CN112729076B - Auxiliary tool for detecting hole perpendicularity and method for detecting hole perpendicularity - Google Patents
Auxiliary tool for detecting hole perpendicularity and method for detecting hole perpendicularity Download PDFInfo
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- CN112729076B CN112729076B CN202011361556.5A CN202011361556A CN112729076B CN 112729076 B CN112729076 B CN 112729076B CN 202011361556 A CN202011361556 A CN 202011361556A CN 112729076 B CN112729076 B CN 112729076B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane detection, in particular to a hole perpendicularity detection auxiliary tool and a hole perpendicularity detection method, which comprise a hole positioning support mechanism and a flange distance piece; the fixed-hole support mechanism comprises a central rotating body and an adjusting device; the middle of the central rotating body is axially provided with a positioning jack, and the side surface of the central rotating body is circumferentially provided with three groups of link mechanisms at equal intervals. This technical scheme is through putting into waiting to examine the hole with deciding hole gimbal mechanism, adjust the body through rotating, can make deciding the radial expansion of hole gimbal mechanism, specifically control three link mechanisms of group and extend along the radial synchronization of the three difference of central rotator respectively, utilize three link mechanism's of group cooperation, realize deciding hole gimbal mechanism self-adaptation and waiting to examine the pore structure, establish reliable location jack for flange distance piece, the principle is simple, high durability and convenient use, under the condition that keeps location jack aperture, utilize the great flexible scope that link mechanism has, the suitability of this technical scheme of increase is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane detection, in particular to an auxiliary tool for detecting hole perpendicularity and a method for detecting hole perpendicularity.
Background
With the continuous development of aviation field, in order to avoid the potential safety hazard to the utmost extent, must carry out strict detection to each item parameter of aircraft, wherein just including the straightness that hangs down to the work piece hole detects. The hole making is a basic process for establishing a connection relation among most workpieces in the field of aircraft manufacturing, the perpendicularity of the hole directly affects the installation strength among the workpieces, the stability of a connection structure among the workpieces can be affected, and the assembly quality of the aircraft is further seriously affected, so that a method for detecting the perpendicularity of the hole with high quality and high efficiency is needed.
The existing hole verticality inspection methods mainly comprise two methods, one method is to use a three-coordinate measuring machine and other digital equipment for measurement, the method is generally suitable for numerical control parts, although the measurement precision is high, the method has certain limitation on a detection object, the structure, the size and the like of the detection object are very critical, and the method is difficult to be applied to large and/or complex-structure workpieces; the second method is a flange plate measurement, which can be used for complex and/or large workpieces, but because it relies on the positioning of the hole to be measured (positioning is achieved by clearance fit with the hole to be measured), its applicability is limited by the aperture, and it is not particularly suitable for holes with large apertures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an auxiliary tool for detecting the verticality of a hole and a method for detecting the verticality of the hole aiming at the hole with a large aperture, and has the characteristics of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenience in use and strong applicability.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the straightness appurtenance that hangs down in hole, its characterized in that: comprises a fixed hole bracket mechanism and a flange distance piece; the fixed-hole support mechanism comprises a central rotating body and an adjusting device; the middle of the central rotating body is axially provided with a positioning jack, the side surface of the central rotating body is circumferentially provided with three groups of link mechanisms at equal intervals, each group of link mechanisms is provided with a hole wall binding surface, and the hole wall binding surface is parallel to the central shaft of the positioning jack; the adjusting device is arranged on one group of the link mechanisms and is used for controlling the three groups of the link mechanisms to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body respectively so as to ensure that all hole wall binding surfaces are tightly bound with the hole wall of the hole to be detected; the flange distance piece comprises a flange disc and a positioning cylinder in clearance fit with the positioning insertion holes, and the positioning cylinder and the flange disc are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected. The principle is as follows: the positioning jack with a small aperture is created inside the hole to be measured by utilizing the hole-fixing support mechanism, and the function of the hole-fixing support mechanism which is self-adaptive to the structure of the hole to be measured is utilized, so that the central shaft of the positioning jack is coincided with the axis of the hole to be measured, the perpendicularity of the positioning jack and a workpiece is the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured and the workpiece, therefore, the flange distance piece can realize positioning by relying on the positioning jack, and the perpendicularity of the hole to be measured can be obtained by measuring the perpendicularity of the positioning hole. Wherein, the principle that the fixed-hole support mechanism realizes the self-adaptive hole structure to be measured is: after the hole-fixing support mechanism is placed in a hole to be measured, the adjusting device is adjusted to deform the link mechanism where the adjusting device is located, the link mechanism deforms to drive the corresponding structure on the central rotating body to rotate, other two groups of link mechanisms deform under the action of the central rotating body in the same way as the link mechanism where the adjusting device is located, namely, the three groups of link mechanisms synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body respectively until the joint surface of the hole wall is tightly jointed with the hole wall of the hole to be measured, namely, the hole-fixing support mechanism realizes the self-adaptive function of the hole structure to be measured, at the moment, the central axis of the positioning jack is determined to be parallel to the axis of the hole to be measured due to the fact that the joint surface of the hole wall is parallel to the central axis of the positioning jack, further, under the condition that the structures of the three groups of link mechanisms are the same, the distances from the three joint surfaces to the central axis of the positioning jack are equal, so that the central axis of the positioning jack can be determined to coincide with the axis of the hole to be measured. In addition, the flange distance piece is mainly used for creating a plane (corresponding to the flange disc in the technical scheme) perpendicular to the axis of the hole to be measured, and the distance is the distance between the plane and the surface of the workpiece.
