CN112691252A - 血浆分离装置 - Google Patents
血浆分离装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112691252A CN112691252A CN202011268595.0A CN202011268595A CN112691252A CN 112691252 A CN112691252 A CN 112691252A CN 202011268595 A CN202011268595 A CN 202011268595A CN 112691252 A CN112691252 A CN 112691252A
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Abstract
一种血浆分离装置,包括柱或者其它流动机构,在将血浆从诸如血细胞、血小板等的细胞成分分离之后血浆在该柱或流动机构中流动。该柱包括一部分(moiety),例如抗体,其选择地结合至半乳糖凝集素‑3。通过从哺乳动物的血流中将半乳糖凝集素‑3移除至少10%,可实现或改进对炎症的处理,抑制纤维化的形成,和改进多种癌症治疗。该装置提供了多个柱,以移除多种成分,其中包括一个柱用于从血流选择性移除半乳糖凝集素‑3。在将血浆与血液细胞成分重新结合之前,以及在将结合的血流返回至患体之前,可将其它药剂添加至血浆。
Description
本申请是申请日为2014年5月20日、申请号为201480070334.4、发明名称“血浆分离装置”的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及执行哺乳动物血液的血浆分离的装置,包括从血液选择地移除一定百分比的循环半乳糖凝集素-3(gal-3)。该装置不仅具有从血液移除半乳糖凝集素-3(或者其它半乳糖凝集素)的能力,还可移除其它潜在有害的因子,并在将血液返回至哺乳动物患体时将另外的治疗的或者有益的因子引入血液。
背景技术
本发明涉及申请日为2012年9月28日,申请号为13/863,989的美国专利申请,以及申请日为2013年12月27日,申请号为14/141,509的美国专利申请所公开和要求保护的主题,并且要求其权益。在此结合该两个申请的公开内容作为参考。在法律允许的情况下,申请人要求该两个申请的申请日的优先权。
半乳糖凝集素-3成为试图解释哺乳动物中引起炎症,纤维化,和多种形式的癌症的机制的多种研究的焦点。在本申请中的“哺乳动物”意图表示人类,但是还指值得投资其健康的具有足够价值的哺乳动物,包括陪伴哺乳动物,例如狗和猫,以及商业哺乳动物,例如奶牛、马、山羊和猪。该术语还包括可用作研究模型以及陪伴动物的更高级的哺乳动物,例如猴子。本发明当然集中于人。
半乳糖凝集素属于外源凝集素(结合糖的蛋白)类,其特征在于具有至少一种糖识别域(CRD),其具有亲贝塔半乳糖苷性。该蛋白仅在最近被认识为一类,但在整个动物领域中发现,且在哺乳动物、鸟类、两栖动物、鱼、寄生虫、线虫、且甚至真菌中发现该蛋白。
半乳糖凝集素介导和调节多种细胞内和细胞外功能,且因此在细胞内表达,并且频繁地对准特定的细胞溶质位置,并从细胞分泌,用于细胞物外分布,作为人的血浆的成分。由细胞外半乳糖凝集素介导的多种功能中包括炎症,纤维化形成,细胞粘着,细胞增殖,转移灶形成(metastatic formation),血管发生(癌症)和免疫抑制。
半乳糖凝集素为十五(15)种糖结合蛋白(凝集素)类,其在动物种类中高度保守。大部分半乳糖凝集素为广泛地分布,然而半乳糖凝集素-5,-10,和-12显示组织特异性分布。半乳糖凝集素为可变地表达为所有免疫细胞,其在活性B和T细胞,炎症巨噬细胞,天然杀伤(NK)细胞,以及FoxP3调节T细胞中表达升高。半乳糖凝集素包括多种结构,但是相对保守的糖识别域(CRD)。大部分半乳糖凝集素显示单个CRD,且具有作为单体的生物活性(半乳糖凝集素-5,-7,和-10),或者需要用于功能性活动的同源二聚化(半乳糖凝集素-1,-2,-11,-13,-14,和-15)。可选地,串联重复类型半乳糖凝集素(半乳糖凝集素-4,-8,-9,和-12)包括由短的连接肽分离的两个CRD,而半乳糖凝集素-3(嵌合体类型)具有融合至非凝集素域的单个CRD,其可与其它半乳糖凝集素-3单体结合以形成低聚物五聚体(oligomericpentamer)。已知的,一些半乳糖凝集素,例如半乳糖凝集素-10,结合至含有甘露糖的聚糖。在半乳糖凝集素的类中,-1,-3和-9作为潜在的治疗目标是非常重要的,且-2,-4,-5,-6,-7,-8,-10,-11,-12,-13,-14和-15的出现也指示与发病率和死亡率相关联的多种生物途径。
