CN110499404B - Smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel - Google Patents
Smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110499404B CN110499404B CN201910947779.0A CN201910947779A CN110499404B CN 110499404 B CN110499404 B CN 110499404B CN 201910947779 A CN201910947779 A CN 201910947779A CN 110499404 B CN110499404 B CN 110499404B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel, relating to the field of metal smelting process, comprising the following steps: ingredients, C: 1.5-2.0%, Si: 1.0-1.2%, P: the method comprises the following steps of controlling the content of other elements to be less than or equal to 0.032%, controlling other elements according to the middle and lower limits of steel grades, melting waste materials in an electric arc furnace, controlling the tapping temperature to be 1600-1630 ℃, decarbonizing and desulfurizing in an AOD furnace, adjusting alloy components, weakly stirring in an LF refining furnace for 15-25 min, and casting and pouring after the temperature and the components are qualified. The smelting method disclosed by the invention fully utilizes the decarbonization and chromium retention effects of the AOD furnace, reduces the loss of chromium elements in raw materials, and meanwhile, the molten steel can be subjected to sulfur content reduction to be below 0.010% through violent stirring of the AOD furnace and is refined through the LF furnace, so that the cleanliness of the molten steel is improved, and the method can control A, B, C type inclusions within 1.5 levels and meet the requirements of special-grade high-quality steel in GB/T3077-2015 standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal smelting processes, and discloses a smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel.
Background
12Cr2Ni4 belongs to alloy structural steel, and has high strength, good toughness, good hardenability, good surface layer hardness and wear resistance after carburizing and quenching, good plasticity during cold deformation, good machinability, white spot sensitivity, temper brittleness and poor weldability. The high-strength carburized part is used as a large carburized part working under high load and alternating stress, such as various high-load mechanical structural parts of gears, worm wheels, worms, shafts and the like. The conventional electric arc furnace → LF furnace → casting process has long smelting period and poor S removal effect, a large amount of alloy needs to be added into the LF furnace, the purity of molten steel is difficult to control, the residence time of the molten steel in a steel ladle is long, and refractory materials of the steel ladle can also form suspended matters in the molten steel. The AOD furnace has good decarburization and chromium retention capability, and reduces the oxidation of chromium element in the decarburization process, so that the alloy can be added during batching, and the later addition amount is reduced; the AOD is smelted by a double-slag method, and the stirring in the furnace is violent, so that the desulphurization efficiency is greatly improved; after the molten steel reaches the LF furnace, alloy does not need to be added, the residence time of the molten steel in a ladle is short, and the purity of the molten steel can be further ensured by matching with high-alkalinity furnace slag.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel, which aims to overcome the technical problems of poor S removal effect and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim, the smelting method of the 12Cr2Ni4 steel grade comprises the following steps:
1) when preparing the ingredients, the chemical elements in the ingredients comprise the following components in percentage by weight
1.5-2.0% of C, 1.0-1.2% of Si, less than or equal to 0.032% of P, 1.15-1.45% of Cr, 3.00-3.25% of Ni and 50kg/t of lime are subpackaged in 3 charging pots, the lime is added at the bottom of each charging pot, and 1/3 of the lime is added in each charging pot;
2) arc furnace smelting
Electrifying for smelting after feeding in an electric arc furnace, electrifying for 3-5 min, then blowing oxygen for fluxing, adding more than 80% of furnace charge into the next pot of furnace charge, completely melting the furnace charge, adding 100-150 kg of silicon carbide for reduction for 10min after the temperature reaches 1600-1630 ℃ and the Si content is in the range of 0.3-0.6%, and carrying out mixed flushing steel tapping on steel slag;
3) AOD smelting
Directly adding molten steel into an AOD furnace by using a steel adding ladle without removing slag, sampling and testing components of the AOD furnace after steel adding, adding alloy according to the components, blowing oxygen to the AOD furnace to heat and decarbonize, adopting argon in the whole process of auxiliary gas, adding 10-15 kg/t ferrosilicon for pre-reduction for 5min after the carbon content meets the steel requirement, removing pre-reduction slag, adding lime, fluorite and aluminum blocks for re-slagging reduction, and tapping after reducing for 5 min;
4) refining in LF furnace
And in the LF process, argon is adopted for weak stirring, molten steel is forbidden to be exposed, the superheat degree of tapping is controlled to be 80-90 ℃, and after the temperature components are qualified, tapping is carried out die casting and pouring.
