CN112771262A - 用于直接喷射的双燃料供应*** - Google Patents

用于直接喷射的双燃料供应*** Download PDF

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CN112771262A
CN112771262A CN201980062338.0A CN201980062338A CN112771262A CN 112771262 A CN112771262 A CN 112771262A CN 201980062338 A CN201980062338 A CN 201980062338A CN 112771262 A CN112771262 A CN 112771262A
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pressure
combustible gas
combustible
dual fuel
supply system
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E·文森吉
E·圣格雷戈里奥
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Randy Renzo Ag
Landi Renzo SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0239—Pressure or flow regulators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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    • F02D19/0626—Measuring or estimating parameters related to the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0628—Determining the fuel pressure, temperature or flow, the fuel tank fill level or a valve position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F02D19/0673—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators; Mixers
    • F02D19/0681—Shut-off valves; Check valves; Safety valves; Pressure relief valves
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    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
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    • F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
    • F02M21/0233—Details of actuators therefor
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
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    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
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Abstract

一种用于重型车辆的发动机的直接喷射双燃料供应***(100)，包括：可燃液体的供应管线(160)；可燃气体的供应管线(170)；与可燃液体的供应管线(160)和可燃气体的供应管线(170)处于流体连通的多个喷射器(150)；用于调节可燃气体的压力调节器设备(1)；被配置成控制向喷射器(150)供应可燃液体和可燃气体的电子控制单元(ECU)，该电子控制单元(ECU)被配置成根据反馈逻辑控制压力调节器设备(1)来追踪参考压力(ptarget)。

Description

用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***
技术领域
本发明涉及用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***。
现有技术
本发明可例如在用于重型车辆(诸如卡车、公共汽车、压实机，以及一般而言，发动机容量超过3升的车辆)的直接喷射双燃料供应***中使用。
更一般地，本发明可被用于使用带直接喷射的气体的***中。
参考技术被称为“双燃料”并且包括同时向燃烧室中喷射两种燃料：液体燃料(例如柴油)，其具有触发燃烧的目的；以及天然气，其被用于大部分喷射(高达95％)。
在这一领域，韦斯特波特开发了一种基于双通道喷射器(即，可喷射柴油和天然气两者)的被称为HPDI(其是“高压直接喷射”的缩写)的***。
图1示意性地解说了根据现有技术的HPDI***。
被包含在车辆上的储罐10中的液化天然气借助于泵11来使其压力增大，并通过汽化器12使其变为气态。因而，汽化的气体在约300-320巴的压力下被累积在压缩气体储罐(标号13)中。压缩气体经过减压器14，该减压器14将其压力降低到约140-290巴的范围内，以使其适于由双通道喷射器15喷射。
这种双通道喷射器15由标号为16的柴油供应管线和标号为17的气体供应管线两者供应，该气体供应管线17连接到减压器14的出口。
