CN112725564A - Production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for heavy-duty transmission - Google Patents
Production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for heavy-duty transmission Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
- B21B37/76—Cooling control on the run-out table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/1206—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for plastic shaping of strands
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission, which comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling. According to the invention, the production cost is greatly reduced by adjusting the converter loading system and the primary smelting process and simplifying the refining mode, meanwhile, the technical problems of high oxygen content of the gear steel, difficult control of impurities, poor component uniformity, high banded structure grade, low impact toughness and the like are effectively solved, the central segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the banded structure of the finished product is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the impact energy is more than or equal to 85J.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission.
Background
The gear for the heavy-duty transmission is mainly used for important mechanical parts with high transmission power, high surface load of the gear, impact requirements and complex shapes, such as heavy-duty automobiles, tanks, railway locomotives and the like, and is a key part of complete equipment in high-end mechanical equipment industries such as automobiles, locomotives and the like due to large stress and severe service environment. The heavy-duty gear for high-end application is developed in the technical direction of high speed, precision and low noise, wherein high surface wear resistance, high bending strength of tooth root and high core impact resistance are typical technical characteristics in the development trend of gear steel in the future. It is known that high strength and high toughness are generally contradictory technical indicators in gear steel, and strength indicators such as high surface wear resistance and high tooth root bending strength are obtained by adding alloy elements such as Cr, Mo, etc. for improving hardenability, while toughness indicators such as high core impact resistance are improved by adding Ni alloy elements for enhancing toughness, and furthermore, the impact toughness is greatly affected by inclusions in gear steel.
In China, nickel resources are poor, pure materials such as nickel plates and the like are imported to a great extent, and accordingly the alloy cost of the nickel-containing gear steel occupies a very high proportion, so that a nickel-containing material adding mode with a cost advantage is imperative to be found. In addition, the gear steel double refining process can effectively solve the problems of high inclusion content, high gas content and the like, but has long production flow, short rhythm and high production cost, so the refining process is reduced by adjusting the production process under the background of excessive steel capacity, and the gear steel double refining process has very good cost control advantage and benefit expectation.
At present, domestic iron and steel enterprises generally adopt LF (ladle furnace) to be matched with RH (relative humidity) or VD (vacuum distillation) process to produce high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel, and a mode of adding a nickel plate in a converter process is generally adopted, so that the oxygen content and the grade of impurities in the gear steel can be effectively reduced by adopting a double refining process, but the overall production cost is greatly increased by prolonging the process, and the production rhythm is improved. The impact toughness of the gear steel is closely related to the nickel content, the conventional process generally adopts the mode of adding ferronickel with relatively high phosphorus content into a steel scrap hopper before blowing in a converter, the ferronickel with relatively high phosphorus content is added in the later stage of smelting, and simultaneously coke is supplemented to make up for the heat loss caused by adding cold materials. The gas content and the inclusions of the double refining are controlled under the RH or VD vacuum condition, the LF leaving station temperature is reduced by about 50-60 ℃ by adopting a single refining process compared with the double refining, the production rhythm can be reduced by about 12-18 min in consideration of reducing the heating and temperature rising time of an LF electrode, the saved production rhythm is adjusted to be the soft blowing time before the LF leaving station, so that the inclusions are more fully floated and removed, in addition, the components of the inclusions after calcium treatment are controlled in the high-calcium low-melting-point range by controlling the Als content in molten steel, and meanwhile, the slag ratio of the LF refining is adjusted, so that the inclusions are effectively removed. The oxygen content control method comprises the steps of firstly adopting a double-circular-seam top-bottom combined blowing process to control the carbon-oxygen deposit at the blowing end point to be 0.0025% or below, fishing out slag after a converter furnace to reduce the oxygen potential in top slag, adding a high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier to carry out diffusion pre-deoxidation after the converter furnace is manufactured, manufacturing high-alkalinity low-aluminum refining slag in an LF refining process, enabling various calcium aluminates generated after calcium treatment to be absorbed by the refining slag more easily, improving the soft blowing time before leaving the converter station by single refining to facilitate the smooth floating of oxide inclusions, and protecting and casting in the whole process during continuous casting so as to ensure that the oxygen content in gear steel is effectively controlled.