因此,半乳糖凝集素-7已经涉及一些类型的癌症的发展,St.Pierre et al,Front.Biosci.,1:17,438-50(2012),以及涉及多种特定的癌症,包括在结肠和乳腺癌中的半乳糖凝集素-2,-4,和-8,Barrow et al,Clin.Cancer Res,.15;17(22)7035-46(2011)。舌头上的鳞状细胞癌,Alves et al,Pathol.Res,.15;17(22)7035-46(2011)已经示出为与半乳糖凝集素-1,-3,和-7相关联,而宫颈鳞状细胞癌示出与半乳糖凝集素-7水平相关联,Zhu et al,Int.J.Cancer,(Aug.,2012)。多种半乳糖凝集素,包括半乳糖凝集素-15,半乳糖凝集素-13和半乳糖凝集素-10已经示出与植入和怀孕相关联。例如参见,Than et al,Eur.J.Biochem.271(6)1065-78(2004),Lewis et al,Biol.Reprod.77(6);1027-36(2007)。多种半乳糖凝集素,包括半乳糖凝集素-2,3,8和其它的已经识别为与多种自身免疫性疾病相关联,例如狼疮。Salwati et al,J.Infect.Dis.1;202(1)117-24(2010),Palet al,Biochim.Biophys.Acta.,1820(10)1512-18(2012)and Janko et al,Lupus 21(7):781-3(2012)。多种半乳糖凝集素(包括半乳糖凝集素-3)的升高水平与在伤口愈合等时发生的炎症和纤维组织形成相关联。Gal et al,Acta.Histochem.Cytochem.26:44(5);191-9(2011)。很明显,炎症和纤维化途径的介导使得半乳糖凝集素作为多种疾病、损伤和外伤相关现象的关键因素。在很多情况下,不需要的多种半乳糖凝集素的聚集的产生可加重疾病情况或者外伤情况,或者干扰对疾病的治疗,例如癌症或者充血性心力衰竭。在认识为在人体中活跃的半乳糖凝集素的类中,半乳糖凝集素-1,半乳糖凝集素-3,和半乳糖凝集素-9为特别重要的。如上所述,这些蛋白质大体在此称为半乳糖凝集素-1,半乳糖凝集素-3,和半乳糖凝集素-9。在人体中的多种情况,从与受孕相关的问题到哮喘,到慢性心力衰竭,到癌症,到病毒感染,到中风,以及以外的问题,由比正常半乳糖凝集素浓度更高的半乳糖凝集素浓度介导和加重。因此,与其它半乳糖凝集素类似,半乳糖凝集素-3在纤维化,炎症和细胞增殖中的特别显著,而半乳糖凝集素-1也在成功的怀孕所需要的免疫抑制中扮演重要角色。半乳糖凝集素-9也被认为与神经细胞的分化相关。半乳糖凝集素-9示出为与免疫炎性疾病的病变调控相关联,且大体参与在炎症中-半乳糖凝集素-9很明显参与在炎症部位的嗜曙红细胞补充。其还出现以在一些活化细胞中介导细胞凋亡。尽管这里的讨论适用于循环活性半乳糖凝集素-1,半乳糖凝集素-3,半乳糖凝集素-9,以及总体的半乳糖凝集素,其中升高的循环半乳糖凝集素水平与疾病或受伤情况相关联,但比起任何其它的半乳糖凝集素对在疾病和外伤进展中的半乳糖凝集素-3的作用进行了更多的解释,且因此其在此作为示例。更具体地,本发明集中于从哺乳动物,具体地人的血浆中去除活性半乳糖凝集素-3。半乳糖凝集素-3已经示出为涉及大量的生物学过程,其中很多与多种疾病状态相关联。结合以及阻断在循环中的半乳糖凝集素-3的活性,或者因此从循环移除大量的半乳糖凝集素-3可改进现有的医疗处理,抑制和/或减少由其它引起的炎症和纤维化,且使得可能介入以其它方式不容易处理的多种疾病情况。本发明同样可应用于降低其它活性半乳糖凝集素的循环水平,以解决由这些半乳糖凝集素所介导的情况。“活性”半乳糖凝集素是指生物学活性的分子。如所述,例如,半乳糖凝集素-3可以是活性的,即,作为单体或低聚物,响应于多种外伤和情况而介导哺乳动物。在任何哺乳动物中,在任何给定时间,大量的半乳糖凝集素-3和其它半乳糖凝集素以非活性状态而出现-即,其是以该方式的组织结合或配体结合以阻止分子相互作用。该半乳糖凝集素分子可成为活性的,且可以是或成为这里所公开的本发明的移除目标,当监测患体情况和控制响应时,本发明的焦点是适用于从血流移除活性半乳糖凝集素的装置。本发明使用血浆分离法,有时也称作血浆分离置换法,和/或治疗的血浆分离,以控制循环中的半乳糖凝集素-3的水平,且更具体地是生物活性半乳糖凝集素。首先将全血分为细胞和血浆成分。接着将血浆引导通过流体途径,并与可从血浆分离的半乳糖凝集素-3结合药剂混合,或者和阻断灭活半乳糖凝集素-3一起返回身体,或者引导通过结合半乳糖凝集素-3的固体支架,接着将血浆以降低的半乳糖凝集素-3水平而返回至身体。因此,本发明可用于将结合的半乳糖凝集素-3移除,作为减少总的半乳糖凝集素-3的含量的策略的一部分。然而,在本申请中,重点在于作为治疗方法移除活性或未结合的半乳糖凝集素-3。
相关技术
本申请涉及申请日为2011年6月6日提交的美国专利申请第13/153,648号。该申请相应地要求2013年4月23日授予的美国专利第8,426,567号的优先权。在此结合该两个专利文件的内容作为参考。在美国专利申请第13/153,648号(美国专利公开US-2011-0294755A1)中,公开了处理细胞增殖、炎症和纤维化加重的方法,其包括给予可结合循环半乳糖凝集素-3的药剂,例如改性柑橘果胶,(MCP),具有两万(20,000)道尔顿或更少,优选一万(10,000)道尔顿等的减轻的分子重量的柑橘果胶。MCP可从EcoNugenics of SantaRosa,California购得,且在美国专利Nos.6,274,566和6,462,029中说明。