Preferably, the central rotating body comprises a central connecting shaft, a first rotating body and a second rotating body, the positioning insertion hole is formed in the central connecting shaft, and the central connecting shaft is arranged at the axle centers of the first rotating body and the second rotating body; the first rotating body and the second rotating body are arranged in an up-and-down overlapping mode and are respectively and fixedly connected with the central connecting shaft piece in the axial direction, furthermore, the central connecting shaft piece is a shaft sleeve with a central hole, and the central hole is the positioning insertion hole.
Preferably, the connecting rod mechanism comprises a connecting rod I, a connecting rod II, a connecting rod III and a connecting rod IV; the connecting rod I is arranged along the radial direction of the first rotating body, and the head end of the connecting rod I is fixedly connected with the first rotating body; the connecting rod IV is arranged along the radial direction of the second rotating body, and the tail end of the connecting rod IV is fixedly connected with the second rotating body; the connecting rod II is positioned below the connecting rod I, and the head end of the connecting rod II is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I; the connecting rod III is positioned above the connecting rod II and the connecting rod IV, the head end of the connecting rod III is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod II, and the tail end of the connecting rod III is hinged with the head end of the connecting rod IV; the head end of the connecting rod III and the tail end of the connecting rod II are matched to form the hole wall binding surface, specifically, the hole wall binding surface is formed by splicing the head end surface of the connecting rod III and the tail end surface of the connecting rod II, the height of the hole wall binding surface is the sum of the thicknesses of the head end of the connecting rod III and the tail end of the connecting rod II, the smoothness of the hole wall binding surface can directly influence the accuracy of the coincidence of a positioning jack central shaft and an axis of a hole to be measured, in order to ensure that the hole wall binding surface keeps smooth in the deformation period of the connecting rod mechanism, namely, the hole wall binding surface does not generate step difference due to the relative rotation of the connecting rod III and the connecting rod II, the head end of the connecting rod III and the tail end of the connecting rod II both adopt semi-cylindrical structures with the same radius, the cambered surfaces of the semi-cylindrical structures are the cambered surfaces of the head end of the connecting rod III and the tail end of the connecting rod II respectively correspond to the cambered surfaces of the corresponding semi-cylindrical structures, the thicknesses of the head end of the connecting rod III and the tail end of the connecting rod II respectively correspond to the heights of the corresponding semi-cylindrical structures, the height of the hole wall binding surface is the sum of the heights of the two semicylinders, and the center shaft of the positioning jack can be ensured to be superposed with the axis of the hole to be detected with high precision under the condition that the hole wall binding surface meets a certain height requirement.
The first rotating body and the second rotating body are two annular parts, preferably, the first rotating body and the second rotating body are identical in structure, two bearing parts with the same type can be adopted, each bearing part comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and a ball mechanism located in the inner ring, a shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with the inner ring, a connecting rod I and a connecting rod IV are fixedly connected with the outer ring, and further, the lengths of the connecting rod I, the connecting rod II, the connecting rod III and the connecting rod IV are equal.
