CN112777614B - Method and device for extracting lithium from salt lake brine through adsorption - Google Patents
Method and device for extracting lithium from salt lake brine through adsorption Download PDFInfo
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- CN112777614B CN112777614B CN202110149956.8A CN202110149956A CN112777614B CN 112777614 B CN112777614 B CN 112777614B CN 202110149956 A CN202110149956 A CN 202110149956A CN 112777614 B CN112777614 B CN 112777614B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D15/00—Lithium compounds
- C01D15/08—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for extracting lithium by adsorption of salt lake brine, in particular to a method for reducing the solution loss of a titanium adsorbent and the sodium-lithium ratio of a qualified liquid, and belongs to the technical field of lithium extraction of salt lakes. The method uses the dilute acid solution to pre-desorb the adsorbent, and utilizes the characteristic of different sodium-lithium desorption sequences to realize the desorption of most sodium and a small part of lithium firstly, and then uses the dilute acid solution to desorb the adsorbent so as to achieve the purpose of reducing sodium-lithium in qualified liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for extracting lithium by adsorption of salt lake brine, in particular to a method for reducing the solution loss of a titanium adsorbent and the sodium-lithium ratio of a qualified liquid, and belongs to the technical field of lithium extraction of salt lakes.
Background
Lithium is the lightest alkali metal with the smallest radius in nature and is active in chemical properties. Lithium and its compounds are widely used in various fields such as aviation, medicine, chemical industry, national defense, and new energy, and are called as "important elements for promoting the world progress". In recent years, the rapid development of the global new energy industry drives the continuous increase of the demand of lithium resources, and the development and the utilization of the lithium resources are focused. The storage amount of Chinese lithium reaches 320 ten thousand tons, and the second place of the world is where the lithium resource of the salt lake accounts for nearly 80 percent, and the lithium resource is mainly distributed in Qinghai-Tibet wood basin and Qinghai-Tibet plateau.
The method for extracting lithium from brine comprises the following steps: calcination, solvent extraction, selective membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, and the like. Among them, adsorption and ion exchange methods are receiving more and more attention due to their high selectivity for target ions and good recycling, and particularly, they are increasingly used in low-grade brine and brine. However, in the prior art, in the process of extracting lithium from brine by using a lithium ion sieve adsorbent, the pH value (between 1 and 3) of desorption liquid is low, the titanium dissolution loss and sodium lithium are high, and the problems can increase the energy consumption and cost of a later stage separation and purification process, influence the purity of a final lithium product and increase the annual loss of the adsorbent.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is that: the method adopts a step-by-step desorption mode to realize the purpose of reducing the dissolution loss of the adsorbent titanium and the sodium-lithium ratio of qualified liquid.
A brine adsorption lithium extraction method comprises the following steps:
step 1, carrying out adsorption treatment on salt lake brine by adopting an ion sieve adsorbent;
step 2, desorbing the adsorbent by adopting a first dilute acid solution, wherein the concentration of [ H+ ] of the first dilute acid solution is 0.001-0.2 mol/L, so as to obtain a first desorption liquid;
and 3, desorbing the adsorbent obtained in the step 1 by adopting a second dilute acid solution, wherein the concentration of [ H+ ] of the second dilute acid solution is 0.05-0.6 mol/L, and obtaining a second desorption liquid.
In one embodiment, the second desorption liquid is concentrated, li + And precipitating and separating to obtain lithium carbonate.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of: and (3) desorbing the adsorbent obtained in the step (2) by adopting a third dilute acid solution, wherein the concentration of [ H+ ] of the third dilute acid solution is 0.05-0.3 mol/L, and obtaining a third desorption liquid.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the steps of: the third desorption solution was again formulated to the same concentration of [ h+ ] as the second desorption solution and used for desorption in step 3.
In one embodiment, the brine is carbonate brine or lithium precipitation mother liquor, and can also be chloride brine, magnesium sulfate brine or brine obtained by adding alkali into underground brine of oil fields.
In one embodiment, the concentration of lithium ions in the brine is 0.01-10 g/L, and the mass ratio of sodium to lithium is 5:1-500:1.