生物学背景技术
半乳糖凝集素-3大致为30kDa,且与所有的半乳糖凝集素相似,包括大约一百三十(130)氨基酸的糖识别域(CRD),其允许特异性结合β-半乳糖苷。半乳糖凝集素-3由位于染色体14,基因座q21-q22上的单个基因,LGALS3编码。该蛋白质示出为涉及在大量的生物学过程中。这里所列的表仅仅是作为新的情况的示例,半乳糖凝集素-3的作用还在持续发现中。在示出为由半乳糖凝集素-3至少部分地介导细胞水平的生物学过程中,包括细胞粘着,细胞迁移,细胞侵入,细胞活化,和化学吸引,细胞生长和分化,血管发生和细胞凋亡。
由于半乳糖凝集素-3的宽的生物学功能,其示出为涉及在大量的疾病状态或药物关联(medical implication)中。研究已显示半乳糖凝集素-3的表达涉及在与心力衰竭相关联的多种过程中,包括成肌纤维细胞增殖,纤维形成,组织修复,炎症,和心室和组织重构。在血液中的升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平已发现为与升高的发病率和死亡率显著相关。其也发现为与在急性失代偿心力衰竭和慢性心力衰竭比例中的更高死亡风险显著相关。
多种研究已示出升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平使得与细胞增殖相关联的多种疾病情况恶化。高水平的半乳糖凝集素-3与多种癌症中的癌症生长和癌症演至转移阶段进相关联。多种癌症已经具体地涉及或关联升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平,包括肝癌、肾癌、乳腺癌、***癌、结肠癌、甲状腺癌、胆囊癌、鼻咽癌、淋巴细胞性白血病、肺癌、黑素瘤、多骨髓瘤、多形性恶性胶质瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、***、脑癌等。升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平还示出为涉及或者抑制常规的抗瘤剂疗法,例如化学疗法处理,如顺铂、多柔比星和相关的化学疗法。
炎症是经常碰到的身体情况-身体对多种疾病和外伤的天然响应。如上所述的其他情况,在正常水平以上的半乳糖凝集素-3水平涉及在发生有害炎症的多种情况中。同样,条件和疾病状态的列表由于太多而不能穷举每个可能性,但是与升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平相关的炎症情况包括与以下相关的加重炎症,不可降解病原体,自身免疫反应,***反应,电离辐射暴露,糖尿病,心脏病和功能障碍,动脉粥样硬化,支气管炎,肠溃疡,肠炎,肝硬化相关肝炎,寄生虫相关炎症,病毒感染相关炎症,霉菌感染相关炎症,细菌感染相关炎症,细胞内有机体的感染相关炎症和相关感染,例如结核病、结节病、猫抓热、支原体、莱姆关节炎、巴尔通体病、埃里希体病、立克次氏体病、巴倍西虫病等。与关节炎相关的炎症,包括多发性硬化症,银屑病,阿尔茨海默病,帕金森病,和肌萎缩侧索硬化(ALS),也可被解决。而且,虽然炎症是身体响应于各种不适所频繁使用的途径,已发现升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平会加重和助长炎症,使得本应易处理的伤害和损伤在多种情况下导致发病率和死亡率,这包括由于以下条件引发的炎症,即重金属中毒,农药,氧化剂,环境***,以及类似的毒素,中风和相关的缺血性损伤,由于扑热息痛引起的肝炎,在自身免疫性疾病中大体包括的多种T细胞介导响应等。半乳糖凝集素-3还涉及在以下疾病中,包括肾损伤和肾病,肝炎,肺动脉高血压和纤维化,糖尿病,和胃肠炎情况,如溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、腹部疾病等。
如所述,活性半乳糖凝集素-3的升高循环水平关联于且很明显助长多种炎症情况,包括引起心血管、肾、肺、脑和肝病的炎症。半乳糖凝集素-3还关联于纤维化形成,具体地响应于器官损伤。已发现较高水平的循环半乳糖凝集素-3诱发心血管疾病,消化***疾病,心血管损伤,肾脏组织损伤,脑损伤,肺损伤,肝组织损伤,由于辐射治疗引起的组织损伤,和***和皮肤的疾病和情况(如全身性硬化症)中的病原性纤维化。
