CN112682077A - Mining anti-impact three-column parallel type retractable pier column structure with active roof connection, supporting system and construction method - Google Patents
Mining anti-impact three-column parallel type retractable pier column structure with active roof connection, supporting system and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type retractable pier column structure with an active top connection function, a supporting system and a construction method. Comprises a shoe board, a top supporting plate and three piers; the three pier studs share the top supporting plate and the shoe plate, and are integrally fixed to realize rigid connection; the pier column comprises an upper section column, a lower section column and a yielding device; the yielding device consists of a plurality of steel plates and yielding small columns, and has two important functions of jacking and contractibility; the yielding device is vertically provided with the yielding small columns, the yielding small columns have different initial supporting forces and different yielding capacities when the diameters and the number of the yielding small columns are different, and the yielding small columns can be steel pipes, steel bars or other compressible materials; the top of the pressure yielding device is contacted with the top cover of the column body; the bottom of the yielding small column is in contact with a freely moving steel plate in the column body, the freely moving steel plate is lifted through grouting to enable the yielding small column to move upwards, the yielding device is driven to achieve top connection of the support column, and when the pressure of the top plate is too high, the yielding device is lowered through deformation, compression and lowering of the yielding column to achieve that the yielding device lowers and drive the support column to be retractable; the column body and the yielding device are combined to form a retractable supporting column structure which is supported between the roadway top and the bottom plate. The pier column structure has the advantages of simple structure, high bearing capacity, capability of keeping the pier column bearing capacity not reduced, rapid constant-resistance contraction, impact energy absorption and capability of protecting the safety of personnel and equipment in a roadway space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of coal mine roadway anti-impact support, and particularly relates to a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type retractable pier column structure with an active roof connecting function, a support system and a construction method.
Background
Rock burst is a phenomenon that an empty rock body is suddenly destroyed in a deep mining process, when the rock burst occurs, a large amount of impact energy is released in the rock body, the occurrence frequency and the destruction degree of the rock burst are increasingly strong along with the continuous increase of the depth and the strength of coal mining, and the rock burst is one of the main potential safety hazards faced by deep mines at present. In an actual roadway, the safety of the roadway is usually ensured through a high-strength support form, for example, an anchor rod (anchor cable) support, a U-shaped steel support, a body fluid pressure pier stud support and the like are designed according to quasi-static mine pressure, and the capability of bearing static load is relatively strong, but under the action of impact load, the high impact effect of energy carried by sudden rock burst on a support system cannot be borne, the sudden damage of a part of support bodies often causes the impact instability damage of the whole support system, while the advanced hydraulic support has relatively high protection capability, and has a certain abdicating capability by adopting a hydraulic pier stud, but the self weight is large, the abdicating speed is low, the capability of absorbing impact energy is not available, and the hydraulic support is often subjected to severe bending deformation and even is damaged.