Furthermore, the adjusting device comprises an adjusting screw rod, a limiting base and an adjusting body provided with a spiral through hole; the limiting base is arranged above the connecting rod I and hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I, and a smooth through hole is formed in the limiting base; one end of the adjusting screw rod is positioned above the connecting rod III and is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod III; the other end of the adjusting screw rod penetrates through the smooth through hole and is in threaded connection with the adjusting body through the spiral through hole. It should be noted that the articulation between the adjusting screw and the connecting rod iii and the articulation between the limiting base and the connecting rod i are mainly for adapting the adjusting device to the deformation of the connecting rod mechanism, specifically, the connecting rod ii, the connecting rod iii and the screw are matched to form an isosceles triangle, when the connecting rod mechanism extends, the vertex angle formed by the matching of the connecting rod ii and the connecting rod iii decreases, the base angle formed by the matching of the connecting rod iii and the adjusting screw increases, correspondingly, the included angle between the connecting rod i and the connecting rod iv gradually decreases along with the extension of the connecting rod mechanism, further, the included angle between the adjusting screw and the connecting rod i increases, to meet the aforementioned movement conditions, the articulation between the adjusting device and the connecting rod mechanism is adopted, wherein the articulation of the limiting base is for keeping the smooth through hole coaxial with the adjusting bolt, so that the limiting base smoothly moves on the adjusting screw.
Preferably, adjust body and spacing base axial fixity and be connected, specifically, the spiral perforation sets up with smooth perforation is coaxial, adjusts the body and can use self center pin as the axle center on spacing base, does circumference rotary motion, if this alright through the rotation regulation body, makes three link mechanism extend smoothly or shrink.
The perpendicularity detection method of the hole is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of installing a fixed hole support mechanism, placing a flange distance piece, collecting parameters and calculating results;
the mounting fixed hole support mechanism comprises: adjusting the extension length of the link mechanisms according to the size of the hole to be measured, then placing the hole-fixing support mechanism into the hole to be measured, rotating the adjusting body to enable the three groups of link mechanisms to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body respectively until the pore wall binding surfaces of the three groups of link mechanisms are tightly bound with the pore wall of the hole to be measured, and the central shaft of the positioning jack is superposed with the actual axis of the hole to be measured, thereby completing the self-adaptive installation of the hole-fixing support mechanism in the hole to be measured;
placing a flange distance piece: inserting the positioning cylinder into the positioning jack, and enabling the positioning cylinder to be in clearance fit with the positioning jack;
the parameter acquisition: the method comprises the steps of collecting the diameter L of a flange plate, the thickness H of a workpiece corresponding to a hole to be measured and the difference Q between the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap delta min between a flange disc and the surface of the workpiece;
the calculation result is as follows: and putting the collected parameters into a formula X ^ Q ^ H/L, and calculating the verticality to be measured.
Preferably, during the parameter acquisition, a taper feeler gauge is used to measure the maximum gap δ max and the minimum gap between the flange disc and the workpiece surface.
Preferably, in the process of placing the flange distance piece, the method further comprises adjusting the flange disc to enable the flange disc to be in contact with the surface of the workpiece, and in the process of acquiring the parameters, the minimum gap δ min =0 is set, and only the maximum gap δ max between the flange disc and the surface of the workpiece needs to be measured.
