CN112721668B - Position self-alignment device of dynamic wireless charging system and charging control method thereof - Google Patents
Position self-alignment device of dynamic wireless charging system and charging control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112721668B CN112721668B CN202011602951.8A CN202011602951A CN112721668B CN 112721668 B CN112721668 B CN 112721668B CN 202011602951 A CN202011602951 A CN 202011602951A CN 112721668 B CN112721668 B CN 112721668B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system and a charging control method thereof. The wireless power supply system is matched with the position control system; the vehicle-mounted receiving end device is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery, and the position detection coil is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the center line of the ground transmitting coil; the voltage sensor is used for reading open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit; the magnetic field shielding device is used for shielding the leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil to interfere the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil; the transmission device is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions at all times in the driving process. The invention uses the position self-alignment device to enable the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil to be in a right position, thereby avoiding the decline of output power and transmission efficiency caused by vehicle deviation in the driving process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless charging; in particular to a position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system and a charging control method thereof.
Background
The electric automobile has the advantages of low exhaust emission and high energy conversion efficiency, is a main stream scheme which is widely accepted in the world and is used for effectively solving the environmental pollution and the energy shortage, gradually becomes a representative of new energy automobiles, and attracts the interests of automobile manufacturers at home and abroad. However, at present, electric vehicles are mainly charged in a contact charging manner, and there are disadvantages in the charging process, such as poor safety, low flexibility, long charging time, low protection safety level and poor environmental adaptability. Meanwhile, the traditional contact type charging mode does not fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient endurance mileage of the electric automobile, and the popularization of the electric automobile in the national range is limited to a great extent. In order to solve the above problems, dynamic wireless charging technology has been developed. According to the technology, through a non-contact mode, the transmission of electric energy from a power grid to a vehicle-mounted battery can be realized in the running process of the electric automobile, no electric connection exists in the whole charging process, the electric automobile gets rid of the constraint of a charging wire, the cruising mileage of the automobile is greatly improved, and the technology has important significance for popularization of the electric automobile.
In the dynamic wireless charging process, the electric automobile can inevitably deviate from the optimal driving route under the influence of manual driving and traffic environment, so that the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil below the road surface can not keep right facing each other at any time. The offset of the vehicle-mounted receiving end can reduce mutual inductance and coupling coefficient, so that the charging power and the transmission efficiency of the system are reduced. When the offset distance is too large, the output voltage of the receiving coil is even lower than the voltage of the vehicle-mounted storage battery, so that the vehicle cannot be charged normally. Therefore, the problem of receiver offset during driving is a critical problem to be solved in the dynamic wireless charging system.
In order to solve the defects, various research institutions at home and abroad conduct many researches on side shifting problems and a position self-alignment method in an electric automobile wireless charging system. In the prior art, a DD type wide receiving coil structure is proposed, and the sensitivity of a system to the lateral movement of a receiving end is reduced by increasing the width of a receiving coil, so that the anti-offset tolerance of a vehicle-mounted receiving end is increased. However, the receiving coil with too wide structure not only increases the dead weight of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, but also reduces the coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, thereby reducing the system efficiency. The prior literature also provides an auto-decoupling double receiving coil structure, two rectangular receiving coils are overlapped along the side moving direction, are connected in parallel after uncontrolled rectification, and supply power to a vehicle-mounted storage battery through the receiving coil with higher induction voltage. The structure improves the allowable lateral displacement distance of the vehicle by intermittent power supply of the two receiving coils. However, since the two receiving coils of the structure are normally operated by only one coil at any time, the structure has the defects of higher cost and low device utilization rate. In the prior art, a device and a method for detecting the relative position of a receiving coil and a transmitting coil of wireless power transmission are provided, and the position self-alignment between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil can be effectively realized through the detecting coil. However, this solution is only suitable for static wireless charging of electric vehicles, and is not suitable for dynamic wireless charging systems in which the vehicle position changes at all times.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the position self-alignment device of the dynamic wireless charging system and the charging control method thereof, the vehicle offset distance is detected through the vehicle-mounted detection coil, the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions by the transmission device, the offset tolerance of the vehicle is effectively improved, and the reduction of output power and transmission efficiency caused by vehicle offset in the driving process is avoided. Meanwhile, the position self-alignment device of the wireless charging system and the control method thereof can monitor the relative positions of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole process of running, and the system is ensured to work in a working state with highest output power and transmission efficiency at any time.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a self-aligning device for the position of a dynamic wireless charging system comprises a vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, a position detection coil 3, a voltage sensor 4, a magnetic field shielding device 5 and a transmission device 6,
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery;
the position detection coil 3 is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground emission coil;
the voltage sensor 4 is used for reading open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device 5 is used for shielding the leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil to interfere the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device 6 is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil 1 are positioned at opposite positions at all times in the driving process.