Compared with the prior patent CN106285738A, constant-group pressure change is realized by releasing the emulsion, but when the pressure is faced to rock burst, the pressure is difficult to release in time, and the release time of the emulsion is far longer than the acting time of the rock burst, so that the impact energy cannot be absorbed. Compare CN107905825A, realize letting the pressure through the log, the log mechanical properties is changeable on the one hand, can't guarantee not by compressive deformation when the pier stud normal use, and on the other hand when the proruption load appears, the log is in three-dimensional stress state under the restraint of cylinder shell, along with being compressed, the bearing capacity improves, but the contractible space is little. Therefore, a supporting form which has simple structure, large bearing load, quick response and high energy absorption efficiency is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a retractable pier column structure, a supporting system and a construction method for mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active top connection, wherein the anti-impact pier column is used as a main bearing structure, has simple structure and large bearing capacity, and can provide higher working resistance (4000 plus 10000N/column) during normal use; when rock burst occurs, the bearing capacity of the pier column can be kept from being reduced, rapid constant-resistance contraction can be realized, impact energy can be absorbed, and the safety of personnel and equipment in a roadway space can be protected.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure comprises a shoe plate, a top supporting plate and three columns; the three pillars share the top supporting plate and the shoe plate and are integrally fixed to realize rigid connection;
the pier column comprises a lower section column, an upper section column and a yielding device; the yielding device consists of a plurality of steel plates and yielding small columns, and has two important functions of jacking and contractibility; the yielding device is vertically provided with the yielding small columns, the yielding small columns are different in initial supporting force and yielding capacity when the diameters and the number of the yielding columns are different, and the yielding columns can be steel pipes, steel bars or other compressible materials; the top of the pressure yielding device is contacted with the top cover of the column body; let the bottom of pressing the pillar and freely move the steel sheet contact in the post, through the free steel sheet that moves of slip casting lifting messenger and let and press the pillar upward movement, drive and let the pressure equipment and realize that the pillar meets the top. The upper and lower section columns can be matched with each other in a sliding mode to provide a certain yielding space, meanwhile, the small columns can be supported in the early stage under the resistance effect, and only when rock burst occurs, the small columns can be quickly contracted, so that effective support is provided, spatial yielding is realized, and the completeness of a roadway and the safety of personnel are guaranteed. The steel cable cross connection can balance the stress of all the connection points, and is beneficial to the performance of the triple column by cooperating with the performance of the whole steel cable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, three of the struts are connected by a steel cable, and the steel cable is arranged in a cross and diagonal manner and is applied with prestress.
The three upright posts are fixedly connected by the multiple measures, so that the external deformation of the pressure lever, such as instability, is prevented.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower section columns are connected through steel cables, and the steel cables are arranged in a cross and diagonal manner and are applied with prestress; the upper section columns are fixedly connected through steel plates and bolts.
The upper section columns are connected through the steel plates and the bolts, the lower section columns are connected through the inclined steel cables, transverse restraint of the pier columns is increased, and stability of the pier column group is enhanced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bending-resistant steel bar or a bending-resistant round steel is inserted into the lower column.
The bending-resistant steel bars or bending-resistant round steel can resist the horizontal thrust of the goaf caving gangue.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper and lower section columns are of a steel pipe structure, and slurry is poured into the steel pipe of the lower section column; the upper section column is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower section column.
The steel pipe has the advantages of inertia moment, uneasy distortion, high supporting force, capability of meeting the supporting requirement by filling slurry inside, and controllable cost. Alternatively, GFRP tubes can be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a slidable first circular steel plate is arranged in the upper section column steel pipe, and the first circular steel plate is arranged at the top of the yielding small column; a slidable third circular steel plate is arranged in the steel pipe of the lower section column, and the third circular steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the yielding small column; the second round steel plate is non-slidable, penetrates through the yielding small column and is positioned between the first round steel plate and the third round steel plate; and a first sealing ring is arranged between the third circular steel plate and the inner wall of the steel pipe of the lower section column, and the first sealing ring is fixed on the periphery of the third circular steel plate and slides along with the third circular steel plate.
Through slidable steel sheet, the inside steel sheet that can jack that fills the thick liquid of section post down, thereby the jack lets presses the small prop to drive and strut on the roof under the effect of steel sheet. Enough jacking pressure can be guaranteed through the setting of sealing washer, prevents to leak thick liquid. The positions of the first round steel plate and the third round steel plate are adjusted through sliding, so that the supporting resistance is changed to a certain degree.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the top support plate, the first round steel plate and the third round steel plate are provided with exhaust holes;
or the middle of the pressure yielding device is provided with an exhaust pipe in a through mode, the upper end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the top supporting plate, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the third round steel pipe and is communicated with the interior of the steel pipe of the lower section column.
The exhaust hole is used for exhausting gas in the pillar cavity during grouting, and grouting is guaranteed to be more sufficient. The exhaust hole can be of a steel pipe structure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second seal ring is disposed between the steel pipe of the upper column and the steel pipe of the lower column; the second sealing ring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom of the steel pipe of the upper section column.