The beneficial effect that this technical scheme brought:
1) simple structure, cost of manufacture are low: according to the technical scheme, a fixed-hole support mechanism is arranged to establish a positioning condition for a flange distance piece, the fixed-hole support mechanism adopts the principle that a central rotating body is combined with three groups of connecting rod mechanisms, and the three groups of connecting rod mechanisms are easily in synchronous linkage by the cooperation of an adjusting device, so that the structure is simple; in addition, the connecting rod mechanism mainly comprises four connecting rods, the central rotating body mainly comprises a central connecting shaft piece and two rotating bodies, the adjusting device mainly comprises an adjusting screw rod, a limiting base, an adjusting body and the like, materials are convenient to obtain, and the adjusting screw rod, the limiting base and the adjusting body are all low-cost parts, so that the manufacturing cost of the technical scheme is low;
2) the use is convenient: according to the technical scheme, the hole-fixing support mechanism is placed in a hole to be measured, the hole-fixing support mechanism can be radially expanded by rotating the adjusting body, specifically, three groups of connecting rod machines are controlled to respectively extend synchronously along three different radial directions of the central rotating body, the hole-fixing support mechanism is self-adaptive to the hole structure to be measured by utilizing the matching of the three groups of connecting rod mechanisms, and a reliable positioning jack is established for a flange distance piece, so that the reliability is achieved, the central axis of the specific positioning jack is overlapped with the axis height of the hole to be measured, and further, the technical scheme is simple in principle and convenient to use;
3) the applicability is strong: the technical scheme is that a hole verticality detection auxiliary tool is designed for a large-aperture hole to be detected, specifically, a fixed hole support mechanism is arranged, a positioning jack with a fixed aperture is established in the hole to be detected, and under the condition that the aperture of the positioning jack is kept, the technical scheme is suitable for the holes to be detected with various apertures by utilizing the larger telescopic range of a connecting rod mechanism;
4) the measurement accuracy is high: based on the function of the self-adaptation to-be-measured hole structure of the fixed hole support mechanism in the technical scheme, the central shaft of the to-be-measured hole can be overlapped with the axis height of the to-be-measured hole, and the positioning jack establishes a reliable radial positioning function for the flange distance piece, so that the acquired data are more accurate, and the calculated perpendicularity of the to-be-measured hole is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present technical solution in a use state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the fixed hole supporting mechanism in a mounted state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a split structure of the fixed-hole support mechanism;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of the position-limiting base;
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of the adjustment body;
in the figure:
1. a fixed-bore support mechanism; 1.1, a central rotator; 1.1.1, a central connecting shaft piece; 1.1.2, a first rotating body; 1.1.3, a second rotating body; 1.1.4, positioning the jack; 1.2, adjusting the device; 1.2.1, adjusting a screw rod; 1.2.2, a limit base; 1.2.3, adjusting the body; 1.2.4, smooth perforation; 1.2.5, performing spiral perforation; 1.3, a link mechanism; 1.3.1, a connecting rod I; 1.3.2, connecting rod II; 1.3.3, connecting rod III; 1.3.4, a connecting rod IV; 1.4, a hole wall binding surface; 2. a flange spacer; 2.1, flange disc; 2.2, positioning a cylinder; 3. a workpiece surface; 4. a hole to be tested; 4.1, hole wall; 5. a conical feeler gauge.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the drawings and examples, but it should not be understood that the invention is limited to the examples below, and variations and modifications in the field of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses an auxiliary tool for detecting the verticality of a hole, which is a basic embodiment of the invention and comprises a fixed hole support mechanism 1 and a flange distance piece 2; the fixed-hole support mechanism 1 comprises a central rotator 1.1 and an adjusting device 1.2; a positioning jack 1.1.4 is axially arranged in the middle of the central rotating body 1.1, three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 are circumferentially arranged on the side surface of the central rotating body 1.1 at equal intervals, a hole wall binding surface 1.4 is arranged on each group of link mechanisms 1.3, and the hole wall binding surfaces 1.4 are parallel to the central axis of the positioning jack 1.1.4; the adjusting device 1.2 is arranged on one group of the link mechanisms 1.3 and is used for controlling the three groups of the link mechanisms 1.3 to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body 1.1 respectively so as to enable all hole wall binding surfaces 1.4 to be tightly bound with the hole walls 4.1 of the holes 4 to be detected; the flange distance piece 2 comprises a flange disc 2.1 and a positioning cylinder 2.2 which is used for being in clearance fit with the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4, and the positioning cylinder 2.2 is coaxially arranged with the flange disc 2.1 and is fixedly connected with the flange disc 2.1.
