CN112769182A - Efficient and rapid active equalization circuit for echelon battery - Google Patents
Efficient and rapid active equalization circuit for echelon battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112769182A CN112769182A CN202011630673.7A CN202011630673A CN112769182A CN 112769182 A CN112769182 A CN 112769182A CN 202011630673 A CN202011630673 A CN 202011630673A CN 112769182 A CN112769182 A CN 112769182A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The switch array comprises a plurality of channel selection switches and four polarity selection switches, one channel selection switch is respectively connected between the positive electrode of the battery pack and the batteries connected in series in the battery pack, odd channel selection switches are connected together to form a first direct current bus, even channel selection switches are connected together to form a second direct current bus, the first direct current bus and the second direct current bus are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the input end of the converter through two of the four polarity selection switches, and the first direct current bus and the second direct current bus are respectively connected with the negative electrode of the input end of the converter through the other two of the four polarity selection switches. The echelon battery active equalization circuit is high in energy utilization rate, high in equalization speed and long in service life.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a battery pack balancing technique.
Background
Compared with the power lithium battery pack in service, the inconsistency of the echelon battery is obvious, the available capacity of the battery pack is greatly reduced by the short plate effect, and the service life and the use safety of the battery pack are influenced. The battery utilization echelon is subjected to balanced management, the inconsistency of the battery utilization echelon can be eliminated within a certain range, the service life of the battery utilization echelon is prolonged, the available capacity is improved, and the use safety problem is improved.
Common battery equalization is mainly divided into passive equalization and active equalization. Passive equalization is mainly applied to occasions with small battery difference due to the energy consumption characteristic of the passive equalization; although the active equalization structure is relatively complex, the equalization effect is good, and the advantage is great in the equalization of the echelon battery. With the continuous development of power electronic devices, new materials and control chips, more and more active equalization methods are gradually generated, including capacitance-inductance type equalization, resonance type equalization, winding transformer type equalization, DC-DC converter type equalization, and the like. But the equalization efficiency and the equalization speed of the existing equalizer cannot completely meet the requirement of the battery equalization in the echelon.
Disclosure of Invention
The active equalization circuit for the echelon battery is efficient and rapid, high in energy utilization rate, rapid in equalization speed and long in service life.
According to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a echelon battery active equalization circuit, including a switch array, a bidirectional dc converter, and a super capacitor energy storage unit, where the super capacitor energy storage unit is connected to an output end of the bidirectional dc converter, the switch array includes a plurality of channel selection switches and four polarity selection switches, and one of the channel selection switches is connected between a positive electrode of a battery pack and a negative electrode of a battery pack and between batteries connected in series in the battery pack, where odd number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a first dc bus, even number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a second dc bus, the first dc bus and the second dc bus are connected to a positive electrode of an input end of the bidirectional dc converter through two of the four polarity selection switches, respectively, and the first dc bus and the second dc bus are connected to the positive electrode of the bidirectional dc converter through the other two of the four polarity selection switches The negative pole of the input end is connected.
In some examples, when balancing the single batteries, the SOC of the balanced battery should satisfy:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(wherein N ═ 1, 2, 3.)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresentative SOC averageA value; SOCNThe SOC value of each single battery is obtained; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
In some examples, when performing internal grouping equalization, the equalized internal battery pack SOC should satisfy:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(odd number of series battery cells)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresents the SOC average; SOCNRepresenting the SOC value of the battery pack; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
In some examples, the bidirectional dc converter switches back and forth in both synchronous Boost and synchronous Buck modes while energy transfer is occurring.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: (1) the switch array formed by the channel selection switch and the polarity selection switch reduces the demand on the MOS tube; (2) the bidirectional direct current converter formed by four MOS tubes is used as an energy transfer main device, so that the conversion efficiency is higher, and the use flexibility is better; (3) due to the high flexibility of the bidirectional direct current converter, the balancing can adopt a layered balancing strategy of internal grouping balancing and single battery balancing, and further the balancing speed is improved; (4) the super capacitor is used as the energy storage unit, so that the service life is longer, and the transmission efficiency and the energy utilization rate are higher compared with an equalizer using an extra battery as the energy storage unit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an active equalization circuit topology for a echelon battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a simplified schematic diagram of cell balancing of the echelon battery active balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic diagram of balancing of battery packs in the echelon battery active balancing circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a waveform of changes of a battery and a super capacitor when the super capacitor is charged by a battery in a stepped manner according to an embodiment of the present invention, where 4(a) is a waveform of a state of the super capacitor when a battery charges the super capacitor, and 4(b) is a waveform of a state of the battery when the battery charges the super capacitor.