Prevent through sealed when making slip casting to run the oar, guaranteed the stability of slip casting holding power for jacking upper segment post area pressure meets the top during the slip casting, treats that the thick liquid can continuously provide the holding power after stable, and the thick liquid gets into in addition and also can form seal structure between the steel pipe of upper segment post and the steel pipe of lower segment post.
The invention also relates to a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column supporting system which comprises a group retractable pier column structure supported along a roadway.
The invention also relates to a construction method of the mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) processing and manufacturing an upper section column hollow steel pipe, a lower section column hollow steel pipe, a yielding small column, a circular steel plate, a top supporting plate and a shoe plate on the ground, processing the top supporting plate and an exhaust hole, processing a grouting hole and the shoe plate on the lower section column, assembling a yielding device, wherein the first, second and third yielding small columns form the yielding device, and the upper section column is sleeved on the outer side of the lower section column;
2) transporting the assembled product to the interior of a roadway, flattening a preset site, determining a supporting position according to design, placing the pier stud close to the side wall, and respectively installing three pier studs on a shoe plate, wherein one side of each bending-resistant steel bar or round steel bar is far away from the side wall of the roadway during installation;
3) fixing the pier columns, connecting the pier columns with the anchor rods of the side walls, connecting at least two anchor rods to form two fixing measures up and down, and buckling the channel steel at the top ends of the three pier columns; meanwhile, three adjacent pier columns form a pier column group, the upper section columns are connected through steel plates and bolts, and the lower section columns are connected through inclined steel cables, so that the transverse restraint of the pier columns is increased, and the stability of the pier column group is enhanced;
4) putting dry materials into a pulping barrel, and adding water, an early strength agent, a water reducing agent, special cement and the like into the mixing of the pulp according to a certain proportion to enable the prepared pulp to reach preset strength;
5) connect the slip casting pipeline, do in proper order: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a small grouting pump, a conveying pipe, a check valve and a grouting hole are arranged, the check valve is opened, when the grouting pump is used for the first time, a tank of cement mortar is pumped to lubricate a pipeline, and then normal grouting is carried out;
6) when in formal pouring, the middle column is poured firstly, so that the channel steel is initially contacted with a roadway, slurry is self-leveling and vibration-free, after the slurry is leveled with the top of the steel pipe of the lower section column, the upper section column is gradually raised under the jacking pressure of the slurry at the lower part, the grouting pump is stopped firstly after the pier column reaches the preset jacking pressure, the check valve is closed, then the pipeline is disassembled, and the grouting hole is plugged; connecting the side pier columns, and continuously pouring until all the preset hollow pier columns are completely poured;
7) checking the fullness in the next day after grouting, performing preliminary checking by knocking, performing careful detection on impact-resistant pier columns with different knocking sounds by ultrasonic waves, checking pier columns with incompact slurry, injecting high-consistency slurry with a low water-cement ratio through an exhaust hole by using a small pump to supplement the slurry, or re-erecting new pier columns;
8) when in normal use, the internal high-strength slurry is combined with the pier column shell to form a high-strength support body; when rock burst comes, huge pressure exceeds the rated bearing value of the pier stud, the yielding small column in the upper section column is compressed and deformed, the pier stud realizes constant resistance deformation, and the stability of a roadway is ensured.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1) the upper and lower section columns can be matched with each other in a sliding mode to provide a certain yielding space, the resistance effect of the yielding device can play a role of preliminary bracing, only when rock burst occurs, the yielding device can be quickly contracted, effective bracing is provided, yielding in the space is realized, and the completeness of a roadway and the safety of personnel are guaranteed. The steel cable cross connection can balance the stress of all the connection points, and is beneficial to the performance of the triple column by cooperating with the performance of the whole steel cable.