因此,现有技术已经充分说明升高的半乳糖凝集素-3以及半乳糖凝集素-1和半乳糖凝集素-9水平可复杂化和加重多种疾病和伤害情况。如果找到一种方法来控制炎症和纤维化的形成将是有价值的,其中炎症和纤维化是有害的,特别是在上述情况下,且在心脏病护理和其他器官组织疾病和损伤中很显著。同样地,对加速细胞增殖和转移的半乳糖凝集素-3介导的细胞响应进行控制是有价值的,包括肿瘤的生长,癌症细胞的转移和癌症的转移扩散。现有技术的另一个目标是通过常规的药剂来避免在癌症治疗中由升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平的干扰所引起的问题,该常规药剂例如博来霉素,多柔比星(阿霉素)和其它蒽环类抗生素,环磷酰胺和环孢霉素A,以及目标生物药剂,例如VEGF和EGF抑制剂,示例为贝伐单抗(阿瓦斯汀)和爱必妥(西妥昔单抗)。由这些药剂引起的一些副作用为半乳糖凝集素-3介导,且可由本发明解决和改善,并且其作用机制可由半乳糖凝集素-3阻断(促进血管发生)。还出现升高的半乳糖凝集素-3水平以干扰用于其他应用中使用的药物,例如抗心律不齐药胺碘酮(可达龙),和抑制素药。
血浆分离法是血液分离技术,其中血液通过针或者导管从身体转移至分离器,该分离器移除血细胞并将其返回至身体,留下血浆。当血浆与细胞成分重新结合或者置换流体被添加至血细胞时,细胞返回至身体。该类型的技术在历史上被用于治疗自体免疫性疾病,其中通过将血浆与其所结合的配体接触而将待处理的抗体移除。接着根据需要扩充血浆,通过抗凝血剂,治疗学和相关成分,重新与血细胞结合并返回至身体。总体上,在使用血浆分离或更换治疗法的现有技术方法中,如美国专利公开US 2006/0129082中所示,该技术用于瞄准并移除“有毒血清成分”,例如氨、尿酸和细胞生长阻止剂。该相同的参考文件,在[0009]-[0010]段大体上警告血浆分离的使用。类似的警告在Kyles et al,Am.J.Crit.Care,14,109–112(2005)中提出,审查用于支持免疫球蛋白败血病治疗而使用血浆分离术,提出传统上,血浆分离术用于治疗以移除自体免疫性疾病中的病原性自体抗体和内毒素以及用于移除由引起败血病的感染组织所产生的有害物质。
血浆分离装置的背景
用于血浆分离的装置的较早形式在美国专利No.3,625,212中提出,其说明了保证处理后的血浆,以及分离的血细胞返回至合适的供体的装置。美国专利No.4,531,932通过离心解决血浆分离,该方法用于在快速和几乎连续的基础上将红血球分离出来。美国专利Nos.6,245,038和6,627,151分别说明了多种方法,用于将血浆内容分离出来,并将处理后的血浆返回至患体,其首先要移除红血球,从而大体通过移除高分子重量的蛋白而减小血液粘性。尽管在本发明中,该申请的主题集中于半乳糖凝集素循环水平的降低,例如半乳糖凝集素-3水平,而不是高分子重量蛋白或者直接处理粘性,该四个专利的关于大体可应用于本发明的血浆分离技术和装置的公开内容在此结合作为参考。在血浆分离置换法(包括血浆分离法)中的先进之处,已显示了使用具有高渗透膜(例如来自Asahi Medical的Plasmaflo AP-05H)的血液透析设备和处于超滤模式的标准透析机器的效用。这与在应用中的血液灌流相似。
发明内容
本发明的血浆分离装置通过提供从血浆选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3而推进该技术,该血浆为从需要减少活性半乳糖凝集素-3的哺乳动物的全血中分离。在申请日为2012年9月28日的共同待审美国专利申请第13/863,989号,和申请日为2013年12月27日的共同待审美国专利申请第14/141,509号中提到,将活性半乳糖凝集素-3从哺乳动物的血流中去除可有效地解决不期望的炎症,减少了纤维化,特别是心脏纤维化,引起的危险,从而减轻了多种癌症的危险或扩散,促进了治疗等。因此,该血浆分离装置的关键要求是选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3。这通过将分离的血浆引导通过选择地结合半乳糖凝集素-3的部件而实现。其可以是柱,容器,或相似的平台,在其中主动结合半乳糖凝集素-3的材料(例如抗体)被实体地保持,从而在血浆通过时,流过其中的显著部分的半乳糖凝集素-3被柱结合。在其它实施方式中,选择性移除半乳糖凝集素-3通过将在机器管道中的血浆流与结合半乳糖凝集素-3的材料结合而实现,且接着半乳糖凝集素-3通过专用于其的抗体或者通过辅助装置被容易地移除,该辅助装置例如是附接的磁性颗粒,其可通过选择性地应用磁荷而提取。
然而,本发明不限于移除半乳糖凝集素-3。理想机器的选择性移除能力能从血液移除其它可介导或者加重疾病情况的成分。仅作为可能方案的一个示例,该机器可设置有多个移除或吸收柱,其中一个移除半乳糖凝集素-3,且第二个移除TNFα,以及第三个移除TGFβ,或者同一个柱具有按顺序排列的多个过滤器,以移除该三种物质。其它待移除成分的示例有,C反应蛋白(CRP),血纤蛋白,NFkβ,不同的炎症细胞因子等,其可在患体的包括癌症的多种疾病状态中的慢性炎症中涉及。在本发明的装置中,血液处理不仅移除增强炎症的响应增强因子,通过这样做还能移除阻挡其的标记(marker)的受体-抗肿瘤药物或治疗的效果可增强。因此,本发明的装置有利地包括多个柱或者移除元件,用于选择地移除不仅仅是半乳糖凝集素-3,还有通常发现在具有多种慢性和急性情况的个人的血液中升高的其它介质。