In the implementation process of the technical scheme, firstly, the extension length of a link mechanism 1.3 is adjusted according to the size of a hole 4 to be measured, specifically, when the radial expansion area of a fixed hole support mechanism 1 is larger than the cross-sectional area of the hole 4 to be measured, the fixed hole support mechanism 1 cannot be placed into the hole 4 to be measured, an adjusting device 1.2 is adjusted to shrink three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 to reduce the radial expansion area of the fixed hole support mechanism 1, then the fixed hole support mechanism 1 is placed into the hole 4 to be measured, an adjusting body 1.2.3 is rotated to synchronously extend the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 along three different radial directions of a central rotator 1.1 until the joint surfaces 1.4 of the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 are tightly jointed with the hole wall 4.1 of the hole 4 to be measured, the central axis of a positioning jack 1.1.4 is superposed with the actual axis of the hole 4 to be measured, namely, the self-adaptive installation of the fixed hole support mechanism 1 in the hole 4 to be measured is completed, and then a positioning cylinder 2.2 is inserted into the positioning jack 1.1.4, the positioning cylinder 2.2 is in clearance fit with the positioning jack 1.1.4, relevant data including the diameter L of the flange plate, the thickness H of the workpiece corresponding to the hole 4 to be measured, the maximum clearance delta max and the minimum clearance delta min between the flange disc 2.1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece are collected, the collected parameters are put into a formula X: = (delta max-delta min) Q × H/L, and the perpendicularity-to-be-measured is calculated. The technical scheme is that a hole verticality detection auxiliary tool is designed for a large-aperture hole to be detected 4, specifically, a fixed hole support mechanism 1 is arranged, a positioning jack 1.1.4 with a fixed aperture is established in the hole to be detected 4, and under the condition that the aperture of the positioning jack 1.1.4 is kept, the technical scheme is suitable for the holes to be detected 4 with various apertures by utilizing the larger telescopic range of a connecting rod mechanism 1.3, and further, in the field of the large-aperture hole to be detected 4, the technical scheme is slightly limited by the aperture, so that the technical scheme has strong applicability; in addition, through rotating the adjusting body 1.2.3, can make the fixed hole gimbal mechanism 1 radially expand, specifically control three groups of link mechanisms and extend along the radial synchronization of three differences of central rotator 1.1 respectively, utilize the cooperation of three groups of link mechanisms 1.3, realize fixed hole gimbal mechanism 1 self-adaptation and wait to detect the hole 4 structure, establish reliable location jack 1.1.4 for flange distance piece 2, so-called reliable, specifically the center pin of appointed location jack 1.1.4 highly coincides with the axis of the hole 4 that awaits measuring, further, this technical scheme principle is simple, convenient to use.
Example 2
The present embodiment discloses an auxiliary tool for detecting hole perpendicularity, which is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, that is, in embodiment 1, a central rotating body 1.1 includes a central connecting shaft 1.1.1, a first rotating body 1.1.2 and a second rotating body 1.1.3, the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4 is disposed on the central connecting shaft 1.1.1, and the central connecting shaft 1.1.1 is disposed at the axial center of the first rotating body 1.1.2 and the second rotating body 1.1.3; the first rotating body 1.1.2 and the second rotating body 1.1.3 are overlapped up and down and are respectively and fixedly connected with the central connecting shaft piece 1.1.1 in the axial direction; further, the central connecting shaft piece 1.1.1 is a shaft sleeve with a central hole, and the central hole is the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4; the connecting rod mechanism 1.3 comprises a connecting rod I1.3.1, a connecting rod II 1.3.2, a connecting rod III 1.3.3 and a connecting rod IV 1.3.4; the connecting rod I1.3.1 is arranged along the radial direction of the first rotating body 1.1.2, and the head end of the connecting rod I1.3.1 is fixedly connected with the first rotating body 1.1.2; the connecting rod IV 1.3.4 is arranged along the radial direction of the second rotating body 1.1.3, and the tail end of the connecting rod IV 1.3.4 is fixedly connected with the second rotating body 1.1.3; the connecting rod II 1.3.2 is positioned below the connecting rod I1.3.1, and the head end of the connecting rod II 1.3.2 is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I1.3.1; the connecting rod III 1.3.3 is positioned above the connecting rod II 1.3.2 and the connecting rod IV 1.3.4, the head end of the connecting rod III 1.3.3 is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod II 1.3.2, and the tail end of the connecting rod III 1.3.3 is hinged with the head end of the connecting rod IV 1.3.4; the head end of the connecting rod III 1.3.3 is matched with the tail end of the connecting rod II 1.3.2 to form the hole wall binding surface 1.4; the first rotating body 1.1.2 and the second rotating body 1.1.3 have the same structure, and the lengths of the connecting rod I1.3.1, the connecting rod II 1.3.2, the connecting rod III 1.3.3 and the connecting rod IV 1.3.4 are equal. The adjusting device 1.2 comprises an adjusting screw 1.2.1, a limiting base 1.2.2 and an adjusting body 1.2.3 provided with a spiral through hole 1.2.5; the limiting base 1.2.2 is arranged above the connecting rod I1.3.1 and is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I1.3.1, and a smooth through hole 1.2.4 is formed in the limiting base 1.2.2; one end of the adjusting screw rod 1.2.1 is positioned above the connecting rod III 1.3.3 and is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod III 1.3.3; the other end of the adjusting screw rod 1.2.1 penetrates through the smooth through hole 1.2.4 and is in spiral connection with the adjusting body 1.2.3 through the spiral through hole 1.2.5; furthermore, the adjusting body 1.2.3 is axially fixedly connected with the limiting base 1.2.2.