2) The upper section columns are connected through the steel plates and the bolts, the lower section columns are connected through the inclined steel cables, transverse restraint of the pier columns is increased, and stability of the pier column group is enhanced.
3) The bending-resistant steel bars or bending-resistant round steel can resist the horizontal thrust of the goaf caving gangue.
4) Through slidable steel sheet, the inside steel sheet that can jack that fills the thick liquid of section post down, thereby the jack lets presses the small prop to drive and strut on the roof under the effect of steel sheet. Enough jacking pressure can be guaranteed through the setting of sealing washer, prevents to leak thick liquid.
5) The top end of the strut is provided with an exhaust passage which penetrates through the circular steel plate, the energy-absorbing material and the top cover and is used for exhausting gas in the strut cavity during grouting so as to ensure that grouting is more sufficient.
6) Prevent through sealed when making slip casting to run the oar, guaranteed the stability of slip casting holding power for jacking upper segment post area pressure meets the top during the slip casting, treats that the thick liquid can continuously provide the holding power after stable, and the thick liquid gets into in addition and also can form seal structure between the steel pipe of upper segment post and the steel pipe of lower segment post.
7) When no impact load is applied, the slurry is in a three-way compression state under the restraint of the column shell, so that the bearing capacity is increased, the stability of the pipe wall is increased under the restraint of the slurry in the column shell, and the bearing capacity and the stability of the pier column are greatly improved due to the 'symbiosis' of the slurry and the column body;
8) the steel pipe is arranged in the upper cavity, the mechanical property of the steel pipe is fixed, different pier column anti-impact load capacities can be provided by adjusting the diameter and the number of the yielding small columns, the types of the yielding small columns are not limited to be circular, and steel materials with different cross-section forms can be adopted. The small yielding columns with proper sections and quantity can be selected according to different working environments and requirements.
9) When the impact load acts, the strength of the steel pipe can be kept after the steel pipe enters the yield stage, the steel pipe can be fully compressed and deformed, the constant resistance can be reduced, the stability of a roadway is ensured, the pier column can still exert the supporting efficiency after being compressed to the limit, the high-strength supporting of a top plate is realized, the pier column has a simple structure and high bearing capacity, is convenient to disassemble and install, and can effectively buffer and absorb the impact energy and protect the safety of personnel and equipment in the roadway.
10) According to the invention, three columns are adopted to cooperatively bear the force, the channel steel increases the bearing area, the bearing capacity is improved, the three pier columns share the same shoe plate, the upper section columns are connected through the steel plate and the bolt, the lower section columns are connected through the steel cable, the transverse restraint of the pier columns is enhanced, the cooperative stress of the three pier columns is facilitated, and the stability of the pier columns when bearing the load is improved.
11) The lower cavity can also be filled with water, mining hydraulic pier column emulsified oil or other materials, and the cost is saved on the premise of ensuring the bearing capacity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a support structure in an un-jacked state according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a support structure in a raised state according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a triple column of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 5 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a steady state structure of a strut according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a post structure after rapid yielding according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1-top cover; 2-a first circular steel plate; 3-a second circular steel plate; 4-yielding small columns; 5-a third circular steel plate; 6-upper section column; 7-grouting holes; 8-shoe board; 9-air vent; 10-a first sealing ring; 11-a second sealing ring; 12-lower section column; 13-slurry; 14-yielding small column with collapsed cup; 15-a top plate; 16-a steel cord; 17-a connector; 18-a top support plate; 19-bending-resistant round steel; 20-surrounding rock; 21-steel plate; 22-bolt.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example one
Fig. 1-7 show schematic views of one embodiment of the food processing assembly of the present invention;
a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure comprises a shoe plate 8, a top support plate 18 and three pier columns; the three pillars share the top support plate 18 and the shoe plate 8, and are integrally fixed to realize rigid connection;
the pier column comprises a lower section column 12, an upper section column 6 and a yielding device; the pressure yielding device consists of a plurality of steel plates and pressure yielding small columns 4 and has two important functions of jacking and contractibility; the yielding device is vertically provided with the yielding small columns 4, the yielding small columns 4 have different initial supporting forces and different yielding capacities when the diameters and the number of the yielding small columns 4 are different, and the yielding small columns can be steel pipes, steel bars or other compressible materials; the top of the pressure yielding device is contacted with the top cover of the column body; the bottom of the yielding small column is in contact with a freely moving steel plate in the column body, the freely moving steel plate is lifted through grouting to enable the yielding small column to move upwards, the yielding device is driven to achieve top connection of the support column, and when the pressure of the top plate is too high, the yielding device is lowered through deformation, compression and lowering of the yielding column to achieve that the yielding device lowers and drive the support column to be retractable; the column body and the yielding device are combined to form a retractable supporting column structure which is supported between the roadway top and the bottom plate. The pier column structure has the advantages of simple structure, high bearing capacity, capability of keeping the pier column bearing capacity not reduced, rapid constant-resistance contraction, impact energy absorption and capability of protecting the safety of personnel and equipment in a roadway space.