In one embodiment, the first dilute acid solution, the second dilute acid solution, or the third dilute acid solution may be at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or acetic acid solution.
In one embodiment, prior to step 2, the adsorbent surface is washed with a low brine, which may be deionized water, distilled water, or industrial fresh water.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the first desorption solution is 2:1-20:1, the pH value is 5.0-7.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.01-1 mg/L.
In one embodiment, the first stripping solution is mixed with brine into step 1.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the second desorption solution is 1:5-3:1, the pH value is 4.0-7.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.1-10 mg/L.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the third desorption solution is 1:10-1:3, the pH value is 1.5-4.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.5-20 mg/L.
Advantageous effects
(1) The characteristic that the desorption sequence of sodium and lithium is different is utilized, firstly, dilute acid solution with low concentration (0.001-0.2 mol/L) is used for pre-desorbing the adsorbent, and under the acidic condition of the concentration, a large amount of desorption of sodium can be realized, and the desorption of most sodium and a small amount of lithium is realized, and the desorption solution and brine are mixed and then adsorbed; and then, carrying out secondary desorption on the adsorbent by using a dilute acid solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.6 mol/L, and after the concentration of the acid solution is increased, carrying out most desorption on lithium under the concentration condition, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the ratio of sodium to lithium of desorption liquid, wherein the part of desorption liquid is used as a raw material (qualified liquid) of a later-stage lithium product. In general, the single desorption sodium-lithium separation effect is poor, the solution loss of the adsorbent titanium is high, the sodium-lithium ratio in the qualified liquid is 1:1-5:1, and the sodium-lithium ratio in the qualified liquid is 1:5-3:1 under the condition of pre-desorption, so that the method is obviously improved.
(2) The pH value of the second desorption is controlled to be 4.0-7.0 by using a sectional desorption mode, then the adsorbent is desorbed by using a dilute acid solution with the concentration of 0.05-0.3 mol/L, and the qualified liquid with high lithium and low sodium after desorption can be used for matching acid for desorption, so that the purposes of improving the sodium-lithium ratio of the qualified liquid and reducing the dissolution loss of the adsorbent can be achieved. For the titanium adsorbent, under the condition of single desorption, the concentration of titanium ions in the qualified liquid is 5-20 mg/L, and the method of sectional desorption is used to obtain the concentration of titanium ions in the qualified liquid is 0.1-10 mg/L, mainly because the low-concentration dilute acid is used for carrying out desorption treatment in the process of first desorption, the desorption of sodium is maintained, and meanwhile, the dissolution loss of the titanium adsorbent is not caused.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
wherein, 1, an adsorption tank; 2. a brine inlet; 3. a first solid-liquid separator; 4. a desorption column; 5. adding low-salt water into the tank; 6. adding a first dilute acid to the tank; 7. adding a second dilute acid into the tank; 8. adding a third dilute acid into the tank; 9. a precipitation reactor; 10. adding a precipitant into the tank; 11. a second solid-liquid separator; 12. a dryer; 13. an acid preparing pool; 14. adding acid into a tank;
Detailed Description
The lithium ion sieve adsorbent used in the present invention may include: titanium ion sieve adsorbent and manganese ion sieve adsorbent. In the following examples, titanium-based ion sieve adsorbents are mainly exemplified.
The concentration of lithium ions in the brine is 0.01-10 g/L, and the ratio of sodium to lithium is 5:1-500:1.
The brine properties used in the following examples were: the concentration of lithium ions is 0.5g/L, and the ratio of sodium to lithium is 200:1.
The device used in the invention is shown in fig. 2, and comprises:
an adsorption tank 1 filled with a titanium adsorbent for adsorbing lithium ions in brine;
a first solid-liquid separator 3 for separating the adsorbent obtained in the adsorption tank 1;
a desorption column 4 for subjecting the adsorbent obtained in the first solid-liquid separator 3 to desorption treatment;
a first dilute acid addition tank 6 and a second dilute acid addition tank 7, which are respectively connected to the desorption column 4, for feeding dilute acid into the desorption column 4; a precipitation reactor 9 connected to the desorption column 4 for performing a precipitation reaction of lithium carbonate on the desorption liquid obtained in the desorption column 4.