In the use process of the technical scheme, the adjusting body 1.2.3 rotates on the adjusting screw rod 1.2.1 by rotating the adjusting body 1.2.3, the distance between the outer end of the connecting rod I1.3.1 and the head end of the connecting rod IV 1.3.4 is reduced, the connecting rod mechanism 1.3 extends along the radial direction of the central rotating body 1.1, the included angle between the connecting rod I1.3.1 and the connecting rod IV 1.3.4 is gradually reduced, so that the first rotating body 1.1.2 and the second rotating body 1.1.3 rotate relatively, further, the other two groups of connecting rod mechanisms 1.3 generate corresponding deformation in the relative rotation process of the first rotating body 1.1.2 and the second rotating body 1.1.3, and thus synchronous extension of the three groups of connecting rod mechanisms 1.3 is realized. According to the technical scheme, a positioning condition is established for a flange distance piece 2 by arranging a fixed-hole support mechanism 1, the fixed-hole support mechanism 1 adopts the principle that a central rotating body 1.1 is combined with three groups of link mechanisms 1.3, and the coordination of an adjusting device 1.2 is added, so that the synchronous linkage of the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 is easily realized, and the composition structure is simple; in addition, the link mechanism 1.3 mainly comprises four connecting rods, the central rotating body 1.1 mainly comprises a central connecting shaft piece 1.1.1 and two rotating bodies, the adjusting device 1.2 mainly comprises an adjusting screw 1.2.1, a limiting base 1.2.2, an adjusting body 1.2.3 and the like, the materials are convenient to obtain, and the parts are low-cost parts, so that the manufacturing cost of the technical scheme is low; in addition, based on the function of the self-adaptation hole 4 structure to be measured of the fixed-hole support mechanism 1 in the technical scheme, the center shaft of the hole 4 to be measured can be highly overlapped with the axis of the hole 4 to be measured, and the positioning insertion holes 1.1.4 establish a reliable radial positioning function for the flange distance piece 2, so that the acquired data are more accurate, and the calculated verticality of the hole 4 to be measured is more accurate.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a hole perpendicularity detection method, which is suitable for a hole 4 to be detected with small depth, the depth of the hole 4 to be detected is small, a positioning cylinder 2.2 cannot deeply penetrate through a positioning jack 1.1.4, and a flange disc 2.1 cannot be contacted with a workpiece surface 3, and as a basic implementation scheme of the invention, the hole-positioning detection method comprises the steps of installing a hole-positioning support mechanism 1, placing a flange distance piece 2, collecting parameters and calculating results;
installing a fixed hole support mechanism 1: adjusting the extension length of the link mechanism 1.3 according to the size of the hole 4 to be measured, then placing the hole-fixing support mechanism 1 into the hole 4 to be measured, rotating the adjusting body 1.2.3 to enable the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body 1.1 respectively until the hole wall binding surfaces 1.4 of the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 are tightly bound with the hole wall 4.1 of the hole 4 to be measured, and the central shaft of the positioning jack 1.1.4 is superposed with the actual axis of the hole 4 to be measured, thus completing the self-adaptive installation of the hole-fixing support mechanism 1 in the hole 4 to be measured;
placing a flange distance piece 2: inserting the positioning cylinder 2.2 into the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4 to enable the positioning cylinder 2.2 to be in clearance fit with the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4;
parameter acquisition: the method comprises the steps of collecting the diameter L of a flange plate, the thickness H of a workpiece corresponding to a hole 4 to be measured, and the difference Q between the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap delta min between a flange disc 2.1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece, wherein the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap delta min between the flange disc 2.1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece are measured by adopting a taper feeler gauge;