Further, according to the capacity of a 35-ton electric arc furnace, the total weight of the furnace burden in the step (1) is controlled to be 32-33 t, lime is added, and the alkalinity of the furnace slag is controlled to be 1.0-1.5.
Furthermore, the electric arc furnace in the step (2) does not need to remove C, P and S, steel slag is utilized for mixing and flushing, steel and slag do not need to be left, and chromium elements in partial slag are reduced.
And (3) further, argon is adopted in the whole process of the AOD furnace auxiliary gas in the step (3), the AOD furnace is used for violent decarburization reaction and stirring, molten steel is primarily purified, the AOD furnace is used for slagging again, the alkalinity of the slag is controlled to be more than 2.5, and the slag amount is controlled to be 1.2-1.5 t.
Further, in the step (4), during the heating and stirring processes of the LF refining furnace, the refining time is 15-25 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. by utilizing the characteristics of decarburization and chromium retention of the AOD furnace, the chromium-containing furnace burden is added in the electric furnace batching link, so that the addition of the reduced chromium alloy is reduced, the purity of molten steel is improved, and the alloy cost is reduced;
2. by utilizing the efficient dynamic conditions and degassing capacity of the AOD furnace, the slagging efficiency is improved, high-alkalinity furnace slag is produced, efficient desulphurization is realized, and harmful gases and impurities are removed;
3. the LF reduction link is removed, the temperature of the molten steel is reduced, the residence time of the molten steel in a ladle is shortened, the molten steel only needs to be subjected to soft blowing in an LF furnace, and the molten steel is matched with the high-alkalinity furnace slag manufactured by the AOD, so that the purity of the molten steel is further improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It is noted that the term "comprising" in the description and claims of the present application is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, e.g. a method comprising a list of steps is not necessarily limited to those steps explicitly listed, but may include other steps not explicitly listed or inherent to such methods. The embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
The 12Cr2Ni4 steel required to be prepared by the invention comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
c, carbon C: 0.10 to 0.16
Silicon Si: 0.17 to 0.37
Manganese Mn: 0.30 to 0.60
S, sulfur: allowable residual content is less than or equal to 0.035
Phosphorus P: allowable residual content is less than or equal to 0.035
Chromium Cr: 1.25 to 1.65
Nickel Ni: 3.25 to 3.65
Copper Cu: allowable residual content is less than or equal to 0.030
The balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 1
Preparing materials: the ingredients of the ingredients are shown in table 1:
table 1: ingredient of ingredient
| C％ | Si％ | Mn％ | P％ | S％ | Cr％ | Ni％ |
| 1.9 | 1.2 | - | 0.031 | - | 1.2 | 3.1 |
The total weight of the ingredients is 31t, and the adding amount of lime is 1500kg
Smelting in an electric arc furnace: and electrifying the electric arc furnace for 4min, blowing oxygen for fluxing, melting more than 80% of the molten materials, adding the next pot of materials, completely melting the furnace materials, adding 100kg of silicon carbide from the furnace mouth, reducing for 10min, and then carrying out mixed flushing on steel slag to obtain steel.
AOD smelting: the AOD adds 80kg of high carbon ferrochrome and 10kg of ferronickel according to the steel charging components, oxygen is blown to raise the temperature and decarbonize, oxygen and argon are used as main gas, and argon is used as auxiliary gas. And after the content of the sampled carbon reaches 0.11%, adding 280kg of ferrosilicon for pre-reduction, pre-reducing for 5min to remove pre-reduced slag, adding 400kg of lime, 260kg of fluorite and 26kg of aluminum blocks for slagging reduction again, reducing for 5min, wherein the content of S is 0.008%, and tapping to a steel ladle.
