CN112759477A - Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, in particular to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops and a preparation method thereof, wherein the organic component is a powdery organic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of fermented poultry manure, 50-80 parts of fermented cow manure, 50-80 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 50-80 parts of beer residue, 10-20 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20-30 parts of composite biological enzyme and 10-20 parts of humic acid raw powder, wherein the inorganic components comprise the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of ammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 3-8 parts of magnesium phosphate, 8-12 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 12-18 parts of boron fertilizer; the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops has high fertilizer efficiency, the organic component adopts powdery substances, and the inorganic component adopts granular substances, so that the organic substances and the inorganic substances are prevented from being bonded with each other after application to influence the release of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compound fertilizers, in particular to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing both organic matter and a proper amount of chemical fertilizer. The organic materials such as excrement, peat and the like are subjected to harmless and effective treatment through microbial fermentation, and a proper amount of fertilizer, humic acid, amino acid or beneficial microbial bacteria are added to prepare the commercial fertilizer through granulation or direct blending. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has the following advantages: (1) the organic matter part of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, mainly animal and plant residues, and can effectively provide organic nutrient elements for plants through fermented and decomposed organic matters. The crops are equivalent to farmyard manure, but the farmyard manure is not fermented and decomposed generally and contains a large amount of pathogenic bacteria, parasitic bacteria and the like to cause seedling burning. (2) The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content is balanced, and meanwhile, a large amount of beneficial bacteria are contained, so that the effects of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution and potassium dissolution can be achieved, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is promoted, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption rate is improved. Compared with the method of only fertilizing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the absorption rate can be improved by about 30-50%. (3) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is also doped with biological bacteria, various beneficial bacteria can play the roles of effectively fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, and the metabolites of the beneficial bacteria also have nutrients with extremely high nutritional values. (4) Other beneficial elements such as trace elements, multienzyme, polypeptide and the like are added into part of the product, so that the nutrition is more comprehensive, and the nutrient is really free of short plates.
The existing organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is used for the granulation problem, farmers are used to use chemical fertilizers and compound fertilizers for granulation, and the non-granulated fertilizer is not good fertilizer. The national standards also specify granulation and are clearly "spherical" or "columnar". This standard poses three problems.
Firstly, raw material chemical fertilizer is firstly crushed and then mixed with powdery organic fertilizer, and the mixture is granulated by a granulator. If the fertilizer is spherical, the water content of the granulated fertilizer is about 50 percent, and the water content of 50 percent is reduced to 10 percent, the fertilizer needs to be dried at high temperature, so that the organic water-soluble substances in the fertilizer are carbonized and lose the biological effectiveness.
Secondly, the processing cost is high, increase peasant's burden, and granulation is than simple mixing after the mixing, and per ton product increases 150 ~ 200 yuan processing cost.
Thirdly, the spherical granulation uses an adhesive, the columnar granulation uses strong pressure, and the two types of granulation both ensure that fertilizer granules can not disintegrate for a long time in a drought season and a rain-less area, the nutrition of the fertilizer can not be released, and the fertilizer can not be synchronously supplied in the fertilizer requiring stage of crops, so that the crops have poor harvest.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: overcomes the defects in the prior art, and provides the crop organic-inorganic compound fertilizer which has high biological effectiveness, low production cost and quick and effective release of nutrient substances.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops, which comprises an organic component and an inorganic component,
the organic component is a powdery organic fertilizer and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of fermented poultry manure, 50-80 parts of fermented cow manure, 50-80 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 50-80 parts of beer residue, 10-20 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20-30 parts of composite biological enzyme and 10-20 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of ammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 3-8 parts of magnesium phosphate, 8-12 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 12-18 parts of boron fertilizer.
Furthermore, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 70-80%.
Further, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry excrement with a leavening agent uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry excrement, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50-60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2-4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Further, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50-60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2-4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
Further, the silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, and bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, and the addition amounts of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp are 5-10% of the silkworm excrement;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
Further, the compound microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
Further, the compound biological enzyme adopts a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation, which comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is (8-10): 1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is (2-3): 1.
Further, the particle size of the organic component powder is 100-200 meshes.
Another object of the invention is: overcomes the defects in the prior art, and provides a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops, which has high biological effectiveness, low production cost and rapid and effective release of nutrient substances.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops has high fertilizer efficiency, the organic component adopts powdery substances, the inorganic component adopts granular substances, the mutual adhesion between the organic substances and the inorganic substances after application is avoided, the release of the fertilizer is influenced, after the fertilizer is applied, the content of effective nitrogen in soil is up to 93mg/kg, the content of effective phosphorus is up to 73mg/kg, the content of effective potassium is up to 102mg/kg, and the content of organic matters is up to 16.2 g/kg.
According to the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops, the organic components of poultry manure, cow manure and silkworm excrement are fermented and then stored, and then are mixed with the inorganic components according to actual use requirements, so that the organic compound fertilizer is more convenient to use and store, organic matters in the components can be stored for a long time, and environmental pollution caused by odor in the storage process can be avoided.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the particle size of the powder of the organic component is 100 meshes;
the organic component is powdery organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100 parts of fermented poultry manure, 50 parts of fermented cow manure, 50 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 50 parts of beer residue, 10 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20 parts of composite biological enzyme and 10 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of ammonium phosphate, 12 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 3 parts of magnesium phosphate, 20 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 12 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 70 percent.