Chinese patent publication No. CN 106048427B discloses "nickel-containing and boron-containing pinion steel and a production method thereof", which introduces that the nickel content in steel is increased by adding a low-phosphorus nickel plate with the components of Ni + Co more than or equal to 99.2%, Co less than or equal to 0.5%, S less than or equal to 0.02% and P less than or equal to 0.02% in the later stage of blowing in a converter process, but the alloy production cost and the nickel yield are relatively high; the publication No. CN108085578B 'a special steel for automobile gears and a production process thereof' introduces a special steel for automobile gears with high obdurability and fatigue strength, but adopts a double refining process of LF and RH to ensure the technical indexes of the gear steel; the publication No. CN104775075A 'SAE 8620H gear steel and a manufacturing method thereof' introduces a gear steel production method with the nickel content of 0.40-0.70%, but the technical index of the gear steel is ensured by adopting a LF and RH double refining process.
In conclusion, how to reduce the production cost by developing and improving the converter charging system and the primary smelting process and simplifying the refining mode and effectively solving the technical problems of high oxygen content, difficult inclusion control, poor component uniformity, high banded structure grade, low impact toughness and the like of the gear steel have important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission. According to the invention, the production cost is greatly reduced by adjusting the converter loading system and the primary smelting process and simplifying the refining mode, meanwhile, the technical problems of high oxygen content, difficult control of inclusions, poor component uniformity, high banded structure grade, low impact toughness and the like of the gear steel are effectively solved, and the produced hot rolled bar can be directly used for parts such as a gear box for a heavy-duty transmission after being processed and assembled by downstream users.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling; in the LF refining process, the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5-6, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.0-3.5, and the content of ferrous oxide is less than or equal to 1.0%; the content of Als in the molten steel is controlled to be 0.008-0.015 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio is 1.0-1.5, and the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15 min. The LF refining process effectively reduces the production energy consumption and the process cost of the gear steel by adopting a single refining process, relieves the production rhythm, realizes the control of low oxygen content of the molten steel and the full floating of calcium aluminate inclusions by adjusting the process and parameters of the alkalinity, the oxygen potential, the Als content and the calcium-aluminum ratio in the molten steel, the soft blowing time and the like of the refining slag, and ensures the castability of the subsequent continuous casting process.
The converter smelting process adopts a double-slag process for smelting, slag is poured 65-80% in the process after P is not more than 0.030% in the initial dephosphorization, oxygen is supplied again to the zero position of the converter for slagging, 20-25 kg/t steel, 4-6 kg/t steel and 5-8 kg/t steel of composite slag are added, low-nickel pig iron with the phosphorus content of not more than 0.065% and the nickel content of 10-15% is added in the early stage of the smelting end point to replace a nickel plate, coke is supplemented to compensate heat loss caused by adding of a cold charge, the carbon-oxygen product at the blowing end point is controlled to be not more than 0.0025%, 2-3 kg/t steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after slag is fished out after the converter is finished, and 1.5-2.5 kg/t steel synthetic slag is refined; the composite slag materials are CaO and Al2O3The MgO mass fraction ranges are respectively 70-75%, 5-8% and 15-25%; the high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier comprises the following components: CaO, SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaF2The mass fraction ranges are 65-70%, 6-8%, 2-3%, 3-3.5% and 15-20% respectively; the refining synthetic slag comprises the following steps: CaO, SiO2、Al2O3、CaF2The mass fraction ranges are respectively 55-65%, 5-10%, 5-8% and 25-30%. In the converter smelting process, the alloy production cost of the gear steel is greatly reduced by replacing a nickel plate with ferronickel, the phosphorus increasing influence caused by alloy replacement is reduced by a double-slag method and slag skimming after the converter, and the problem of temperature loss caused by cold charge increase is solved by adding coke.
According to the continuous casting process, the whole process protects casting, and the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled to be 0.475-0.52 standard drawing speed under dynamic soft reduction5m/min, controlling a cooling water amount to be 115-125 m3The water amount of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.35-0.40 per hour per flow; and reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of the covering agent ferrous oxide is 0-0.2%, the alkalinity is 1.5-1.8, the inlet reduction rate under dynamic light pressure is 0.465-0.487 mm/m, and the outlet reduction rate is 0.143-0.167 mm/m.