Fig. 5 is a waveform of changes of the super capacitor and the stepped battery when the super capacitor charges the stepped battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, where 5(a) is a waveform of a state of the super capacitor when the super capacitor charges the single battery, and 5(b) is a waveform of a state of the single battery when the super capacitor charges the single battery.
Detailed Description
A fast and efficient echelon battery active equalization circuit comprises a switch array, a bidirectional direct current converter and a super capacitor energy storage unit. The switch array comprises a plurality of channel selection switches and four polarity selection switches, one channel selection switch is respectively connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery pack and the batteries connected in series in the battery pack, wherein odd number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a first direct current bus, even number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a second direct current bus, the first direct current bus and the second direct current bus are respectively connected with the positive electrode of the bidirectional direct current converter through two of the four polarity selection switches, and the first direct current bus and the second direct current bus are respectively connected with the negative electrode of the bidirectional direct current converter through the other two of the four polarity selection switches.
As shown in fig. 1, when six batteries B1 to B6 are connected in series in the battery pack, a channel selection switch K1 is connected to a positive electrode of the battery B1, a channel selection switch K1 is connected between the batteries B1 and B1, a negative electrode of the battery B1 is connected to the channel selection switch K1, odd-numbered channel selection switches K1, and K1 are connected to form a first dc bus, even-numbered channel selection switches K1, and K1 are connected to form a second dc bus, and four polarity selection switches are respectively denoted by K1.
And the input end of the bidirectional direct current converter is connected with capacitors C1 and C2 in parallel. And the super capacitor energy storage unit is connected to the output end of the bidirectional direct current converter. As shown in fig. 1, the bidirectional dc converter may include a MOS transistor A, MOS, a transistor B, MOS C and a transistor D, wherein the transistor a and the transistor B form a left half-bridge, the transistor C and the transistor D form a right half-bridge, and an inductor L is connected to the left half-bridge and the right half-bridge at a central point. The super capacitor energy storage unit can comprise super capacitors SC1 and SC2 which are connected in series, and super capacitors SC3 and SC4 which are connected in series.
When the echelon battery active equalization circuit equalizes the single batteries, the SOC of the equalized batteries meets the following requirements:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(wherein N ═ 1, 2, 3.)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresents the SOC average; SOCNThe SOC value of each single battery is obtained; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
When the echelon battery active equalization circuit performs internal grouping equalization, the SOC of the equalized internal battery pack should meet the following requirements:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(odd number of series battery cells)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresents the SOC average; SOCNRepresenting the SOC value of the battery pack; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
During energy transfer, the bidirectional direct-current converter is switched back and forth in two modes of synchronous Boost and synchronous Buck, so that energy flows from the battery to the super capacitor and then from the super capacitor to the battery. In the synchronous Buck mode, the MOS tube D is kept normally open, the MOS tube C is kept normally closed, the MOS tube A performs switching action, and the MOS tube B performs synchronous rectification; during the synchronous Boost mode, MOS pipe A keeps normally open, MOS pipe B keeps normally closed, MOS pipe C is the switching action, and MOS pipe D carries out synchronous rectification. In the Buck-Boost mode, at the initial stage of switching, the MOS transistors B, D are simultaneously turned on, then the a/C are simultaneously turned on, and finally the a/D are simultaneously turned on. When Buck-Boost is carried out, in the initial stage of switching, the A/C of the switching tubes are simultaneously conducted, then the B/D is simultaneously conducted, and finally the A/D is simultaneously conducted. Because the switching tube works in a synchronous rectification working mode, the conversion efficiency of the converter is greatly improved, and the flexibility of the four tubes is more flexible in the balancing process.
When the selection switches K1, K2, K9 and K10 in fig. 1 are closed, the circuit can be simplified to the structure shown in fig. 2, and it is shown that the single battery B1 performs energy bidirectional transfer with the super capacitor energy storage unit through the bidirectional dc converter. When the selection switches K1, K4, K9 and K10 in fig. 1 are closed, the circuit can be simplified to the structure shown in fig. 3, which shows that an internal battery pack performs energy bidirectional transfer with the super capacitor energy storage unit through the bidirectional direct current converter.
Fig. 4 shows the variation waveforms of the battery and the super capacitor when the super capacitor is charged by the echelon battery, wherein 4(a) is the super capacitor state waveform when the super capacitor is charged by the monocell, and 4(b) is the battery state waveform when the super capacitor is charged by the monocell.
Fig. 5 shows the variation waveforms of the super capacitor and the echelon battery when the super capacitor charges the echelon battery, where 5(a) is the super capacitor state waveform when the super capacitor charges the single battery, and 5(b) is the single battery state waveform when the super capacitor charges the single battery, and it can be seen in the figure that the voltage and the SOC value of the super capacitor continuously decrease, and the voltage and the SOC value of the battery continuously increase, that is, the energy is transferred from the super capacitor to the echelon battery.