在优先权文件中还说明了,有效地治疗可不仅取决于从血液选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3和其它血液介质,也取决于在血液返回至哺乳动物之前添加的治疗或者有益成分。通常,添加药剂至血浆是给予治疗(例如,药物、维他命或者类似的成分)的有效和高效方式。因此,尽管对选择性移除半乳糖凝集素-3不是必要的,本发明的装置可包括多个端口,用于添加多种药剂至血浆和获得的全血。其示例包括多种顺势疗法药物,代谢调节剂,免疫反应改性剂,药物和多种细胞毒素成分,抗菌剂,螯合剂,可以是目标类型,以辅助治疗。
附图说明
在此结合的且构成说明书的一部分的附图示出了本发明的示例实施方式,且与上述说明和下文中的详细说明共同用于解释本发明的特征。
图1是本发明装置的总体示意图,反映了将全血分为血和血浆,对血浆的处理,将血浆返回至血液成分以及将处理后的全血输送回至患体。
图2是该装置的部分示意图,其中血浆从血液分离出,(其可通过几种现有的分离技术中的一种而进行),在至少一个柱中进行处理,并经由管道返回至血液和提供者。
图3是本发明装置的示意图,特意模仿了图1的结构,但是反映出该装置能引入多个柱和端口,以移除和添加多种成分至血浆以及最终至患体。
具体实施方式
大体在图1中示出了本发明的血浆分离装置。通常通过将静脉导管***肢体外周静脉或者中央静脉,而从哺乳动物患体1002抽取血液。中央静脉允许更高的流速且更加便于用于重复的过程,但是通常是并发症发生部位,特别是细菌感染。实际上,导管不是本发明的装置的一部分,且通常由操作者提供,例如诊所或医院。导管连接至装置的管道1000,且由泵1006所辅助的主动流动(positive flow)将血液分配通过***。
实际上,一旦血液被从患体的身体移除,则血浆分离装置以常规方法开始。因此,作为该装置的使用中的第一步骤,在入口1004提供抗凝血剂,例如肝素或者非天然物质,如新抗凝或者苯茚满二酮。增加抗凝血剂有效地防止流动通过管道和返回患体所引起的凝块,是很关键的。在很多个体中,在抗凝血剂添加处和血液/血浆分离装置1012之间提供入口是有益的,如图1所示,但不是必需的。
为了降低粘性和压力,以及让治疗实用和有效,诸如红血球(红细胞),白血球(白细胞),和血小板的细胞组分被从血浆移除和分离。这在分离装置1012处发生。该分离装置可以任何常规方式使用。离心分离是本领域中的老方法。其可包括不连续流束离心,其中使用一个静脉导管,且每次将等分试样血液(可能最多约500ml)移除且离心,以将血细胞从血浆移除。还已知连续流束离心,其减少了在给定时间离开身体的血液量,但这需要使用两条静脉管线。这是最常用的方法,其中血液从一个位置抽取出并通过另一个位置返回,通常在两个不同的肢体中。所使用的导管允许逆向流动。几乎总是使用连续流动,在给定的时间仅180ml血液在身体外(体外)。该方法通常平均以60ml/分钟抽取血液,并且在约2小时内可过滤1.5倍的血浆体积。可根据医疗需要而调节待过滤的流动速度和血浆体积。
作为离心的可选方式,使用现有标准的透析膜的膜式血浆分离可更加温和,但是会增加治疗所花的时间。
总体而言,在使用本发明的装置的过程中需要对患体的支持和监督。尽管该装置可能主要是自动的,然而这不是大体适用于家用或者没有监督地使用的装置。因此,提供操作者控制台或者界面,其允许直接控制,以及实际上该装置的任何功能的自动化,包括添加的如抗凝血剂等药剂的水平,输送的速度,柱的类型,端口采样等。使用该装置连续地监控多种哺乳动物指征(mammalian indication)是实际和可能的,且为此提供了采样端口。操作平台的部分可包括监视器,其检查脉搏率、氧饱和、基本ECG节奏和血压。
在分离单元1012处,从哺乳动物患体1002移除的流束被分开,其中在流体中所支撑的红血球和其它细胞组分被引导返回。在返回之前,在该管线中通常提供一个或多个端口。在这时,可能有多种原因要移除细胞。这可与血浆分离装置结合,但是除了分离血细胞以外还提供端口以移除多种细胞,包括例如干细胞,T细胞,B细胞,NK细胞等。存在着更多的机会以从血浆获得多种细胞以及使用或返回,但是该操作可合并至和结合至血浆分离单元1012。
来自分离器的血浆被泵1010驱动通过至少一个柱1008。如上所述,柱1008包括一个或多个元件,其选择地结合或者从血浆移除半乳糖凝集素-3。在最常规的形式中,“柱”是与实体地固定的接合剂对准的管,例如通过诸如琼脂糖等的添加剂而结合至管的内壁的抗体,但是已知与体外血浆流道兼容的多种抗体结合蛋白质,包括蛋白A、蛋白G和蛋白L。可使用其它接合剂,例如带负电荷的化合物、树脂、糖蛋白等。随着血浆通过管道,其必然地“浸浴”结合部分(binding moieties),选择地将一百分比的半乳糖凝集素-3从血浆移除。该柱可以是任何已知的,如上所示,可以不是“常规的柱”(例如旋转柱),而实际上是在其中让半乳糖凝集素-3选择地被改性粒子结合的开口通道,该改性粒子例如生物相容性的果胶粒子或者半乳糖凝集素结合性分子,N-乙酰氨基乳糖,或者改性果胶,例如柑橘果胶。