如可在图1中注意到的，气体减压器14有两个入口：一个入口用于来自储罐13的可燃气体，而另一入口用于连接至柴油供应管线16的柴油燃料。换言之，在减压器14与柴油供应管线16之间存在流体连接。
这种解决方案的主要优点是柴油机的高性能兼带污染物排放(颗粒、氮氧化物、二氧化碳)的显著减少。
在该上下文中，注意力集中在减压器上。在用于HPDI***的现有技术中，减压器是能够响应于柴油压力变化而降低气体压力的设备。因此，在减压器内，气体压力的调节是纯机械地致动的，即，因变于力的平衡来致动。此外，如上面已提到的，这种减压器的特征在于这两个供应管线(即，柴油和天然气)之间的气动连接，具有混合两种燃料和泄漏的风险，并且因此可靠性差。此外，这种解决方案不允许实现设想独立地调节两种燃料的压力的策略。
文献WO 2016/197252例示了上面描述的解决方案。
在该上下文中，本发明所基于的技术任务是提供直接喷射双燃料供应***，其消除了如上面所描述的现有技术中的缺点。
发明目的
特别地，本发明的目的是提供用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***，其相对于现有技术的解决方案更可靠和安全。
本发明的另一目的是提供用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***，其相对于现有技术的解决方案具有简化的结构。
所定义的技术任务和指定的目的基本上由用于重型车辆的发动机的直接喷射双燃料供应***达成，该***包括：
-可燃液体的供应管线；
-可燃气体的供应管线；
-与可燃液体的供应管线和可燃气体的供应管线处于流体连通的多个喷射器；
-电子控制单元，其被配置成控制向喷射器供应可燃液体和可燃气体；
-压力调节器设备，其包括用于在入口通道与出口通道之间建立选择性连通的装置，该压力调节器设备被配制成通过入口通道以入口压力pin接收可燃气体，并响应于从电子控制单元传来的命令信号而以低于入口压力pin的出口压力pout从出口通道向可燃气体的供应管线分配可燃气体；
-第一压力换能器，其被配置成检测对应供应管线中的可燃气体的压力并且向电子控制单元提供代表所检测到的可燃气体的压力的第一信号；
-第二压力换能器，其被配置成检测对应供应管线中的可燃液体的压力并且向电子控制单元提供代表所检测到的可燃液体的压力的第二信号。
有利地，电子控制单元被配置成根据反馈逻辑响应于第一信号和第二信号而生成命令信号，其中可燃气体的压力调节器设备的出口压力pout追踪参考压力ptarget。
有利地，用于在入口通道与出口通道之间建立选择性连通的装置包括电子阀，该电子阀被配制成接收至少因变于在出口通道中检测到的可燃气体的第一压力值p1的命令信号。
优选地，该***还包括第三压力换能器，其被配置成检测入口通道中的可燃气体的压力并且向电子控制单元提供代表所检测到的可燃气体的压力的第三信号；
根据一个实施例，命令信号还因变于所检测到的可燃液体的第二压力值p2。
根据一个实施例，命令信号还因变于在入口通道中检测到的可燃气体的所检测到的第三压力值p3。
优选地，电子阀为比例型。
优选地，电子阀包括：
-阀体，其设置有插在入口通道与出口通道之间的孔；
-容纳在孔中的遮板；
-螺线管，该螺线管在遮板上可操作地活跃以使遮板按以下方式在孔内移动：遮板促使通过孔的可燃气体的流速与在螺线管中流动的电流成比例。
优选地，压力调节器设备还包括：
-排放通道；
-放置在排放通道上并且被配置成在排放通道与所述出口通道之间建立选择性连通的排气阀。
优选地，在入口通道上存在截流阀。
附图简述
根据如附图所解说的用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***的优选但非排他性实施例的指示性且因而非限制性的描述，本发明的其他特性和优点将变得更加明显，在附图中：
-图1示意性地解说了根据已知解决方案的用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***；
-图2a至2c示意性地解说了根据本发明的用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***的三个实施例；
-图3-4用两个不同截面透视图解说了用于调节在直接喷射双燃料供应***中使用的可燃气体的压力调节器设备。
本发明的优选实施例的详细描述
参考图2a-2b，数字100指示用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***，特别是用于重型车辆的发动机，即用于具有容量通常大于3升的发动机的车辆。
双燃料供应***100包括：
-可燃液体(特别是柴油)的供应管线160(为简化起见，在下文中被指示为“柴油管线”)；
-可燃气体(特别是天然气)的供应管线170(为简化起见，在下文中被指示为“气体管线”)；
-多个双通道喷射器150。
特别地，双通道喷射器150被配制成将柴油和天然气同时喷射到发动机的燃烧室(未例示)中。
此类喷射器是已知类型的，并且将不再进一步描述。双燃料供应***100包括用于调节可燃气体的压力的压力调节器设备，该设备用数字1来指示。
压力调节器设备1上游的组件与现有技术的组件相同。
特别地，参考图2a-2b，以下各项被标识：
-包含液化天然气的第一储罐10；
-在第一储罐10的下游的泵11；
-用于使液化天然气汽化的汽化器12；
-包含气化天然气的第二储罐13。
如从图3-4可注意到的，可燃气体的压力调节器设备1包括：
-入口通道2，其被配置成以入口压力pin接收可燃气体；
-出口通道3，其被配制成以低于入口压力pin的出口压力pout分配可燃气体；
-插在入口通道2与出口通道3之间的电子阀4，其被配制成在这些通道2、3之间建立选择性连通。
根据一个实施例，入口压力pin被包括在300-320巴之间，而出口压力pout在140-290巴之间。
根据另一实施例，入口压力pin大于500巴，而出口压力pout可达到最高490巴。