Wherein, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing poultry feces with a leaven uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leaven is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry feces, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25:1, and the pH value is adjusted to be 6;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2-4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Wherein, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, adding straw, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 25:1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50-60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2m, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2 m; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
The silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, the addition amounts of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp are 5% of the weight of the silkworm excrement, and the proportion among the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is random;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g, and the proportion of the bacteria is random.
The compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is 8:1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is 2: 1.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 2
An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the particle size of the powder of the organic component is 150 meshes;
the organic component is powdery organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 120 parts of fermented poultry manure, 60 parts of fermented cow manure, 60 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 60 parts of beer residue, 12 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 22 parts of composite biological enzyme and 12 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 9 parts of ammonium phosphate, 15 parts of potassium nitrate, 4 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 4 parts of magnesium phosphate, 8 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 12 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 72 percent.
Wherein, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry manure with a leavening agent uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry manure, adding straws, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 26: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2m, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2.5 m; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Wherein, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25:1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 52% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2m, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2.5 m; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
The silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, the addition amounts of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp are 6% of the weight of the silkworm excrement, and the proportion of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is random;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g, and the proportion of the bacteria is random.
The compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is 8:1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is 2: 1.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 3
An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the particle size of the powder of the organic component is 150 meshes;
the organic component is powdery organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 150 parts of fermented poultry manure, 60 parts of fermented cow manure, 60 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 60 parts of beer residue, 15 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 25 parts of composite biological enzyme and 15 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of ammonium phosphate, 16 parts of potassium nitrate, 4.5 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 5.5 parts of magnesium phosphate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 15 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 75 percent.
Wherein, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry manure with a leavening agent uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry manure, adding straw, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 28: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 55% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 3 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Wherein, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, adding straws, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 28: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 55% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 3 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
The silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, the addition amounts of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp are 8% of the weight of the silkworm excrement, and the proportion of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is any ratio;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g, and the proportion of the bacteria is random.
The compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is 9:1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is 2.5: 1.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 4
An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the particle size of the powder of the organic component is 180 meshes;
the organic component is powdery organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 180 parts of fermented poultry manure, 70 parts of fermented cow manure, 70 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 70 parts of beer residue, 18 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 28 parts of composite biological enzyme and 18 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of ammonium phosphate, 18 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 6 parts of magnesium phosphate, 10 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 15 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 78 percent.
Wherein, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry manure with a leaven uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leaven is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry manure, adding mushroom residues, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 28: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 56% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 3 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Wherein, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing the dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, adding mushroom residues, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 28: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 58% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 3.2 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
The silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, the addition amount of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is 8 percent of that of the silkworm excrement, and the mass ratio of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is arbitrary;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g, and the proportion of the bacteria is random.
The compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is 9:1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is 2.8: 1.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 5
An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops comprises an organic component and an inorganic component, wherein the particle size of the powder of the organic component is 200 meshes;
the organic component is powdery organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 200 parts of fermented poultry manure, 80 parts of fermented cow manure, 80 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 80 parts of beer residue, 20 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 30 parts of composite biological enzyme and 20 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12 parts of ammonium phosphate, 20 parts of potassium nitrate, 6 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 8 parts of magnesium phosphate, 12 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 18 parts of boron fertilizer.
Wherein, the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 80 percent.
Wherein, the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry manure with a leaven uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leaven is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry manure, mushroom residues are added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
Wherein, the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, adding mushroom residues, and adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be 30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
The silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five per thousand of the weight of the silkworm excrement, bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, and the addition amount of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp is 10 percent of that of the silkworm excrement;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
The composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g, and the proportion of the bacteria is random.
The compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is 10:1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is 3: 1.
The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the crops comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
In order to better illustrate the beneficial effects of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops, the invention carries out field test, wherein the crops in the field test are corns, and the variety is firstly corn 335.
1. The basic situation of the test plot, namely a gentle slope land and medium fertility, and the corn density is 4000-.
2. Experimental grouping and fertilizer application mode:
2.1 test plots total 7 mu, divided into 7 areas, each area 1 mu, corresponding to test groups 1-5 and control groups 1 and 2, respectively.
2.2 Experimental group: the organic-inorganic compound fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 5 were applied.
2.3 control group:
the compound fertilizer applied to the control group 1 is the same as that in example 1 without adding compound biological enzyme according to example 3;
the control group 2 is applied with other compound fertilizers, the total effective component content of which is N + P2O5+k2O＝35％，N:P2O5:k2The mass ratio of O to organic matter is 12:8:10, and the mass ratio of the organic matter is 18%.
2.4 fertilizer application mode: hole application or strip application, the amount of seed manure is 2-5 kg, and fertilizer seeds are separated; the deep fertilizing is better, and the depth is preferably 10 cm to 15 cm.