In the continuous casting process, the chemical components and the mass percentage of the continuous casting billet are as follows: c: 0.20 to 0.22wt%, Si: 0.30-0.35 wt%, Mn: 1.10 to 1.15wt%, Cr: 0.68 to 0.73wt%, Mo: 0.35-0.40 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, Als: 0.008-0.015 wt%, Ni: 0.80-0.85 wt%, Cu not more than 0.10wt%, total oxygen content not more than 15ppm, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the center segregation of the casting blank is not more than 1.0 grade, the band-shaped structure is not more than 1.0 grade, and the impact energy is not less than 85J.
In the cogging procedure, a rectangular billet is heated in a heating furnace, the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1220-1250 ℃, the heating time is 180-220 min, high-pressure water dephosphorization operation is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, 4 transverse surfaces of the square billet after entering a slow cooling pit and slowly cooling for more than or equal to 24 hours are coated with high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coatings after spreading inspection; the main component SiO of the high-temperature anti-oxidation coating2、Al2O3The MgO mass fraction ranges are respectively 45-55%, 30-35% and 10-15%.
According to the heating process, the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating is heated in a heating furnace at 1180-1210 ℃ for 160-200 min, and the square billet is discharged from the furnace and then utilized for high-pressure water descaling, wherein the descaling water pressure is more than or equal to 20 MPa.
According to the rolling process, the descaled square billet is rolled by a multi-frame continuous rolling unit, the temperature is controlled to be 780-810 ℃ after the final rolling of the reducing and sizing mill unit is finished, and the rolled bar finished product is packed, discharged and slowly cooled.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the invention comprises the following steps: the center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the band-shaped structure of the finished product is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the normal-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 85J.
The invention relates to a production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission, which is referenced to GB/T13299 and an impact toughness detection method is referenced to GB/T229.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: 1. according to the converter loading system, phosphorus-rich low-nickel pig iron is adopted to replace pure metal materials such as nickel plates and the like, the phosphorus content brought by ferronickel is reduced through a converter double-slag process, coke is added at the smelting end point to make up for heat loss caused by cold material addition, and the method is high in nickel absorption rate and effectively controls the production cost. 2. The bottom-blown large circular seam process of the top-bottom combined blown converter controls the end point carbon oxygen deposit, and the oxygen content in the primary steelmaking water is reduced by matching the slag skimming process after the converter with the high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier. 3. According to the single refining process, the LF temperature rise burden is reduced, the production cost and the rhythm of the working procedure are reduced, the refining final slag is subjected to high-alkalinity high-calcium-aluminum ratio operation (the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.0-3.5, the content of ferrous oxide is less than or equal to 1.0%), the content of Als in molten steel is controlled to be 0.008-0.015%, a reasonable calcium treatment process (the calcium-aluminum ratio is 1.0-1.5), the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15min and other process adjustments, so that the oxygen content after single refining and low-melting point calcium aluminate endogenic inclusions also reach the control level of double refining. 4. The continuous casting dynamic soft reduction process and the heating furnace high-temperature diffusion process can effectively reduce the segregation of alloy elements of a casting blank, improve the uniformity and improve the banded structure. 5. The invention uses the high-temperature oxidation resistant coating to avoid the problem that the composite oxide skin is difficult to remove when the casting blank is descaled, and improves the surface quality of the hot-rolled bar. 6. The controlled rolling and controlled cooling means such as low-temperature rolling and the like enable austenite to be fully transformed to pearlite in a high-temperature section, effectively weaken the driving force for transforming residual austenite to a supercooled structure and provide guarantee for high impact toughness of a hot-rolled bar. 7. The center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than or equal to 1.0 level. 8. The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the invention comprises the following steps: the band-shaped structure of the finished product is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the impact energy is more than or equal to 85J.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double-slag process is adopted for smelting, 70% of slag is poured in the midway after the initial dephosphorization is carried out until P reaches 0.028%, the zero position of the converter is returned to be supplied with oxygen again for slagging, 21kg/t of steel, 5kg/t of steel and 6kg/t of composite slag are added with active lime, low-nickel pig iron with 0.060% of phosphorus and 12% of nickel is added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of a smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding a cold charge, the double-circular-seam top-bottom combined blowing process controls the carbon-oxygen product at a blowing end point to be 0.0021%, 2.3kg/t of steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after the slag is fished out after the converter is finished, and 1;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.6, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.2, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.8%; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.010 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.2, and the soft blowing time to be 18 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.478m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 117m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.37; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.1 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet depression rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.472mm/m, and the outlet depression rate is 0.154 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1230 ℃, the heating time is 190min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 26h, and 4 transverse surfaces are coated with high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coatings after spreading inspection;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at the temperature of 1190 ℃ for 180min, descaling the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is taken out of the furnace with high-pressure water at the pressure of 22MPa, rolling the descaled square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, controlling the temperature to be 790 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill unit is finished, and packaging, unloading and slow cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5-grade banded tissue and 88J impact energy.