In one embodiment, the first dilute acid addition tank 6 contains H + Dilute acid with the concentration of 0.001-0.2 mol/L; the second dilute acid adding tank 7 is provided with H + Dilute acid with the concentration of 0.05-0.6 mol/L; the third dilute acid adding tank 8 is provided with H + Dilute acid with concentration of 0.05-0.3 mol/L.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and a brine inlet 2 is connected with the adsorption tank 1 and is used for adding brine into the adsorption tank 1.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a low-salt water addition tank 5 connected to the desorption column 4 for adding low-salt water to the desorption column 4.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a third dilute acid addition tank 8 connected to the desorption column 4 for adding dilute acid to the desorption column 4.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: a precipitant addition tank 10 for adding a lithium precipitant to the precipitation reactor 9; the lithium precipitate is sodium carbonate.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and a second solid-liquid separator 11 for solid-liquid separating lithium carbonate obtained in the precipitation reactor 9.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: and a dryer 12 connected to the second solid-liquid separator 11 for drying the separated lithium carbonate.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: an acid preparing pool 13 connected to the desorption column 4 for adjusting the concentration of the desorption solution; the acid preparing tank 13 is connected with the second dilute acid adding tank 7.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises: an acid addition tank 14 is connected to the acid distribution tank 13 for adding acid to the acid distribution tank 13.
In one embodiment, the desorption liquid outlet of the desorption column 4 is also connected to the adsorption tank 1.
Example 1
Firstly, introducing lithium-containing brine into a device filled with a titanium-based adsorbent, enriching lithium ions on the adsorbent, wherein the flow rate of the brine is 5BV/h, the adsorption temperature is 25-30 ℃, and performing solid-liquid separation after the adsorption is completed to obtain tail brine and the lithium-rich adsorbent; the method aims at utilizing a titanium-based adsorbent to adsorb lithium-containing brine, and a certain amount of sodium, lithium, magnesium and other ions in the brine can be adsorbed on the surface of the adsorbent in the adsorption process;
secondly, washing the lithium-rich adsorbent by using low-salt water to wash out residual ions on the surface of the adsorbent; the aim of the step is to remove the residual ions on the surface after the adsorbent is treated by low-salt water, so as to prepare for subsequent desorption;
thirdly, desorbing the lithium-rich adsorbent by using an acid A, namely a dilute acid solution with the [ H+ ] concentration of 0.005mol/L, wherein the flow rate is 8BV/H, and desorbing until the instantaneous sodium-lithium ratio of the discharged water is 3, so as to obtain a desorption liquid A; the purpose of the step can lead sodium to be precipitated in preference to lithium, so as to prepare for the subsequent acquisition of lithium desorption solution;
fourthly, desorbing the lithium-rich adsorbent by using an acid B, namely a dilute acid solution with the [ H+ ] concentration of 0.25mol/L, wherein the flow rate is 10BV/H, and desorbing until the instantaneous effluent pH value is 4, so as to obtain a desorption liquid B; in the step, desorption treatment is carried out through an acid solution to obtain a desorption solution mainly containing lithium;
and fifthly, desorbing the lithium-rich adsorbent by using an acid C, namely a dilute acid solution with the [ H+ ] concentration of 0.2mol/L, wherein the flow rate is 6BV/H, and desorbing until the instantaneous pH value of the effluent is 1.5, thereby obtaining the desorption liquid C. The step is used for finally carrying out desorption treatment on the titanium adsorbent to realize complete regeneration.