Refining in an LF furnace: and weakly stirring LF with argon, heating the LF furnace seat and ladle at 1560 ℃, electrifying, raising the temperature, stopping power after the temperature reaches 1590 ℃, weakly stirring for 15min, heating to 1578 ℃, superheating the molten steel at 78 ℃, and tapping, die casting and pouring.
Grading inclusions in the product: class A0.5, class B1.5, class C1.0, class D0.5, and class Ds 0.5.
Example 2
Preparing materials: the ingredients of the ingredients are shown in table 2:
table 2: ingredient of ingredient
| C％ | Si％ | Mn％ | P％ | S％ | Cr％ | Ni％ |
| 2.0 | 1.12 | - | 0.032 | - | 1.13 | 3.14 |
The total weight of the ingredients is 32.4t, and the adding amount of lime is 1500kg
Smelting in an electric arc furnace: and electrifying the electric arc furnace for 5min, blowing oxygen for fluxing, melting more than 80% of the molten materials, adding the next pot of materials, completely melting the furnace materials, enabling the temperature to reach 1630 ℃, adding 120kg of silicon carbide from a furnace mouth, reducing for 10min, and then carrying out mixed flushing on steel slag to obtain steel.
AOD smelting: the AOD adds 75kg of high carbon ferrochrome according to the steel charging components, oxygen blowing, temperature rising and decarburization are carried out, oxygen and argon are used as main gas, and argon is used as auxiliary gas. After the carbon content of the sample reaches 0.15%, 300kg of ferrosilicon is added for prereduction, prereduction is carried out for 5min, prereduction slag is removed, 400kg of lime, 200kg of fluorite and 26kg of aluminum blocks are added for slagging reduction again, reduction is carried out for 5min, the S content is 0.005%, and steel is tapped to a steel ladle.
Refining in an LF furnace: and weakly stirring LF (ladle furnace) by using argon in the whole process, heating the LF furnace seat at 1550 ℃, electrifying, raising the temperature, stopping power after the temperature reaches 1594 ℃, weakly stirring for 17min, heating to 1580 ℃, superheating the molten steel at 80 ℃, and carrying out tapping, die casting and pouring.
Grading inclusions in the product: class A0.5, class B1.5, class C0.5, class D1, and class Ds 0.5.
Example 3
Preparing materials: the ingredients are shown in table 3:
table 3: ingredient of ingredient
| C％ | Si％ | Mn％ | P％ | S％ | Cr％ | Ni％ |
| 1.86 | 1.04 | - | 0.032 | - | 1.2 | 3.05 |
The total weight of the ingredients is 32.5t, and the adding amount of lime is 1500kg
Smelting in an electric arc furnace: and electrifying the electric arc furnace for 5min, blowing oxygen for fluxing, melting more than 80 percent, adding the next pot of material, completely melting the furnace burden, reducing by adding 120kg of silicon carbide from the furnace mouth for 10min, and then carrying out mixed flushing on steel slag to obtain steel.
AOD smelting: the AOD adds 60kg of high carbon ferrochrome and 14kg of ferronickel according to the steel charging components, oxygen is blown to raise the temperature and decarbonize, oxygen and argon are used as main gas, and argon is used as auxiliary gas. And after the carbon content of the sample reaches 0.12%, adding 280kg of ferrosilicon for prereduction, prereducing for 5min to remove prereduced slag, adding 380kg of lime, 190kg of fluorite and 26kg of aluminum blocks for slagging and reduction again, reducing for 5min, wherein the S content is 0.009%, and tapping to a steel ladle.
Refining in an LF furnace: and weakly stirring LF with argon, heating LF furnace seat and ladle at 1570 ℃, electrifying, raising temperature, stopping power after the temperature reaches 1605 ℃, weakly stirring for 20min, heating to 1583 ℃, superheating the molten steel at 83 ℃, and carrying out tapping die casting and pouring.