这些粒子通常被改性以包括让其直接固定和/或移除的成分,例如可由合适的磁体结合的磁性吸引粒子。柱的特性没有具体的限制,只是其必须选择地结合半乳糖凝集素-3。柱的尺寸和数量可改变,且理想地,根据患体的需要,本发明的装置可容纳不同数量的柱。一个柱例如可有效地移除患体循环中10%或者更多的活性半乳糖凝集素-3。尽管对于很多患体而言,百分之十将产生有效治疗效果,然而在一些患体中,根据选择条件的特性,例如包括选择减轻炎症(而不是阻止转移癌的扩散),则可需要更多的移除。因此,本发明的装置可设置有多个柱1008。由此,使用该装置可有效地移除百分之十五,百分之二十,或者甚至更多,最多到大约百分之四十的循环半乳糖凝集素-3。由柱1008所选择移除的半乳糖凝集素-3的量由***的流体动力学、材料亲和性(binding affinities)、以及患体的需要而有效地限制。再生柱(regeneration columns)可被放置在彼此平行的位置,从而可再生或者清洁,且机器可在其之间以一定的血浆容积间隔而自动转换。在血浆分离技术领域中通常使用的相关部件包括用于全血、血浆的压力管线,以及用于柱的压力管线,柱分别具有压力过滤器和压力监测管线。对于全血需要单独的泵,且进而对于血浆流动途径需要单独的泵,以及然后还对于一些类型的柱(例如双再生吸附柱)需要单独的泵,因为其执行冲洗和清理且前后交替,所以其需要其自己的泵。常用的还有空气检测器、血液泄漏检测器、传导率检测器、血液加热器、废物袋/管线等,以及用于柱再生的流体输入管线。在此这些都共同地称作柱支撑元件。
流动血浆处理包括选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3,血浆流与细胞成分(RBC,WBC,血小板)流再结合,该再结合的血液返回至患体。通常,使用合成血浆、白蛋白、辅助血细胞和有时生理盐水溶液的一定水平的增加,通过经由端口向装置管道增加而便于流动返回。所观察到的速度和压力是常规的。因此,患体连接至装置的处理可包括几个小时。有效的处理取决于多种因素,包括患体的因素和机器本身的能力。时常,处理每周进行多于一次,且在急性的情况下,每天多于一次。在返回的血浆/血液中以及在抽取的血液中的半乳糖凝集素-3浓度,以及目标用于所述患体的其它药剂的浓度被监测,以允许监测和平衡。当活性半乳糖凝集素-3被减少至有利水平时,血液抽取结束,且在最后的血浆/血液返回至患体时,处理结束。
图2反映了装置的“血浆循环”。如所示,在增加了抗凝血剂之后,从患体移除的全血在管道2000中输送。在图2中,在分离装置2012处发生血液/血浆分离,该分离装置2012可选地为膜式分离装置,其中通道可根据尺寸而定。血浆在所示的箭头的方向被分流,而红血球和其它细胞成分继续通过管道2000。该循环的主要部件为“柱”2008。该柱不需要为传统的柱。中空玻璃纤维过滤技术为广泛可用的。一种代表的产品由中国的Calux提供,然而还有多个已知的供应商。关于该“柱”的新颖和不同之处在于其选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3。
很清楚,通过血浆分离改进情况的患体将很可能通过移除血浆中发现的其它不正常升高的或者潜在有害的物质或者药剂而获得增加的治疗益处,因此可使用多于一个“柱”2008。本发明的装置可提供多个过滤器,以作为优选实施方式中的“托架(cassette)”而旋转进或出。在潜在目标中,用于与选择移除半乳糖凝集素-3共同移除的可以是重金属(例如,汞),抗体,例如危险的自体抗体,农药和毒素,LDLs,Lp-PLA-2,LP(a),氧化胆固醇,氧化LDL,细胞因子(示例例如IL-6,IL-8),多种类型的免疫球蛋白,补体,CRP,TNFα,TNFα的受体,TGFβ,NFkβ,例如VEGF的生长因子,例如CRP的其它发炎因子,血纤蛋白原,例如用于铜的血浆铜蓝蛋白的重金属结合蛋白质,其它半乳糖凝集素(具体地为半乳糖凝集素-1和9),以及例如IL-2受体、TNF-α受体的细胞因子受体,等。因此,如果在血浆处理循环的开始、中间或结束提供选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3,则可使用专用于其它成分的柱来移除其它成分。
如所述,除了移除半乳糖凝集素-3的值,所要求的装置可在将血液重新引入患体之前有利地提供增加多种药剂。上述增加以及其它药物为可预期的。如具体地示出的,所结合的公开使得其很清楚,将一定量的循环半乳糖凝集素-3移除可增进一定抗瘤剂药物的有效性。为了将该增强作用最大化,可在血流返回至患体之前,将药物有利地增加至血浆或者重新结合至血流,从而当在患体中的半乳糖凝集素-3可能为最低时将其加入。在图3中示出了优选的装置,从而本领域技术人员可将简化的装置与上述说明进行比较。来自患体3002的血液再次流动通过管道3000,在其中添加抗凝血剂以防止离体以及随后重新引入患体时结块。在3004处添加抗凝血剂,在此之后血流流经泵3006,通过端口3016。在血液、红血球和血浆流经过的管道中包括多个端口3016。图中示出了三个端口,然而实际上该装置可包括目的所需的数量的端口,且通常可包括更多。更加实际的值可能是六个,然而端口可用于如上所述地抽取流体和添加成分。在优选的实施方式中,端口的包括抽取和添加的操作通过自动装置控制***而进行,其中操作由操作者预选,或者根据需要选择手动操作。有利地,端口设置在抽取患体的血液的管线中,分离之后的血浆管线,红血球管线中,以及在重新引入患体之前的重新结合管线中,但是端口的布置和选择对于各个机器是不同的。
