound insulation performance of the whole structure is improved. The frequency band of the low-frequency sound insulator capable of isolating noise is 100-1000 Hz.

Furthermore, tiny gaps and continuous bubbles are arranged on the medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton, certain ventilation is achieved, and isolation of medium-high frequency noise can be achieved. When sound waves are incident to the surface of the porous material, firstly, the air in the small holes or gaps is caused to move due to vibration generated by the sound waves, so that friction with the hole walls is caused, the air close to the hole walls and the surfaces of the fibers is not easy to move under the influence of the hole walls, and a considerable part of sound energy is converted into heat energy due to the action of friction and viscous force, so that the sound waves are attenuated, and the reflected sound is attenuated to achieve the purpose of sound absorption; second, heat loss from the air in the pores and from heat exchange between the walls of the pores and the fibers also attenuates the acoustic energy. In addition, the high-frequency sound wave can accelerate the vibration speed of air particles between gaps, and the heat exchange between air and hole walls is also accelerated. This gives the porous material good sound absorption properties at high frequencies. The frequency band of the coupling structure of the medium-high frequency sound absorber and the low-frequency resonant cavity, which can isolate noise, is 1000-5000 Hz.

The working principle is as follows: in the transmission path, the sound wave emitted by the sound source meets a homogeneous barrier (such as a wood board, a wall body, a metal plate and the like) for blocking the transmission of the sound wave, a part of the sound wave is reflected back by the barrier, a part of the sound wave is absorbed by the barrier, and only a part of the sound energy in the sound source smoothly penetrates through the barrier and is radiated to other areas. The method of using materials (members, structures or systems) to block the transmission of noise and reduce or eliminate the acoustic energy after passing through a barrier is called sound insulation. The sound waves are transmitted between the air medium with different characteristic impedances and the barrier, the sound waves are continuously reflected to cause the attenuation of sound energy, and the vibration energy is greatly reduced along with the elasticity and the additional action of the air medium, so that the sound insulation and vibration reduction effects are achieved. The sound insulation performance of the sound insulation material is related to the frequency of materials, structures and sound waves. The sound transmission capacity of the sound insulation material is expressed by a transmission coefficient, and is equal to the sound energy ratio of noise before and after passing through the material. Under the coupling resonance action of the high-frequency sound absorber and the medium-frequency resonant cavity, the sound absorption frequency band of the high-frequency sound absorber is widened, medium-frequency noise is isolated, sound waves (collectively called elastic waves) interact with the artificial periodic elastic composite material, no corresponding vibration mode exists in specific frequencies, a sound forbidden band exists, and sound wave propagation is restrained to realize good sound insulation performance.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following characteristics: the structure is compact, the thickness is thin, and the full-band sound absorption performance is good; due to the combination of the metamaterial and the porous material, the design limitation of the metamaterial is greatly reduced, the size and the shape of the metamaterial are diversified, and the sound insulation frequency band is flexible to change; under the condition of the same sound insulation performance, the super-structure sound absorber is thinner; the sound insulation device is simple, light and easy to install, and sound insulation performance of the sound insulation device is not affected by different installation modes and arrangements.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-frequency sound insulator I2 of the utility model;

FIG. 4 is a half-sectional view of a first structure 21 of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a plot of sound insulation performance of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, a frame body 1, a first low-frequency sound insulator, a medium-high frequency sound absorber and a second low-frequency sound insulator are sequentially arranged on the full-frequency-band super-structure sound insulation board along a sound source propagation direction, and the first low-frequency sound insulator and the second low-frequency sound insulator are fixed on the frame body 1 through clamping grooves or buckles, so that the air tightness is increased and the impedance matching is adjusted through damping rubber. The thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator I2 is 50-150 mm, the thickness of the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton 3 is 10-40mm, and the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator II 4 is 50-150 mm. The middle-high frequency sound absorber is common porous sound absorbing cotton, the thickness of the sound absorber can be set to be 10-40mm according to the use scene and requirements, a certain cavity can be reserved between adjacent sound absorbers/sound absorbers, the sound absorber/sound absorbers can also be compacted compactly, and a proper amount of damping glue can be coated on the interface. Meanwhile, the gap between the sound insulator and the frame body 1 is reduced under the condition of considering the processing precision. The damping glue is aerogel or AB glue and other common damping materials, the thickness of the damping glue is 0.5-2 mm, and the damping glue can be used for matching the wavelength and the phase of incident sound waves with the surface acoustic impedance of the low-frequency sound insulator. The first low-frequency sound insulator and the second low-frequency sound insulator are both super-structure sound insulators, and the external dimensions of the first low-frequency sound insulator and the second low-frequency sound insulator are preferably as follows: 300mm (W) x 200mm (D) x 120mm (H). The first sound insulator and the second sound insulator are installed in the opposite directions of the openings, and the first sound insulator and the second sound insulator are identical in structural size.