and (3) calculating the result: and putting the collected parameters into a formula X ^ Q ^ H/L, and calculating the verticality to be measured.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a hole perpendicularity detection method, which is suitable for a hole 4 to be detected with a large depth, wherein the hole 4 to be detected has a large depth, a positioning cylinder 2.2 can deeply penetrate through a positioning jack 1.1.4, and the surface 3 of a flange disc 2.1 workpiece is further contacted;
installing a fixed hole support mechanism 1: adjusting the extension length of the link mechanism 1.3 according to the size of the hole 4 to be measured, then placing the hole-fixing support mechanism 1 into the hole 4 to be measured, rotating the adjusting body 1.2.3 to enable the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body 1.1 respectively until the hole wall binding surfaces 1.4 of the three groups of link mechanisms 1.3 are tightly bound with the hole wall 4.1 of the hole 4 to be measured, and the central shaft of the positioning jack 1.1.4 is superposed with the actual axis of the hole 4 to be measured, thus completing the self-adaptive installation of the hole-fixing support mechanism 1 in the hole 4 to be measured;
placing a flange distance piece 2: inserting the positioning cylinder 2.2 into the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4, enabling the positioning cylinder 2.2 to be in clearance fit with the positioning insertion hole 1.1.4, adjusting the flange disc 2.1, and enabling the flange disc 2.1 to be in contact with the surface 3 of the workpiece;
parameter acquisition: the method comprises the steps of collecting the diameter L of a flange plate, the thickness H of a workpiece corresponding to a hole 4 to be measured, and the difference Q between the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap delta min between a flange disc 2.1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece, wherein the minimum gap delta min =0, and only the maximum gap delta max between the flange disc 2.1 and the surface 3 of the workpiece needs to be measured;
and (3) calculating the result: and putting the collected parameters into a formula X ^ Q ^ H/L, and calculating the verticality to be measured.
Claims (10)
1. The straightness appurtenance that hangs down in hole, its characterized in that: comprises a fixed hole bracket mechanism (1) and a flange distance piece (2);
the fixed-hole support mechanism (1) comprises a central rotating body (1.1) and an adjusting device (1.2); the middle of the central rotating body (1.1) is axially provided with a positioning jack (1.1.4), the side surface of the central rotating body (1.1) is circumferentially provided with three groups of link mechanisms (1.3) at equal intervals, each group of link mechanisms (1.3) is provided with a hole wall binding surface (1.4), and the hole wall binding surfaces (1.4) are parallel to the central shaft of the positioning jack (1.1.4); the adjusting device (1.2) is arranged on one group of the link mechanisms (1.3) and is used for controlling the three groups of the link mechanisms (1.3) to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of the central rotating body (1.1) respectively so as to enable all hole wall binding surfaces (1.4) to be tightly bound with the hole walls (4.1) of the holes (4) to be detected;
the flange distance piece (2) comprises a flange disc (2.1) and a positioning cylinder (2.2) in clearance fit with the positioning insertion hole (1.1.4), wherein the positioning cylinder (2.2) and the flange disc (2.1) are coaxially arranged and fixedly connected with the flange disc (2.1).
2. The verticality detection auxiliary tool for holes according to claim 1, wherein: the central rotating body (1.1) comprises a central connecting shaft piece (1.1.1), a first rotating body (1.1.2) and a second rotating body (1.1.3), the positioning insertion holes (1.1.4) are formed in the central connecting shaft piece (1.1.1), and the central connecting shaft piece (1.1.1) is arranged at the axle centers of the first rotating body (1.1.2) and the second rotating body (1.1.3); the first rotating body (1.1.2) and the second rotating body (1.1.3) are arranged in an up-and-down overlapping mode and are respectively and fixedly connected with the central connecting shaft piece (1.1.1) in the axial direction.
3. The verticality detection auxiliary tool for holes according to claim 2, wherein: the central connecting shaft piece (1.1.1) is a shaft sleeve with a central hole, and the central hole is the positioning insertion hole (1.1.4).