The obtained desorption solution A is mixed with brine, and then enters the first step, so that acid in the desorption solution A can be recycled, and a very small amount of lithium in the desorption solution A can be recycled; the desorption liquid B is subjected to subsequent separation, purification, concentration, lithium precipitation and drying to obtain a lithium carbonate product; the desorption liquid C returns to the fourth step of acid preparation B, so that the complete recycling of the acid can be realized, and lithium ions in the desorption liquid C can be recycled continuously.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the adsorbent was not pre-desorbed with acid a, but sequentially with acid B and acid C. And the desorption liquid B is used as a raw material for producing lithium carbonate products, and the desorption liquid C is used for removing the acid B.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the adsorbent was not subjected to desorption treatment with acid B, but was subjected to treatment with acid a and acid C in sequence. And the desorption liquid C is used as a raw material for producing lithium carbonate products, and the desorption liquid A is mixed with brine.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the adsorbent was not subjected to desorption treatment with acid a and acid C, but was directly subjected to acid B. The desorption liquid B is used as a raw material for producing lithium carbonate products.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the acid A is adopted for pre-desorption treatment, and then the acid liquid with high concentration (acid B) and low concentration (acid C) is sequentially used for segmented desorption, so that the sodium-lithium ratio of the desorption liquid B can be effectively reduced, the lithium concentration of the desorption liquid B is improved, meanwhile, the solution loss is relatively low, the method is very beneficial to the subsequent separation, purification and concentration working sections, and the battery-grade lithium carbonate with higher purity can be produced.
In comparative example 1, the acid A is not adopted for pre-desorption, the obtained desorption solution B has higher sodium-lithium ratio (3), the sodium-lithium is difficult to separate in the subsequent separation and purification processes, the energy consumption in the concentration process is higher, and the purity of the produced lithium carbonate product is low.
In comparative example 2, the desorption is performed without acid B, so that the concentration of the obtained desorption solution C lithium is lower, and the equipment consumption and the energy consumption of the subsequent concentration working section are increased.
In comparative example 3, only one acid B with higher concentration is adopted for desorption, so that the obtained desorption solution B is high in sodium and lithium content, acidic, unfavorable for further treatment in the subsequent working section, high in titanium dissolution loss, short in service life of the titanium ion sieve and relatively low in purity of the obtained lithium carbonate product.
Claims (12)
1. The brine adsorption lithium extraction method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, absorbing brine by adopting a titanium ion sieve adsorbent;
step 2, desorbing the titanium ion sieve adsorbent by adopting a first dilute acid solution [ H ] + ]The concentration is 0.001-0.2 mol/L, and a first desorption solution is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the first desorption solution is 2:1-20:1;
step 3, desorbing the adsorbent obtained in step 2 by adopting a second dilute acid solution [ H ] + ]The concentration is 0.05-0.6 mol/L, and a second desorption liquid is obtained and is used as a raw material of a rear-stage lithium product;
and 4, carrying out desorption treatment on the adsorbent obtained in the step 3 to realize complete regeneration.
2. The brine adsorption lithium extraction method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: concentrating the second desorption solution to obtain Li + And precipitating and separating to obtain lithium carbonate.
3. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the step in the step 4 comprises: desorbing the adsorbent obtained in step 3 with a third dilute acid solution [ H ] + ]The concentration is 0.05-0.3 mol/L, and the third desorption liquid is obtained.
4. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 3, further comprising the steps of: re-imbibing the third desorption solutionIs secondarily formulated to be the same as the second desorption liquid + ]Concentration, and used for desorption in step 3.
5. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the brine is carbonate brine, lithium-precipitating mother liquor, chloride brine, magnesium sulfite brine or brine obtained by adding alkali to underground brine of an oil field.
6. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of lithium ions in the brine is 0.01-10 g/L, and the mass ratio of sodium to lithium is 5:1-500:1.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the first dilute acid solution, the second dilute acid solution, or the third dilute acid solution is at least one of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or acetic acid.
8. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the adsorbent is washed with low-salt water before step 2, wherein the low-salt water is deionized water, distilled water or industrial fresh water.
9. The brine adsorption lithium extraction method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and mixing the first desorption liquid with brine, and entering the step 1.
10. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 1, wherein the pH value in the first desorption solution is 5.0-7.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.01-1 mg/L.
11. The brine adsorption lithium extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the second desorption solution is 1:5-3:1, the pH value is 4.0-7.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.1-10 mg/L.
12. The method for extracting lithium by brine adsorption according to claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of sodium to lithium in the third desorption solution is 1:10-1:3, the pH value is 1.5-4.0, and the concentration of titanium ions is 0.5-20 mg/L.
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CN114196840A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-18 | 江苏久吾高科技股份有限公司 | Method for extracting lithium from high-sodium lithium-containing brine |
CN115818673A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-03-21 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for controlling impurity content of desorption solution by extracting lithium from salt lake brine |
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