Example 2
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double slag process is adopted for smelting, 75% of slag is poured in the midway after the phosphorus is initially dephosphorized to 0.025% and oxygen is supplied again to the zero position of the converter for slagging, 23kg/t of steel with active lime, 4.5kg/t of steel with magnesium balls and 7kg/t of composite slag material are added, low-nickel pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.055% and the nickel content of 13% is added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of a smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding cold materials, the double circular seam top and bottom combined blowing process controls the carbon-oxygen product at the blowing end point to be 0.0023%, 2.5kg/t of steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after the slag is fished out after the converter is finished, and 2;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.2, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.4, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.6%; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.012 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.4, and the soft blowing time to be 16 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.488m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 118m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.39; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.1 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet screw-down rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.477mm/m, and the outlet screw-down rate is 0.144 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 1.0 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1240 ℃, the heating time is 200min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 28h, and 4 transverse surfaces are coated with high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coatings after spreading inspection;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1200 ℃ for 170min, descaling the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace with high-pressure water at the descaling water pressure of 24MPa, rolling the descaled square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling mill set, controlling the temperature to be 800 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill set, packaging the rolled bar finished product, unloading and slow cooling.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5-grade banded tissue and impact energy 91J.
Example 3
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double-slag process is adopted for smelting, the slag is poured 69% midway after the initial dephosphorization is carried out until the P content reaches 0.026%, the zero position of the converter is returned to for oxygen supply and slagging again, 22kg/t steel, 4.8kg/t steel and 6.5kg/t steel of active lime, 11% nickel and low-nickel pig iron with 0.058% phosphorus content and 11% nickel content are added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of a smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding a cold charge, the blowing end point carbon-oxygen product is controlled to be 0.0018% by a double-circular seam top-bottom combined blowing process, 2.3kg/t steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modified preparation is added after the slag is fished out after the converter is completed, and 2.2 kg;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.8, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.1, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.7 percent; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.010 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.1 and the soft blowing time to be 19 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.495m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 120m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.36; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.1 percent, the alkalinity is 1.5, the inlet depression rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.482mm/m, and the outlet depression rate is 0.154 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1;casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade; (4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace at a soaking section heating temperature of 1245 ℃ for 190min, performing high-pressure water dephosphorization after heating, cogging the dephosphorized rectangular billet into a square billet, and coating 4 transverse surfaces with high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coatings after the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 30 h;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1205 ℃ for 190min, descaling the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace with high-pressure water at the descaling water pressure of 25MPa, rolling the descaled square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, controlling the temperature to 785 ℃ after the final rolling of the reducing and sizing unit is finished, and packaging, unloading and slow cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5-grade banded tissue and 87J impact energy.