Further, the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 comprises a receiving coil 21, a receiving end magnetic core 22, a coil housing 23, a receiving end housing 24 and a receiving end housing cover plate 25; the receiving coil 21 is a DD-type receiving coil, the receiving coil 21 is disposed in a coil housing 23, a receiving-end magnetic core 22 is disposed above the coil housing 23, and a receiving-end housing 24 is disposed above the receiving-end magnetic core 22; the upper part of the receiving end shell 24 is provided with a transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6, the receiving end shell 24 and the transmission rack 63 are fixedly arranged, the lower surface of the coil shell 23 is provided with a receiving end shell cover plate 25, and the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through non-magnetic screws.
Further, the position detecting coil 3 includes N DD-type coils, where N is a positive integer, and n=3, 5,7, …; the position detection coil 3 and the receiving coil 21 are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the placement direction of the position detection coil 3 is the same as that of the receiving coil 21; the N position detection coils 3 are arranged along the lateral movement direction, wherein the central axis of the first position detection coil 3 coincides with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the 2 nd to the N th position detection coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent position detection coils is the same.
Further, the position detecting coils 3 are all open-circuit coils.
Further, the voltage sensor 4 is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving terminal device 2, and is configured to measure the induced voltages in the N position detecting coils 3.
Further, the magnetic field shielding device 5 comprises a shielding magnetic core 51 and a shielding aluminum plate 52, the magnetic field shielding device 5 is installed between the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 and the position detection coil 3, the shielding magnetic core 51 is installed on the side close to the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, and the shielding aluminum plate 52 is installed on the side close to the position detection coil 3.
Further, the transmission device 6 comprises a stepping motor 61, a transmission gear 62 and a transmission rack 63; the transmission rack 63 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2; the transmission gear 62 is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor 61 and meshed with the transmission rack 63, the stepping motor 61 is controlled by the MCU, and the transmission gear 62 is driven according to a voltage signal in the position detection coil 3, so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil 21 coincides with the central axis of the bipolar transmitting coil 1 on the ground.
A method for controlling charging of a self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system, as shown in fig. 9, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the vehicle is driven into a highway with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to the transmitting coil, and meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil by a voltage sensor, namely U1., ui., un, wherein i=1, 2, … n, and transmitting the detected voltage information to a vehicle-mounted micro control unit MCU;
step 3: the MCU compares the detected induction voltage U1., ui., un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., ui., un are smaller than Unset, the vehicle is completely driven out of a charging area, prompt information that the vehicle is driven out of the charging area is sent at the moment, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
step 4: according to the magnitude of the induced voltage U1., ui., un in the position detection coil, the lateral displacement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil is determined; recording the position of the central axis of the detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil;
step 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the side moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions at the moment;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative positions of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a stop charging signal.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the invention, the vehicle offset distance can be detected through the vehicle-mounted detection coil in the running process of the vehicle, and the transmission device is utilized to enable the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil to be in a right-facing position, so that the offset tolerance of the vehicle is effectively improved, and the output power and the transmission efficiency in the dynamic wireless charging process are improved.
The position self-alignment device of the wireless charging system and the control method thereof can monitor the relative positions of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process, and the system is ensured to work in the working state with highest output power and transmission efficiency at any time.