电子阀4被配制成接收命令信号Scom，该命令信号Scom至少因变于在出口通道3中检测到的可燃气体的第一压力值p1，该出口通道3连接到气体管线170。
根据图2a和2b所解说的实施例，命令信号Scom还因变于柴油管线160中检测到的可燃液体的第二检出压力值p2。优选地，命令信号Scom还因变于在入口通道2中检测到的可燃气体的第三检出压力值p3。
双燃料供应***100包括电子控制单元ECU，其被配制成控制向双通道喷射器150供应可燃液体和可燃气体。
电子阀4的命令信号Scom由电子控制单元ECU生成。
响应于命令信号Scom，压力调节器设备1以出口压力pout分配可燃气体。
***100包括至少一个第一压力换能器171，该第一压力换能器171被配置成检测对应气体管线170中的可燃气体的压力(在上面指示为“第一压力p1”)并且向电子控制单元ECU提供代表该压力的第一信号S1。
在图2a和2b中所解说的实施例中，***100还包括第二压力换能器161，该第二压力换能器161被配置成检测对应柴油管线160中的柴油压力(在上面指示为“第二压力p2”)并且向电子控制单元ECU提供代表该压力的第二信号S2。
优选地，存在第三压力换能器131，该第三压力换能器131被配制成检测入口通道2中的可燃燃料的压力(在上面表示为“第三压力p3”)并且向电子控制单元ECU提供代表该压力的第三信号S3。
电子控制单元ECU被配置成至少响应于第一信号S1而生成命令信号Scom。
优选地，电子控制单元ECU被配置成根据反馈逻辑还响应于第二信号S2和第三信号S3而生成命令信号Scom，以使来自压力调节器设备1的可燃气体的出口压力pout追踪参考压力ptarget。
参考压力ptarget可因变于发动机操作条件而变化。
由电子控制单元ECU实现的用于生成命令信号Scom的反馈逻辑完美地考虑了发动机参数，诸如举例而言：
-每分钟转数(RPM)
-拉姆达λ(AFR，空燃比)
-发动机负荷(吸入的空气流速)。
如从附图和以上说明可以理解，不需要将可燃液体直接带到压力调节器设备1，替代地，压力调节器设备1仅响应于命令信号Scom。
图2a涉及其中电子控制单元ECU是获取发动机参数和上面提到的三个信号S1、S2、S3并生成命令信号Scom的单个电子模块的实施例。
图2b涉及其中控制单元ECU包括两个不同模块的变体：第一电子模块180，该第一电子模块180获取发动机参数并将它们发送至(有可能能够集成到压力调节器设备1中的)第二电子模块或驱动器181，其还接收上面提到的三个信号S1、S2、S3作为输入并生成命令信号Scom。
图2c涉及其中控制单元ECU包括两个不同的模块的另一变体：第一电子模块180，该第一电子模块180获取发动机参数并且接收上面提到的三个输入信号S1、S2、S3并生成待发送至(有可能能够集成到压力调节器设备1中的)第二电子模块或驱动器181的控制逻辑信号Scom_log，该第二电子模块或驱动器181生成命令信号Scom。
优选地，电子阀4为比例型。特别地，其包括：
-阀体14，在该阀体14内部获得插在入口通道2与出口通道3之间的孔6；
-容纳在孔6中的遮板5；
-螺线管7，该螺线管7在遮板5上可操作地活跃以使遮板5按以下方式在孔6内移动：遮板5促使通过孔6的可燃气体的流速与在螺线管7中流动的电流成比例。
压力调节器设备1还包括排放通道8，排气阀9关联于排放通道8以建立排放管线与出口通道3的选择性连通。
在该情形中，存在两个控制信号，一个用于电子阀4，另一个用于排气阀9。通常，如果在设备1中存在要控制的各种阀，则可能存在各种控制信号。
特别地，当可燃气体的出口压力pout超过预定阈值时，排气阀9被打开，以便能够通过排放通道8排放部分或全部可燃气体。
排放通道8直接通向环境或通向容纳液化天然气的第一储罐10。
优选地，在入口通道2上存在截止阀20，该截止阀20表示被配置成响应于***100的某些操作条件而中断入口通道2与出口通道3之间的流体连通的安全阀。
例如，在发动机被关闭的情况下或者当***仅用柴油运转或在发生事故的情况下，截止阀20进行干预。
根据所提供的描述，根据本发明的用于直接喷射的双燃料供应***的特性以及优点是清楚的。
由于所提出的供应***执行气压的电子调节，因此消除了与柴油供应管线的流体连接。
当控制单元指令调节器追踪可能变化的参考压力或目标压力(与完全机械解决方案不同)时，喷射器供应***更加灵活。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种用于重型车辆的发动机的直接喷射双燃料供应***(100)，包括：
可燃液体的供应管线(160)；
可燃气体的供应管线(170)；
与所述可燃液体的供应管线(160)和所述可燃气体的供应管线(170)处于流体连通的多个喷射器(150)；
配置成控制向所述喷射器(150)供应所述可燃液体和所述可燃气体的电子控制单元(ECU)；
包括用于在入口通道(2)与出口通道(3)之间建立选择性连通的装置的压力调节器设备(1)，所述压力调节器设备(1)被配制成通过所述入口通道(2)以入口压力(pin)接收可燃气体；
第一压力换能器(171)，所述第一压力换能器(171)被配置成检测对应供应管线(170)中的所述可燃气体的压力并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃气体的压力的第一信号(S1)；
第二压力换能器(161)，所述第二压力换能器(161)被配置成检测对应供应管线(160)中的所述可燃液体的压力并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃液体的压力的第二信号(S2)；
其特征在于，所述电子控制单元(ECU)被配置成根据反馈逻辑响应于所述第一信号(S1)和所述第二信号(S2)而生成命令信号(Scom)，其中所述压力调节器设备(1)的出口压力(pout)追踪参考压力(ptarget)，用于建立所述选择性连通的所述装置包括被配制成接收所述命令信号(Scom)的电子阀(4)，