除了如上所述地移除和添加多种成分之外,所述的装置允许使用分离器,例如分离器3012,从而“采集”用于处理或使用的多种细胞,例如B细胞,T细胞,血小板,干细胞等。很多这些细胞和碎片被有用地存储用于稍后的患体处理。有利地,这些细胞通过相同的装置被抽取和改性以及返回,示例为T细胞或B细胞淋巴细胞被处理以能够识别在特定患体中的特定类型的癌症细胞,并对其进行攻击。当重新引入该装置而半乳糖凝集素-3和其它炎症减少时,抗肿瘤效果可增强同时避免了危险,该危险通常为威胁生命的发炎反应。借助这种类型的装置能最佳地利用多种增强的疗法,例如循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)疗法。在多种优点中,通过使用本机器可有效地简化患体采样,减少感染可能性,以及改进监测和控制。在CTC中,在分离器中将肿瘤细胞从分离的血浆移除。作为有效的转移性肿瘤栓的这些细胞被改性以承载抗体和/或病毒,且返回至身体。其有效地成为目标杀伤细胞,其为身体识别并且不进行攻击。该改性的细胞还可用于形成抗体,其接着被重新引入身体并攻击在患体中存在的任何癌症,或者从癌症患体采集的淋巴细胞对患体的癌症细胞的特定表面膜蛋白敏化,接着将其返回。在减少炎症负担的情况下进行该过程减少了副作用,且可增强该疗法的有效性。
各血浆分离装置可以不同的方式被优化,但是图3中所示的装置包括三个不同的柱3008a-c。这些柱被单独地指示。其中的一个将如上所述地选择地移除半乳糖凝集素-3,而剩下的两个将以任何顺序选择地移除其它成分,该移除可提供治疗益处。这些柱3008中的每一个将被提供有其本身的支撑元件。相关的支撑元件3014可被布置于血浆分离装置的管道通路。如上所述,在大部分装置中将进行多种因子的移除和添加,以及采样。这最容易通过慎重设置的支撑元件3014进行,该支撑元件3014可与柱3008结合或者单独地作用,如图3所示。
监测可在控制界面3018处由操作者进行,该控制界面3018如所示与如上所述的装置和端口有效地通信。通信可以是硬线的,以与用于外科操作的装置(如DaVinciTM装置)相似的方式,或者可远程的且通过蓝牙或者因特网方式而实现。界面3018常规地包括可显示多种相关数据的视觉显示器,通过该界面3018的计算机控制允许对本发明的血浆分离装置的大部分的预编程操作,且使用报警器和相似的方法向操作者提醒发生在“正常”参数以外的情况。有利地,通过伺服电机控制,操作者通过预编程操作或者直接地进行柱更换,流动修正,端口打开和关闭,抽取和添加,而不需要另外的个人。这不仅仅限制了处理的成本和时间,还减少了复杂性和限制了感染风险。
已经对本发明的多个实施方式进行了详细说明,很明显可进行修改和改变和不偏离由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的范围。此外,应理解本公开的所有示例尽管示出了本发明的多个实施方式,然而是提供作为非限制的示例,且因此不作为对所示的多个方面的限制。
尽管已参考一些实施方式公开了本发明,然而可对所述的实施方式进行多种改进、修改和改变,而不偏离由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围。因此,本发明不意图限于所述的实施方式,其完整的范围由所附的权利要求及其等同的语言所限定。
Claims (14)
1.一种用于进行血浆分离的装置,包括:
第一管道,从哺乳动物患体抽取的血液在泵的作用下移动通过该第一管道;
分离器,用于从血浆分离所述血液的细胞成分;
柱装置,所述血浆流经该柱装置,其中所述柱装置从所述血浆选择性地移除至少10%的半乳糖凝集素-3(gal-3)以提供经处理的血浆;
第二管道,其在血浆流过所述柱装置后接收所述经处理的血浆,且其中所述经处理的血浆在返回至所述患体之前与在所述分离器中分离的血细胞结合;
其中所述第一和第二管道提供所述血液和血浆从所述患体返回至所述哺乳动物患体的基本连续的流动;
其中所述装置包括至少一个附加柱装置,用于选择性地移除TNFα。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置还包括至少一个附加柱装置,用于移除TGFβ。
3.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置包括至少一个端口,在所述经处理的血浆,分离的血液,或者其二者返回至所述患体之前,可通过该端口将治疗药剂添加至所述经处理的血浆,分离的血液,或者其二者。