The position detection coil has high alignment precision, adopts an open coil structure, has no energy loss in the detection process, and can effectively reduce the cost compared with the traditional camera and infrared positioning device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a wireless charging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the shaft-side assembly of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the position detecting coil and the magnetic field shielding device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a transmission device for adjusting the position of a receiving end according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the receiver-side position self-alignment device according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the signal flow of the position control system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1-10, the dynamic wireless charging system of the invention is shown in figure 1 and consists of a high-frequency inverter, a transmitting end resonant capacitor, a bipolar transmitting coil, a vehicle-mounted receiving end device, a receiving end compensation circuit, a receiving end rectifying circuit, a receiving end DC/DC conversion device and a vehicle-mounted battery;
the high-frequency inverter, the transmitting end resonant capacitor and the transmitting coil are arranged below the ground; the high-frequency inversion source generates output voltage with the frequency of 20-85 kHz, and high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the bipolar transmitting coil after passing through the transmitting end compensation capacitor, so that a high-frequency magnetic field is generated in space; the receiving coil in the vehicle-mounted receiving end device picks up the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil to generate high-frequency induction voltage, converts the high-frequency induction voltage into direct-current voltage through the receiving end rectifying circuit, is connected with the input end of the receiving end DC/DC conversion device, and charges the battery after converting the charging voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery into proper voltage;
the transmitting end compensation capacitor resonates with the transmitting coil, and the resonant frequency is the same as the working frequency of the high-frequency inversion source, so that the power capacity of the high-frequency inversion source is reduced; the bipolar transmitting coil has an 8-shaped coil structure, so that the leakage magnetic field at two sides of the transmitting coil can be effectively reduced; the receiving end compensation circuit can adopt a series compensation circuit or a LCL (liquid crystal display) and other composite compensation circuits, and the receiving end compensation circuit is used for reducing reactive power of a system and improving the power factor of the system;
a self-aligning device for the position of a dynamic wireless charging system comprises a vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, a position detection coil 3, a voltage sensor 4, a magnetic field shielding device 5 and a transmission device 6,
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery;
the position detection coil 3 is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground emission coil;
the voltage sensor 4 is used for reading open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device 5 is used for shielding the leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil to interfere the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device 6 is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil 1 are positioned at opposite positions at all times in the driving process.
Detecting the magnitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil 3 by a voltage sensor;
the voltage sensor sends the detected voltage information to the vehicle-mounted micro control unit MCU;
the MCU determines the lateral displacement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil according to the voltage information; and then the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor to drive the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the side moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions at the moment as shown in figure 10.
Further, the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 comprises a receiving coil 21, a receiving end magnetic core 22, a coil housing 23, a receiving end housing 24 and a receiving end housing cover plate 25; the receiving coil 21 is a DD-type receiving coil, the receiving coil 21 is disposed in a coil housing 23, a receiving-end magnetic core 22 is disposed above the coil housing 23, and a receiving-end housing 24 is disposed above the receiving-end magnetic core 22; the upper part of the receiving end shell 24 is provided with a transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6, the receiving end shell 24 and the transmission rack 63 are fixedly arranged, the lower surface of the coil shell 23 is provided with a receiving end shell cover plate 25, and the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through non-magnetic screws.
The receiving coil 21 is a DD type receiving coil, and is formed by reversely connecting two D coils with completely consistent parameters such as size, wire diameter, turns and the like in series on a circuit; the winding directions of the two D coils are opposite, the directions of currents in any two adjacent transmitting coils are opposite, and the directions of generated magnetic fields are opposite; the coil housing 23 is composed of an upper part and a lower part, is distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the receiving coil 21, and is matched with the receiving coil 21 to enable the receiving coil 21 to be completely embedded in the coil housing 23, so that the receiving coil 21 is fixed in position;
the receiving end magnetic core 22 is made of soft magnetic ferrite material, the size of the soft magnetic ferrite material is slightly larger than that of the DD-type receiving coil, the soft magnetic ferrite material is paved above the DD-type receiving coil in space and is arranged on the upper surface of the coil housing 23, and the soft magnetic ferrite material is used for guiding the trend of magnetic lines and improving the mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground bipolar transmitting coil;
the receiving end shell 24 is made of non-magnetic conductive materials, is arranged above the receiving end magnetic core 22, and is used for fixing the positions of the receiving coil and the receiving end magnetic core and providing protection for the receiving coil and the receiving end magnetic core; the upper part of the receiving end shell 24 is fixedly connected with a transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6 and can move along the side moving direction along with the rack;
the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is arranged on the lower surfaces of the receiving coil 21 and the coil shell 23, is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through non-magnetic screws, wraps the whole receiving coil 21, the coil shell 23 and the receiving end magnetic core 22, and plays a supporting and protecting role.
Further, the position detecting coil 3 includes N DD-type coils, where N is a positive integer, and n=3, 5,7, …; the position detection coil 3 and the receiving coil 21 are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the placement direction of the position detection coil 3 is the same as that of the receiving coil 21, but the size is smaller than that of the receiving coil; the N position detection coils 3 are arranged along the lateral movement direction, wherein the central axis of the first position detection coil 3 coincides with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the 2 nd to the N th position detection coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent position detection coils is the same.