When the echelon battery starts to be balanced, the bidirectional direct-current converter is switched among four modes, namely synchronous Boost, synchronous Buck, Boost Buck-Boost and Buck Buck-Boost, so that energy flows from the echelon battery to the super capacitor and then from the super capacitor to the echelon battery, and finally the echelon battery pack is balanced. The bidirectional buck-boost characteristic of the bidirectional direct current converter can realize that the energy transfer unit can carry out energy interaction with the echelon battery pack without limitation under the condition of not considering residual energy, and the flexibility of the balancing process is greatly improved. The MOS tube in the bidirectional direct current converter works in a synchronous rectification mode, so that the converter can obtain higher conversion efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of relatively less demand on MOS tubes, higher conversion efficiency and control flexibility, faster equalization speed, longer service life of the energy storage unit, and higher transmission efficiency and energy utilization rate compared with most equalizers.
Claims (4)
1. The active equalization circuit of the echelon battery is characterized by comprising a switch array, a bidirectional direct-current converter and a super-capacitor energy storage unit, wherein the super-capacitor energy storage unit is connected with the output end of the bidirectional direct-current converter, the switch array comprises a plurality of channel selection switches and four polarity selection switches, one channel selection switch is respectively connected between the positive pole and the negative pole of a battery pack and between batteries connected in series in the battery pack, odd number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a first direct-current bus, even number of the channel selection switches are connected together to form a second direct-current bus, the first direct-current bus and the second direct-current bus are respectively connected with the positive pole of the input end of the bidirectional direct-current converter through two of the four polarity selection switches, and the first direct-current bus and the second direct-current bus are respectively connected with the negative pole of the input end of the bidirectional direct-current converter through the other .
2. The active equalization circuit for echelon batteries according to claim 1, wherein when the single batteries are equalized, the SOC of the equalized batteries should satisfy:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(wherein N ═ 1, 2, 3.)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresents the SOC average; SOCNThe SOC value of each single battery is obtained; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
3. The echelon battery active equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein when performing internal grouping equalization, the equalized internal battery pack SOC should satisfy:
|SOCN-SOCAV|>SOCM(odd number of series battery cells)
In the formula, SOCAVRepresents the SOC average; SOCNRepresenting the SOC value of the battery pack; SOCMIndicating an equalization threshold.
4. The echelon battery active equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein the bidirectional dc converter switches back and forth between a synchronous Boost mode and a synchronous Buck mode while transferring energy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011630673.7A CN112769182A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Efficient and rapid active equalization circuit for echelon battery |
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| CN202011630673.7A CN112769182A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Efficient and rapid active equalization circuit for echelon battery |
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| CN112769182A true CN112769182A (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023045332A1 (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-30 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Battery management system |
| CN117595471A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 合肥安轩能源有限公司 | Active equalization circuit of lithium battery BMS |
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| CN106787737A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of two-way DC converter |
| CN106787730A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-05-31 | 杰华特微电子（杭州）有限公司 | A kind of control method of on-off circuit, control circuit and on-off circuit |
| CN108275012A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-13 | 湖北工业大学 | Active equalization circuit with balanced power supply |
| CN109842165A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-04 | 大连融慧能源科技有限公司 | The method and system of energy accumulation current converter, balancing battery SOC |
| CN111525815A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Bidirectional DCDC conversion circuit, energy storage converter and charge-discharge control method |
| CN112086698A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-15 | 安徽瑞赛克再生资源技术股份有限公司 | Active equalization circuit and method for gradient utilization of retired power battery |
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2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202011630673.7A patent/CN112769182A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103779889A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | 江苏华富储能新技术股份有限公司 | Equalization circuit for battery pack |
| CN106787730A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-05-31 | 杰华特微电子（杭州）有限公司 | A kind of control method of on-off circuit, control circuit and on-off circuit |
| CN106787737A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-05-31 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of two-way DC converter |
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| CN108275012A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-07-13 | 湖北工业大学 | Active equalization circuit with balanced power supply |
| CN111525815A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-08-11 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Bidirectional DCDC conversion circuit, energy storage converter and charge-discharge control method |
| CN112086698A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-15 | 安徽瑞赛克再生资源技术股份有限公司 | Active equalization circuit and method for gradient utilization of retired power battery |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023045332A1 (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-30 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | Battery management system |
| GB2622325A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2024-03-13 | Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd | Battery management system |
| CN117595471A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 合肥安轩能源有限公司 | Active equalization circuit of lithium battery BMS |
| CN117595471B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-02 | 合肥安轩能源有限公司 | Active equalization circuit of lithium battery BMS |
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