Grading inclusions in the product: class A0.5, class B1.5, class C0.5, class D1, and class Ds 0.5.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not limited to the above description of the embodiments, and those skilled in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The smelting method of the 12Cr2Ni4 steel grade is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) when preparing the ingredients, the chemical elements in the materials comprise the following components in percentage by weight
1.5-2.0% of C, 1.0-1.2% of Si, less than or equal to 0.032% of P, 1.15-1.45% of Cr, 3.00-3.25% of Ni and 50kg/t of lime are subpackaged in 3 charging pots, the lime is added at the bottom of each charging pot, and 1/3 of the lime is added in each charging pot;
2) arc furnace smelting
Electrifying for smelting after feeding in an electric arc furnace, electrifying for 3-5 min, then blowing oxygen for fluxing, adding more than 80% of furnace charge into the next pot of furnace charge, completely melting the furnace charge, adding 100-150 kg of silicon carbide for reduction for 10min after the temperature reaches 1600-1630 ℃ and the Si content is in the range of 0.3-0.6%, and carrying out mixed flushing steel tapping on steel slag;
3) AOD smelting
Directly adding molten steel into an AOD furnace by using a steel adding ladle without removing slag, sampling and testing components of the AOD furnace after steel adding, adding alloy according to the components, blowing oxygen to the AOD furnace to heat and decarbonize, adopting argon in the whole process of auxiliary gas, adding 10-15 kg/t ferrosilicon for pre-reduction for 5min after the carbon content meets the steel requirement, removing pre-reduction slag, adding lime, fluorite and aluminum blocks for re-slagging reduction, and tapping after reducing for 5 min;
4) refining in LF furnace
Carrying out LF whole process by adopting argon weak stirring, prohibiting molten steel from being exposed, controlling the superheat degree of tapping at 80-90 ℃, and carrying out tapping die casting and pouring after temperature components are qualified;
wherein:
controlling the total weight of the furnace burden in the step (1) to be 32-33 t, adding lime, and controlling the alkalinity of the furnace slag to be 1.0-1.5;
and (3) adopting argon gas in the whole process of the AOD furnace secondary gas, primarily purifying the molten steel by using the violent decarburization reaction and stirring of the AOD, slagging again in the AOD furnace, and controlling the alkalinity of the slag to be more than 2.5 and the slag amount to be 1.2-1.5 t.
2. The smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel according to claim 1, wherein the electric arc furnace in step (2) does not need to be de-C, de-P and de-S, and uses steel slag to mix and flush without leaving steel and slag to reduce chromium element in partial slag.
3. The smelting method of 12Cr2Ni4 steel according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the refining time is 15-25 min during the heating and stirring of the LF refining furnace.
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| CN112593046A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-02 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | Smelting method for improving recovery rate of niobium in niobium-containing waste |
| CN113073269B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-02-25 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | Smelting process of high-carbon chromium stainless bearing steel parent metal |
| CN115261730B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-10-20 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | Heat-resistant stainless steel for magnesium smelting reduction tank and preparation method thereof |
| CN115449599B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-09-19 | 安徽富凯特材有限公司 | Molten steel calcium deoxidization method |
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| CN1490425A (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2004-04-21 | 宝钢集团上海五钢有限公司 | Smelting manufacturing method for high temperature ferric alloy |
| CN101538689A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-09-23 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Non-magnetic stainless steel with high strength and toughness, manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN106435398A (en) * | 2016-10-15 | 2017-02-22 | 睿智钢业有限公司 | Anti-corrosion welding structural steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN109457169A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-12 | 烟台台海玛努尔核电设备有限公司 | A kind of smelting process of P91 steel |
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| CN1490425A (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2004-04-21 | 宝钢集团上海五钢有限公司 | Smelting manufacturing method for high temperature ferric alloy |
| CN101538689A (en) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-09-23 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Non-magnetic stainless steel with high strength and toughness, manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN106435398A (en) * | 2016-10-15 | 2017-02-22 | 睿智钢业有限公司 | Anti-corrosion welding structural steel and preparation method thereof |
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