The number of the position detection coils is determined by the detection accuracy required by the vehicle, and by increasing the number of the position detection coils, the detection accuracy of the offset distance of the vehicle can be increased by decreasing the distance between two adjacent detection coils.
Further, the position detecting coils 3 are all open-circuit coils.
Further, the voltage sensor 4 is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving terminal device 2, and is configured to measure the induced voltages in the N position detecting coils 3.
Further, the magnetic field shielding device 5 comprises a shielding magnetic core 51 and a shielding aluminum plate 52, wherein the shielding magnetic core 51 is made of soft magnetic ferrite materials; the magnetic field shielding device 5 is arranged between the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 and the position detection coil 3 and is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil, so that induced voltage in the position detection coil is only generated by the bipolar transmitting coil 1 to ensure detection accuracy; the shielding magnetic core 51 is installed at one side close to the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 and is used for guiding magnetic force lines generated by the receiving coil; the shielding aluminum plate 52 is mounted on the side close to the position detection coil 3. Generating a reverse magnetic field by utilizing an eddy current effect to counteract a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil; the installation positions of the shielding aluminum plate and the shielding magnetic core in the magnetic field shielding device can effectively reduce the loss of the leakage magnetic field in the shielding device, thereby improving the system efficiency.
Further, the transmission device 6 comprises a stepping motor 61, a transmission gear 62 and a transmission rack 63; the transmission rack 63 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 and is used for driving the vehicle-mounted receiving end to move; the transmission gear 62 is connected with the output shaft of the stepping motor 61 and meshed with the transmission rack 63, and is used for driving the transmission rack 63 to horizontally move along the side moving direction; the step motor 61 is controlled by the MCU, and drives the transmission gear 62 according to the voltage signal in the position detection coil 3, so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil 21 coincides with the central axis of the ground bipolar transmitting coil 1, so as to improve the side shift tolerance of the wireless charging system.
A method for controlling charging of a self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system, as shown in fig. 9, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: the vehicle is driven into a highway with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to the transmitting coil, and meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil by a voltage sensor, namely U1., ui., un, wherein i=1, 2, … n, and transmitting the detected voltage information to a vehicle-mounted micro control unit MCU;
step 3: the MCU compares the detected induction voltage U1., ui., un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., ui., un are smaller than Unset, the vehicle is completely driven out of a charging area, prompt information that the vehicle is driven out of the charging area is sent at the moment, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
step 4: according to the magnitude of the induced voltage U1., ui., un in the position detection coil, the lateral displacement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil is determined; recording the position of the central axis of the detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil;
step 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the side moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions at the moment;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative positions of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a stop charging signal.
Example 2
The high-frequency inverter, the transmitting end resonant capacitor and the transmitting coil are arranged below the ground; the high-frequency inversion source generates output voltage with the frequency of 20-85 kHz, and high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the bipolar transmitting coil after passing through the transmitting end compensation capacitor, so that a high-frequency magnetic field is generated in space; the receiving coil in the vehicle-mounted receiving end device picks up the magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil to generate high-frequency induction voltage, converts the high-frequency induction voltage into direct-current voltage through the receiving end rectifying circuit, is connected with the input end of the receiving end DC/DC conversion device, and charges the battery after converting the charging voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery into proper voltage;
the transmitting end compensation capacitor resonates with the transmitting coil, and the resonant frequency is the same as the working frequency of the high-frequency inversion source, so that the power capacity of the high-frequency inversion source is reduced; the bipolar transmitting coil has an 8-shaped coil structure, so that the leakage magnetic field at two sides of the transmitting coil can be effectively reduced; the receiving end compensation circuit can adopt a series compensation circuit or a LCL (liquid crystal display) and other composite compensation circuits, and the receiving end compensation circuit is used for reducing reactive power of a system and improving the power factor of the system;
the working principle of the invention is shown in figure 8.
In the process of dynamic wireless charging of the vehicle, the electric vehicle inevitably deviates from the optimal driving route under the influence of manual driving and traffic environment, so that the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil below the road surface cannot be kept right at all times, as shown in the left side of fig. 8. At the moment, the transmitting coil can generate induced voltage in the vehicle-mounted position detecting coil, the induced voltage U1., ui. in the position detecting coil is transmitted to the vehicle-mounted micro-processing unit MCU through the voltage sensor, and further the lateral displacement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil is determined;
the MCU records the position of the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defines the position as the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil; then, the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the side moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and at the moment, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions, so that the wireless charging system is ensured to work with the highest output power and transmission efficiency;
when the vehicle shifts again, the induced voltage signal in the position detection coil changes, the MCU redefines the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil according to the voltage of the induced voltage in each position detection coil, and then the stepping motor is driven again to align the vehicle-mounted receiving end coil with the central axis of the transmitting coil, so that the purpose that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned right opposite to each other in real time in the driving process is realized.