Example 4
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) the converter smelting process adopts a double slag process for smelting, slag is poured 73% midway after the initial dephosphorization is carried out until the P content reaches 0.027%, oxygen is supplied again to the zero position of the converter for slagging, 24kg/t steel, 5.4kg/t steel and 7.5kg/t steel of composite slag are added with active lime, low-nickel pig iron with 0.052% of phosphorus and 14% of nickel is added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of the smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding cold charge, the blowing end point carbon-oxygen product is controlled to be 0.0021% by the double circular seam top-bottom combined blowing process, 2.7kg/t steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after the slag is fished out after the converter furnace, and 1.9kg/t steel refining synthetic slag is added;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.1, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.4, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.9%; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.012 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.4, and the soft blowing time to be 18 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, and the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.515m/minThe cold water quantity is controlled at 123m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.38; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.06%, the alkalinity is 1.7, the inlet reduction rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.467mm/m, and the outlet reduction rate is 0.163 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 1.0 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace at a soaking section heating temperature of 1225 ℃ for 195min, performing high-pressure water dephosphorization after heating, cogging the rectangular billet into a square billet after dephosphorization, and coating 4 transverse surfaces with high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coatings after the square billet is placed into a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 25 h;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at 1185 ℃ for 165min, removing scale on the surface of the square billet by using a special scale removing ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace, controlling the temperature to be 795 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill unit, packaging the rolled bar finished product, discharging the bar product, and slowly cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: band tissue 1.0 grade, impact energy 92J.
Example 5
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double-slag process is adopted for smelting, and the primary dephosphorization is carried out until the P: after 0.029 percent, pouring 77 percent of slag midway, returning to the zero position of the converter for oxygen supply again for slagging, adding 24.5kg/t of active lime steel, 4.4kg/t of magnesium ball steel and 6.2kg/t of composite slag charge steel, adding low-nickel pig iron with 0.057 percent of phosphorus and 13 percent of nickel in the early stage of the smelting end point to replace a nickel plate, supplementing coke to make up for heat loss caused by adding cold charge, controlling the blowing end point carbon-oxygen product by a double circular seam top-bottom combined blowing process to be 0.0022 percent, adding 2.1kg/t of steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier after slag is fished out after the converter is finished, and adding 1.8kg/t of steel refining synthetic slag;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.7, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.3, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.75 percent; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.014%, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.3 and the soft blowing time to be 20 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.512m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 123m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.37; reducing oxygen enrichment of the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.08 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet reduction rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.483mm/m, and the outlet reduction rate is 0.152 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade;
(4) a cogging step, heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1235 ℃, the heating time is 205min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, and 4 transverse surfaces of the square billet after entering a slow cooling pit and slowly cooling for 27h are coated with high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coatings after spreading inspection;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1195 ℃ for 185min, descaling the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace with high-pressure water at the descaling water pressure of 21MPa, rolling the descaled square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, controlling the temperature at 805 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill unit is finished, and packaging, unloading and slow cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5-grade banded tissue and 100J impact energy.
Example 6
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double-slag process is adopted for smelting, the slag is poured 71% midway after the initial dephosphorization is carried out until the P content reaches 0.026%, the zero position of the converter is returned to for oxygen supply and slagging again, 22.5kg/t of steel with active lime, 5.3kg/t of steel with magnesium balls and 7.2kg/t of composite slag are added, low-nickel pig iron with the phosphorus content of 0.062% and the nickel content of 12% is added to replace a nickel plate in the early stage of the smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding of cold charge, the blowing end point carbon-oxygen product is controlled by a double-circular-seam top-bottom combined blowing process to be 0.0015%, 2.2kg/t of high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after the slag is fished out after the converter;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5.8, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.2, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.6 percent; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.009%, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.2, and the soft blowing time to be 19 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.495m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 120m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.37; reducing oxygen enrichment of the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.08 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet depression rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.471mm/m, and the outlet depression rate is 0.148 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace at a soaking section heating temperature of 1235 ℃ for 215min, performing high-pressure water dephosphorization after heating, cogging the dephosphorized rectangular billet into a square billet, and coating 4 transverse surfaces with high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coatings after the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 32 h;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at the heating temperature of 1205 ℃ for 195min, descaling the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace with high-pressure water at the descaling water pressure of 24MPa, rolling the descaled square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, controlling the temperature to be 798 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill unit is finished, and packaging, unloading and slow cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5-grade banded tissue and 98J impact energy.