4.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置还包括监测台,以允许对所述血浆分离进行监测和控制。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置,其中所述监测台对所述分离器和所述柱装置提供自动控制,并且还提供患体指标监测,该患体指标选自脉搏率,氧饱和度,ECG节律和血压。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述分离器包括离心分离器。
7.如权利要求6所述的装置,其中所述离心分离器是连续流离心分离器。
8.如权利要求6所述的装置,其中所述分离器是不连续流分离器。
9.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述分离器是膜式血浆分离器。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述装置还包括至少一个泵,以推进所述细胞成分前进通过所述管道。
11.如权利要求1所述的装置,还包括至少一个端口,可通过该端口采集选自B细胞、T细胞、血小板、干细胞及其混合物的血液成分以使之改性,并接着经由所述管道返回至所述患体。
12.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述柱装置包括设置有内部的管,其中所述内部具有承载结合半乳糖凝集素-3的药剂的组成部分,且其中所述管中的所述血浆通过所述管的具有所述药剂的区域。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置,其中所述药剂包括与半乳糖凝集素-3结合的配体。
14.如权利要求10所述的装置,其中所述装置包括位于所述分离器上游用于添加抗凝血剂的端口。
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AU2014370393B2 (en) | 2018-09-20 |
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BR112016013876A2 (zh) | 2017-09-19 |
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JP6450767B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
KR20160102440A (ko) | 2016-08-30 |
MX2016008420A (es) | 2016-10-12 |
US10953148B2 (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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CN105828900A (zh) | 2016-08-03 |
US20210138143A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
SG10201804910UA (en) | 2018-07-30 |
ZA201604453B (en) | 2017-09-27 |
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AU2014370393A1 (en) | 2016-06-23 |
WO2015099826A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
EP3086870A4 (en) | 2017-02-15 |
SG11201604881TA (en) | 2016-08-30 |
DK3086870T3 (en) | 2019-03-18 |
JP2017507683A (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
RU2016130573A3 (zh) | 2018-03-23 |
NZ720820A (en) | 2019-10-25 |
RU2680677C2 (ru) | 2019-02-25 |
CA2932902C (en) | 2020-04-21 |
ES2713388T3 (es) | 2019-05-21 |
US20160317734A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
MY184230A (en) | 2021-03-29 |
CA2932902A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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