Claims (7)
1. A position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system is characterized by comprising a vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2), a position detection coil (3), a voltage sensor (4), a magnetic field shielding device (5) and a transmission device (6),
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power for the vehicle-mounted battery;
the position detection coil (3) is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground emission coil;
the voltage sensor (4) is used for reading open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device (5) is used for shielding the leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil to interfere the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device (6) is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil (1) are positioned at opposite positions at all times in the driving process;
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) comprises a receiving coil (21), a receiving end magnetic core (22), a coil shell (23), a receiving end shell (24) and a receiving end shell cover plate (25); the receiving coil (21) is a DD type receiving coil, the receiving coil (21) is arranged in a coil housing (23), a receiving end magnetic core (22) is arranged above the coil housing (23), and a receiving end housing (24) is arranged above the receiving end magnetic core (22); the upper part of the receiving end shell (24) is provided with a transmission rack (63) of a transmission device (6), the receiving end shell (24) and the transmission rack (63) are fixedly arranged, the lower surface of the coil shell (23) is provided with a receiving end shell cover plate (25), and the receiving end shell cover plate (25) is connected with the receiving end shell (24) through a non-magnetic screw.
2. A position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, characterized in that the position detection coil (3) comprises N DD-type coils, wherein N is a positive integer and N = 3,5,7, …; the position detection coil (3) and the receiving coil (21) are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the arrangement direction of the position detection coil (3) is the same as that of the receiving coil (21); the N DD-shaped coils are arranged along the lateral movement direction, wherein the central axis of the first DD-shaped coil coincides with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the DD-shaped coils at the 2 nd to N th positions are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent DD coils is the same.
3. A position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 2, characterized in that the position detection coils (3) are open-circuit coils.
4. The position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 2, wherein the voltage sensor (4) is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) and is used for measuring induced voltages in the N DD-type coils.
5. The position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field shielding device (5) comprises a shielding magnetic core (51) and a shielding aluminum plate (52), the magnetic field shielding device (5) is installed between the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) and the position detection coil (3), and the shielding magnetic core (51) is installed at one side close to the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2); the shielding aluminum plate (52) is arranged on one side close to the position detection coil (3).
6. The position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the transmission means (6) comprises a stepper motor (61), a transmission gear (62) and a transmission rack (63); the transmission rack (63) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2); the transmission gear (62) is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor (61) and meshed with the transmission rack (63), the stepping motor (61) is controlled by the MCU, and the transmission gear (62) is driven according to a voltage signal in the position detection coil (3) so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil (21) coincides with the central axis of the bipolar transmitting coil (1) on the ground.
7. The charge control method of a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the charge control method comprises the steps of:
step 1: the vehicle is driven into a highway with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to the transmitting coil, and meanwhile, the vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil by a voltage sensor, namely U1., ui., un, wherein i=1, 2, … n, and transmitting the detected voltage information to a vehicle-mounted micro control unit MCU;
step 3: the MCU compares the detected induction voltage U1., ui., un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., ui., un are smaller than Unset, the vehicle is completely driven out of a charging area, prompt information that the vehicle is driven out of the charging area is sent at the moment, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
step 4: according to the magnitude of the induced voltage U1., ui., un in the position detection coil, the lateral displacement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil is determined; recording the position of the central axis of the detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil;
step 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the side moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are positioned at opposite positions at the moment;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative positions of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a stop charging signal.
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| CN113665377B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2024-02-09 | 华北理工大学 | Full intelligent unmanned electric power storage type traction locomotive operation system |
| CN113937903B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-10-17 | 东风汽车有限公司东风日产乘用车公司 | Vehicle-end wireless charging device, charging method, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114030381B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-12-05 | 重庆前卫无线电能传输研究院有限公司 | High-power wireless energy transmission system of heavy-load AGV trolley and control method |
| CN114475293B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2024-01-30 | 北京理工大学 | Automatic starting and guiding system for wireless charging of electric automobile without position sensor |
| CN115912686A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-04 | 深圳威迈斯新能源股份有限公司 | Wireless charging positioning calibration device and calibration method |
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