Example 7
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) converter smelting process, adopting double slag process smelting, firstly dephosphorizing to P of 0.027%, then pouring 80% of slag halfway, returning to the zero position of the converter for oxygen supply and slagging again, adding 20kg/t of steel with active lime, 6kg/t of steel with magnesium balls and 5kg/t of steel with composite slag, adding low-nickel pig iron with 0.065% of phosphorus and 15% of nickel to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of the smelting end point, supplementing coke to compensate heat loss caused by cold charge addition, controlling the carbon-oxygen product at the blowing end point by double circular seam top-bottom combined blowing process to be 0.0025%, fishing slag after the converter is finished, adding 2kg/t of steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier, and adding 2.5kg/t of steel refining synthetic slag;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.5, and the content of ferrous oxide is 1.0 percent; controlling the Als content in the molten steel to be 0.008 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.5, and the soft blowing time to be 15 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and the casting is carried out under dynamic soft pressure, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.475m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 115m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.40; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.1 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet depression rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.465mm/m, and the outlet depression rate is 0.167 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1250 ℃, the heating time is 180min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 24h, and 4 transverse surfaces are coated with high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coatings after spreading inspection;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at 1210 ℃ for 160min, removing scales on the surface of the square billet by using a special descaling ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace, controlling the temperature to be 810 ℃ after the reduction sizing mill is finished, packaging the rolled bar finished product, unloading and slow cooling.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5 grade banded tissue, 110J percussion power.
Example 8
The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission comprises the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling, and comprises the following specific process steps:
(1) a converter smelting process, wherein a double-slag process is adopted for smelting, slag is poured 65% in the midway after the initial dephosphorization is carried out until the P content reaches 0.026%, oxygen is supplied again to the zero position of the converter for slagging, 25kg/t steel, 4kg/t steel and 8kg/t steel of composite slag are added with active lime, low-nickel pig iron with 0.061% of phosphorus and 10% of nickel is added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of a smelting end point, coke is supplemented to make up the heat loss caused by adding a cold charge, the double-ring-seam top-bottom combined blowing process controls the carbon-oxygen product at the blowing end point to be 0.0020%, 3kg/t steel high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier is added after the slag is fished out after the converter is finished, and 1.5 kg/;
(2) an LF refining process, wherein the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 6, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.0, and the content of ferrous oxide is 0.87%; controlling the content of Als in the molten steel to be 0.015 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio to be 1.0 and the soft blowing time to be 17 min;
(3) continuous casting process, wherein the whole process is protected and cast, dynamic soft reduction is adopted, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled at the standard drawing speed of 0.525m/min, and the one-cold water quantity is controlled at 125m3The water ratio of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.35; reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of the ferrous oxide in the covering agent is 0.1 percent, the alkalinity is 1.6, the inlet reduction rate under dynamic soft pressure is 0.487mm/m, and the outlet reduction rate is 0.143 mm/m; the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting slab are shown in table 1; casting blank center segregation is 0.5 grade;
(4) a cogging procedure, namely heating the rectangular billet in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1220 ℃, the heating time is 220min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is carried out after heating, the rectangular billet becomes a square billet after dephosphorization, the square billet is placed in a slow cooling pit and slowly cooled for 28h, and 4 transverse surfaces are coated with high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coatings after spreading inspection;
(5) and a heating process, namely heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating in a heating furnace at 1180 ℃ for 200min, removing scale on the surface of the square billet by using a special scale removing ring after the square billet is discharged from the furnace, wherein the pressure of the scale removing water is 20MPa, rolling the scale-removed square billet by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, controlling the temperature to be 780 ℃ after the final rolling of a reducing sizing mill unit, and packaging, unloading and slow cooling the rolled bar finished product.
The high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel produced by the production method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: 0.5 grade banded tissue, impact energy 122J.