As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the first low-frequency sound insulator 2 includes a first structural body 21 and a first resonance cavity 22, the first structural body 21 is of an array structure, the first resonance cavity 22 is embedded in each first structural body 21, the second low-frequency sound insulator 4 includes a second structural body 41 and a second resonance cavity 42, the second structural body 41 is of an array structure, the second resonance cavity 42 is embedded in each second structural body 41, and openings of the first resonance cavity 22 and the second resonance cavity 42 face the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton 3 so as to block low-frequency noise. The structure of the first structure 21 is completely the same as that of the second structure 41. The thickness of the back plates of the first low-frequency sound insulator and the second low-frequency sound insulator is 0.5-3mm, the first low-frequency sound insulator and the second low-frequency sound insulator are HR type sound absorption structures with 96 cavities arranged in parallel, each HR type resonance cavity comprises a structure body and 96 embedded parts, the HR type resonance cavities are arranged in square lattices, and the thickness of a single flat plate is 40 mm. The first through hole on the cross section of the first resonance cavity 22 and the second through hole on the cross section of the second resonance cavity 42 are squares with different sizes, and the sizes are 0.05-1.0 mm.

As shown in fig. 5, the transmission loss characteristics of the full-band super-structural sound-insulating panel were obtained by finite element simulation analysis. Under the condition that the total thickness of the structure is 120mm, the full-band sound insulation performance of the flat sound absorption structure is very excellent, and the average sound insulation quantity of the structure in a low-frequency band of 100-500 Hz is about 76.27 dB; meanwhile, the average sound insulation amount of the flat sound absorption structure in a designed full-frequency band of 100-5000 Hz is about 109.6 dB.

The full-band super-structure sound insulation board of the embodiment is used for a sound insulation room or a sound barrier, and a flat sound absorption structure is used for replacing the existing low-frequency sound absorption/insulation layer. The common daily life people have solid bricks, reinforced concrete walls, wood boards, gypsum boards, iron boards, sound insulation felts, fiber boards and the like. Under the condition of low frequency, the principle that the sound insulation quantity follows the quality law is broken to a certain extent, the sound barrier can be arranged in the environment with large noise such as an airport, a highway and a railway in a residential area, and the precision instrument protection with higher requirements on space utilization rate and the like can be arranged in a special environment.

Example 2

The present embodiment is the same as the rest of the structure of embodiment 1, except that: the first resonance cavity 22 and the second resonance cavity 42 are both FP-type resonance cavities, and the first through hole on the cross section of the first resonance cavity 22 and the second through hole on the cross section of the second resonance cavity 42 are both quadrangles with different sizes.

Example 3

The present embodiment is the same as the rest of the structure of embodiment 1, except that: the first resonance cavity 22 and the second resonance cavity 42 are MIE-type resonance cavities, and the first through hole in the cross section of the first resonance cavity 22 and the second through hole in the cross section of the second resonance cavity 42 are quadrangles with different sizes.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a full frequency band super structure sound insulation board which characterized in that: including framework (1), be equipped with low frequency sound insulator (2), well high frequency sound absorption cotton (3) and low frequency sound insulator two (4) along sound source propagation direction in proper order in framework (1), low frequency sound insulator (2) is including structure (21) and resonance chamber (22), structure (21) is the array structure, in every structure (21) of resonance chamber (22) embedding, low frequency sound insulator two (4) are including structure two (41) and resonance chamber two (42), structure two (41) are the array structure, in every structure two (41) of resonance chamber two (42) embedding, the opening of resonance chamber one (22), resonance chamber two (42) all is towards well high frequency sound absorption cotton (3).

2. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the structure of the first structural body (21) is completely the same as that of the second structural body (41).

3. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator I (2) is 50-150 mm, the thickness of the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton (3) is 10-40mm, and the thickness of the low-frequency sound insulator II (4) is 50-150 mm.

4. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the frame body (1) is connected with the low-frequency sound insulator I (2), the middle-high frequency sound absorption cotton (3) and the low-frequency sound insulator II (4) through damping glue.

5. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the first resonance cavities (22) are distributed in the first structural body (21) in a square lattice, a rectangular lattice, a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice mode.

6. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the second resonance cavities (42) are distributed in the second structure body (41) in a square lattice, a rectangular lattice, a triangular lattice or a hexagonal lattice mode.

7. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: the first resonance cavity (22) and the second resonance cavity (42) are one or more of HR type, FP type or MIE type resonance cavities and are in the shapes of cylinders, cubes or cuboids.

8. The full band ultra structural sound barrier of claim 7, wherein: the first through hole on the cross section of the first resonance cavity (22) is circular or quadrilateral, and the size of the first through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm.

9. The full band ultra structural sound barrier of claim 7, wherein: and a second through hole on the cross section of the second resonance cavity (42) is circular or quadrilateral, and the size of the second through hole is 0.05-1.0 mm.

10. The full band ultra-structural sound barrier of claim 1, wherein: gaps and continuous bubbles are arranged on the medium-high frequency sound absorption cotton (3).