Topdressing comprises four topdressing periods, namely seedling fertilizer, stalk fertilizer, spike fertilizer and grain fertilizer, and the following two periods are taken as key points:
stalk fertilizer: the dressing is carried out within 10 days after the jointing, and the effects of promoting the stem growth and promoting the young ear differentiation are achieved. 1/3 of the nitrogen fertilizer in the top dressing is used as a pulling and fertilizer saving fertilizer, and the distance between the fertilizer and the seedlings is 5 cm-7 cm by combining with the shovel.
Ear fertilization: the residual nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the large-horn period of 10-15 days before the corn is castrated.
2.5 analysis of results:
2.5.1 soil nutrient test after fertilizer application, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 soil nutrient content and test results:
2.5.2 the effect of the inorganic compound fertilizer on the corn yield is achieved.
Table 2 comparison of fertilizer application effects of the experimental group and the control group.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative examples, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent claim, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art will be able to make the description as a whole, and the embodiments may be appropriately combined to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops is characterized in that:
the compound fertilizer comprises an organic component and an inorganic component,
the organic component is a powdery organic fertilizer and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 100-200 parts of fermented poultry manure, 50-80 parts of fermented cow manure, 50-80 parts of fermented silkworm excrement, 50-80 parts of beer residue, 10-20 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 20-30 parts of composite biological enzyme and 10-20 parts of humic acid raw powder,
the inorganic unit is a granular inorganic fertilizer and comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of ammonium phosphate, 12-20 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of calcium metaphosphate, 3-8 parts of magnesium phosphate, 8-12 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate and 12-18 parts of boron fertilizer.
2. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the content of the matrix in the humic acid raw powder is 70-80%.
3. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the poultry manure fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing the poultry excrement with a leavening agent uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is two ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry excrement, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50-60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2-4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the poultry manure is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature is raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the poultry manure is further loosened at the high temperature and turned over again, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the manure, and the fermented poultry manure has a faint fragrance after biological fermentation.
4. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cow dung fermentation adopts a harmless fermentation treatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: uniformly mixing dry cow dung with a leavening agent, wherein the addition amount of the leavening agent is five ten-thousandth of the wet weight of the poultry dung, one of straw, straws or mushroom residues is added, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to be 25-30: 1, adjusting the pH value to 6-8;
s2: adjusting the water content of the excrement to 50-60% in the fermentation process;
s3: constructing a fermentation pile, wherein the height of the fermentation pile is 1.5m, the width of the fermentation pile is 2 meters, and the length of the fermentation pile is 2-4 meters; covering the upper layer with semi-wet straw, stacking the fermentation pile loosely, punching holes on the fermentation pile, and keeping the air inside the fermentation pile to circulate;
s4: after the cow dung is piled up for 48 hours, the temperature can be raised to 50-60 ℃, the first pile turning is carried out, the temperature can reach more than 65 ℃ in the third day, the cow dung is further loosened at the high temperature and then turned over once, the fermentation is completed when the materials are completely free of the odor of the cow dung, and the fermented cow dung has a light fragrance after biological fermentation.
5. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the silkworm excrement fermentation method comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing silkworm excrement and a starter bacteria solution uniformly, wherein the addition amount of the starter bacteria solution is five thousandth of the weight of the silkworm excrement, and bean dregs, wheat bran, rice bran and bean pulp are added, and the addition amounts of the bean dregs, the wheat bran, the rice bran and the bean pulp are 5-10% of the silkworm excrement;
s2: covering the mixed silkworm excrement with a plastic film, and placing the film at a wind-sheltered position to avoid direct solar radiation;
s3: fermenting for 5-7 days at normal temperature.
6. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composite microbial inoculum comprises actinomycetes, azotobacter, silicate bacteria, bacillus subtilis, paenibacillus polymyxa, trichoderma, saccharomycetes and photosynthetic bacteria, wherein the effective viable bacteria amount is more than or equal to 80 hundred million/g.
7. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the compound biological enzyme is a double-enzyme compound enzyme preparation and comprises metalloenzyme main enzyme and non-metalloenzyme coenzyme, wherein the metalloenzyme is protease of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, molybdenum, chlorine, nickel and chromium, the non-metalloenzyme is vitamin B group and polycarbonase, the addition amount of the main enzyme and the coenzyme is (8-10): 1, and the mass ratio of the vitamin B group to the polycarbonase is (2-3): 1.
8. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the particle size of the organic component powder is 100-200 meshes.
9. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for crops as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing fermented poultry manure, fermented cow manure, fermented silkworm excrement, beer residue, a composite microbial inoculum, composite biological enzyme and humic acid raw powder according to the mass ratio, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing;
s2, preparing granular substances of ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium metaphosphate, magnesium phosphate, zinc sulfate monohydrate and boric fertilizer according to the mass ratio;
s3, mixing the organic component and the inorganic component uniformly, and pressing into rod-shaped particles to obtain the required organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
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| CN113173827A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-07-27 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Pigeon manure source carbon-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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