4. The verticality detection auxiliary tool for holes according to claim 2, wherein: the connecting rod mechanism (1.3) comprises a connecting rod I (1.3.1), a connecting rod II (1.3.2), a connecting rod III (1.3.3) and a connecting rod IV (1.3.4); the connecting rod I (1.3.1) is arranged along the radial direction of the first rotating body (1.1.2), and the head end of the connecting rod I (1.3.1) is fixedly connected with the first rotating body (1.1.2); the connecting rod IV (1.3.4) is arranged along the radial direction of the second rotating body (1.1.3), and the tail end of the connecting rod IV (1.3.4) is fixedly connected with the second rotating body (1.1.3); the connecting rod II (1.3.2) is positioned below the connecting rod I (1.3.1), and the head end of the connecting rod II (1.3.2) is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I (1.3.1); the connecting rod III (1.3.3) is positioned above the connecting rod II (1.3.2) and the connecting rod IV (1.3.4), the head end of the connecting rod III (1.3.3) is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod II (1.3.2), and the tail end of the connecting rod III (1.3.3) is hinged with the head end of the connecting rod IV (1.3.4); the head end of the connecting rod III (1.3.3) is matched with the tail end of the connecting rod II (1.3.2) to form the hole wall binding surface (1.4).
5. The verticality detection auxiliary tool for holes according to claim 4, wherein: the structure of the first rotating body (1.1.2) is the same as that of the second rotating body (1.1.3), and the length of the connecting rod I (1.3.1), the length of the connecting rod II (1.3.2), the length of the connecting rod III (1.3.3) and the length of the connecting rod IV (1.3.4) are equal.
6. The verticality detection auxiliary tool for holes according to claim 4, wherein: the adjusting device (1.2) comprises an adjusting screw rod (1.2.1), a limiting base (1.2.2) and an adjusting body (1.2.3) provided with a spiral through hole (1.2.5); the limiting base (1.2.2) is arranged above the connecting rod I (1.3.1) and is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod I (1.3.1), and a smooth through hole (1.2.4) is formed in the limiting base (1.2.2); one end of the adjusting screw rod (1.2.1) is positioned above the connecting rod III (1.3.3) and is hinged with the tail end of the connecting rod III (1.3.3); the other end of the adjusting screw rod (1.2.1) penetrates through the smooth perforation (1.2.4) and is in spiral connection with the adjusting body (1.2.3) through the spiral perforation (1.2.5).
7. The verticality detection auxiliary tool of the hole according to claim 6, wherein: the adjusting body (1.2.3) is axially and fixedly connected with the limiting base (1.2.2).
8. The perpendicularity detection method of the hole is characterized by comprising the following steps: the device comprises a fixed-hole mounting bracket mechanism (1), a flange distance piece (2) and a parameter acquisition and calculation result;
the installation fixed hole support mechanism (1): the method comprises the steps that the extending length of a connecting rod mechanism (1.3) is adjusted according to the size of a hole (4) to be measured, then a hole-fixing support mechanism (1) is placed into the hole (4) to be measured, an adjusting body (1.2.3) is rotated, three groups of connecting rod mechanisms (1.3) are enabled to synchronously extend along three different radial directions of a central rotating body (1.1) respectively until pore wall attaching surfaces (1.4) of the three groups of connecting rod mechanisms (1.3) are closely attached to the pore wall (4.1) of the hole (4) to be measured, and a central shaft of a positioning jack (1.1.4) is coincided with an actual axis of the hole (4) to be measured, so that the hole-fixing support mechanism (1) is self-adaptively installed in the hole (4) to be measured;
the placing flange distance piece (2): inserting the positioning cylinder (2.2) into the positioning insertion hole (1.1.4) to ensure that the positioning cylinder (2.2) is in clearance fit with the positioning insertion hole (1.1.4);
the parameter acquisition: the method comprises the steps of collecting the diameter L of a flange plate, the thickness H of a workpiece corresponding to a hole (4) to be measured, and the difference Q between the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap delta min between a flange disc (2.1) and the surface (3) of the workpiece;
the calculation result is as follows: and putting the collected parameters into a formula X ^ Q ^ H/L, and calculating the verticality to be measured.
9. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of a hole according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the parameter acquisition process, a conical feeler gauge is adopted to measure the maximum gap delta max and the minimum gap between the flange disc (2.1) and the workpiece surface (3).
10. The method for detecting the perpendicularity of a hole according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the process of placing the flange distance piece (2), the method further comprises the step of adjusting the flange disc (2.1) to enable the flange disc (2.1) to be in contact with the workpiece surface (3), and in the parameter acquisition process, the minimum gap delta min =0 is set, and only the maximum gap delta max between the flange disc (2.1) and the workpiece surface (3) needs to be measured.
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