Table 1 examples 1-8 chemical composition of the continuous casting slab and its mass percent (wt%)
The balance of the ingredients in table 1 is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A production method of high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for a heavy-duty transmission is characterized by comprising the working procedures of converter smelting, LF refining, continuous casting, cogging, heating and rolling; in the LF refining process, the refining final slag is operated by adopting high alkalinity and high calcium-aluminum ratio, the binary alkalinity of the final slag is controlled to be 5-6, the calcium-aluminum ratio is controlled to be 3.0-3.5, and the content of ferrous oxide is less than or equal to 1.0%; the content of Als in the molten steel is controlled to be 0.008-0.015 percent, the calcium-aluminum ratio is 1.0-1.5, and the soft blowing time is more than or equal to 15 min.
2. The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission according to claim 1, wherein in the converter smelting process, a double slag process is adopted for smelting, after primary dephosphorization is carried out until P is less than or equal to 0.030%, slag is poured 65-80% halfway, the zero position of the converter is returned to for oxygen supply and slag formation again, 20-25 kg/t of active lime steel, 4-6 kg/t of magnesium balls and 5-8 kg/t of composite slag are added, low-nickel pig iron with phosphorus content of less than or equal to 0.065% and nickel content of 10-15% is added to replace a nickel plate at the early stage of the smelting end point, coke is supplemented to compensate heat loss caused by adding of a cold charge, the carbon-oxygen product at the blowing end point is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.0025%, 2-3 kg/t of a high-alkalinity aluminum-containing modifier for steel is added after slag removal after the converter is completed, and 1.
3. The method for producing high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for heavy-duty transmissions according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting process comprises full-process protective casting and dynamic soft reduction, the five-machine five-flow drawing speed is stably controlled to be 0.475-0.525 m/min, and the cold water amount is controlled to be 115-125 m3The water amount of the secondary cooling is controlled to be 0.35-0.40 per hour per flow; and reducing oxygen enrichment in the tundish by using a low-ferrous oxide and low-alkalinity covering agent, wherein the content of the covering agent ferrous oxide is 0-0.2%, the alkalinity is 1.5-1.8, the inlet reduction rate under dynamic light pressure is 0.465-0.487 mm/m, and the outlet reduction rate is 0.143-0.167 mm/m.
4. The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission according to claim 1, wherein in the continuous casting process, the chemical composition and the mass percentage of the continuous casting billet are as follows: c: 0.20 to 0.22wt%, Si: 0.30-0.35 wt%, Mn: 1.10 to 1.15wt%, Cr: 0.68 to 0.73wt%, Mo: 0.35-0.40 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015wt%, Als: 0.008-0.015 wt%, Ni: 0.80-0.85 wt%, Cu not more than 0.10wt%, total oxygen content not more than 15ppm, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the center segregation of the casting blank is not more than 1.0 grade, the band-shaped structure is not more than 1.0 grade, and the impact energy is not less than 85J.
5. The method for producing the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission according to claim 1, wherein in the cogging step, the rectangular blank is heated in a heating furnace, the heating temperature of a soaking section is 1220-1250 ℃, the heating time is 180-220 min, high-pressure water dephosphorization is performed after heating, the rectangular blank is cogging after dephosphorization becomes a square blank, and 4 transverse surfaces of the square blank after being placed in a slow cooling pit for slow cooling for more than or equal to 24 hours are coated with the high-temperature-resistant and anti-oxidation coating after spreading and inspection.
6. The method for producing the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission according to claim 1, wherein the heating step comprises heating the square billet coated with the high-temperature-resistant and oxidation-resistant coating in a heating furnace at 1180-1210 ℃ for 160-200 min, and removing scale from the square billet after discharging the square billet, wherein the pressure of the water for removing scale is not less than 20 MPa.
7. The production method of the high-toughness nickel-containing gear steel for the heavy-duty transmission according to the claims 1 to 6, wherein in the rolling process, the descaled square billet is rolled by a multi-stage continuous rolling unit, the temperature is controlled to be 780-810 ℃ after the final rolling of the reducing and sizing unit, and the rolled square billet is rolled into a bar finished product, packed, discharged and slowly cooled.
8. The method for producing a high toughness nickel-containing gear steel for heavy-duty transmissions according to claims 1 to 6, wherein said method produces a high toughness nickel-containing gear steel: the center segregation of the continuous casting billet is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, the band-shaped structure of the finished product is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and the normal-temperature impact energy is more than or equal to 85J.
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