所述压力调节器设备(1)被配置成响应于所述命令信号(Scom)而以低于所述入口压力(pin)的出口压力(pout)从所述出口通道(3)向所述可燃气体(170)的供应管线分配所述可燃气体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括：
第三压力换能器(131)，所述第三压力换能器(131)被配置成检测所述可燃气体在所述入口通道(2)中的存在并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃气体的压力的第三信号(S3)。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述命令信号(Scom)还因变于在所述入口通道(2)中检测到的所述可燃气体的第三压力值p3。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述电子阀(4)为比例型。
5.根据权利要求4所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述电子阀(4)包括：
阀体(14)，所述阀体(14)设置有插在所述入口通道(2)与所述出口通道(3)之间的孔(6)；
容纳在所述孔(6)中的遮板(5)；
螺线管(7)，所述螺线管(7)在所述遮板(5)上可操作地活跃以使所述遮板(5)按以下方式在所述孔(6)内移动：所述遮板(5)促使通过所述孔(6)的所述可燃气体的流速与在所述螺线管(7)中流动的电流成比例。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括：
排放通道(8)；
排气阀(9)，所述排气阀(9)放置在所述排放通道(8)上并且被配置成在所述排放通道(8)与所述出口通道(3)之间建立所述选择性连通。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括放置在所述入口通道(2)上的截止阀(20)。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于重型车辆的发动机的直接喷射双燃料供应***(100)，包括：
可燃液体的供应管线(160)；
可燃气体的供应管线(170)；
与所述可燃液体的供应管线(160)和所述可燃气体的供应管线(170)处于流体连通的多个喷射器(150)；
配置成控制向所述喷射器(150)供应所述可燃液体和所述可燃气体的电子控制单元(ECU)；
压力调节器设备(1)，所述压力调节器设备(1)包括用于在入口通道(2)与出口通道(3)之间建立选择性连通的装置，所述压力调节器设备(1)被配制成通过所述入口通道(2)以入口压力(pin)接收可燃气体并且响应于来自所述电子控制单元(ECU)的命令信号(Scom)而以低于所述入口压力(pin)的出口压力(pout)从所述出口通道(3)向所述可燃气体(170)的供应管线分配所述可燃气体；
第一压力换能器(171)，所述第一压力换能器(171)被配置成检测对应供应管线(170)中的所述可燃气体的压力并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃气体的压力的第一信号(S1)；
第二压力换能器(161)，所述第二压力换能器(161)被配置成检测对应供应管线(160)中的所述可燃液体的压力并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃液体的压力的第二信号(S2)；
其特征在于，所述电子控制单元(ECU)被配置成根据反馈逻辑响应于所述第一信号(S1)和所述第二信号(S2)而生成所述命令信号(Scom)，其中所述压力调节器设备(1)的出口压力(pout)追踪参考压力(ptarget)，用于建立所述选择性连通的所述装置包括被配制成接收至少因变于所述出口通道(3)中检测到的所述可燃气体的第一压力值(p1)的命令信号(Scom)的电子阀(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括：
第三压力换能器(131)，所述第三压力换能器(131)被配置成检测所述可燃气体在所述入口通道(2)中的存在并且向所述电子控制单元(ECU)提供代表所检测到的所述可燃气体的压力的第三信号(S3)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述命令信号(Scom)还因变于所检测到的所述可燃液体的第二压力值p2。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述命令信号(Scom)还因变于在所述入口通道(2)中检测到的所述可燃气体的第三压力值p3。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述电子阀(4)为比例型。
6.根据权利要求5所述的双燃料供应***(100)，其中，所述电子阀(4)包括：
阀体(14)，所述阀体(14)设置有插在所述入口通道(2)与所述出口通道(3)之间的孔(6)；
容纳在所述孔(6)中的遮板(5)；
螺线管(7)，所述螺线管(7)在所述遮板(5)上可操作地活跃以使所述遮板(5)按以下方式在所述孔(6)内移动：所述遮板(5)促使通过所述孔(6)的所述可燃气体的流速与在所述螺线管(7)中流动的电流成比例。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括：
排放通道(8)；
排气阀(9)，所述排气阀(9)放置在所述排放通道(8)上并且被配置成在所述排放通道(8)与所述出口通道(3)之间建立所述选择性连通。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的双燃料供应***(100)，进一步包括放置在所述入口通道(2)上的截止阀(20)。
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