Preferably, the top support plate 18 is a channel steel structure.
Specifically, three pier studs are connected through a steel cable 16, and the steel cable 16 is arranged in a cross and diagonal manner and is applied with prestress.
The three upright posts are fixedly connected by the multiple measures, so that the external deformation of the pressure lever, such as instability, is prevented.
Specifically, the lower section columns are connected through steel cables 16, the steel cables are arranged in a cross and diagonal manner, and prestress is applied to the steel cables; the upper section columns are fixedly connected through steel plates 21 and bolts 22.
The upper section columns are connected through the steel plates and the bolts, the lower section columns are connected through the inclined steel cables, transverse restraint of the pier columns is increased, and stability of the pier column group is enhanced.
Specifically, a buckling-restrained steel bar 19 or a buckling-restrained round steel 19 is inserted into the lower column. Preferably, one side of the bending-resistant round steel is far away from the side wall of the roadway during installation.
The bending-resistant steel bars or bending-resistant round steel can resist the horizontal thrust of the goaf caving gangue.
Specifically, the upper and lower section columns are of steel tube structures, and slurry is poured into the steel tubes of the lower section columns; the upper section column is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower section column.
The steel pipe has the advantages of inertia moment, uneasy distortion, high supporting force, capability of meeting the supporting requirement by filling slurry inside, and controllable cost. Alternatively, GFRP tubes can be used.
Specifically, a slidable first circular steel plate 2 is arranged in the upper section column steel pipe, and the first circular steel plate 2 is slidable and arranged at the top of the yielding small column 4; a slidable third circular steel plate 5 is arranged in the steel pipe of the lower section column, can slide and is arranged at the bottom of the yielding small column; the second round steel plate 3 is non-slidable, penetrates through the yielding small column 4 and is positioned between the first round steel plate 2 and the third round steel plate 5; a first sealing ring 10 is arranged between the third circular steel plate 5 and the inner wall of the steel pipe of the lower section column, and the first sealing ring 10 is fixed on the periphery of the third circular steel plate.
Through slidable steel sheet, the inside steel sheet that can jack that fills the thick liquid of section post down, thereby the jack lets presses the small prop to drive and strut on the roof under the effect of steel sheet. Enough jacking pressure can be guaranteed through the setting of sealing washer, prevents to leak thick liquid. The first round steel plate and the third round steel plate adjust the position through sliding, so that the supporting resistance is changed to a certain degree.
Specifically, the top support plate 18, the first circular steel plate 2 and the third circular steel plate 5 are provided with exhaust holes 9;
or, the middle of the yielding small column 4 is provided with an exhaust pipe in a through mode, the upper end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the top supporting plate 18, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the third round steel pipe 5 and is communicated with the inside of the steel pipe of the lower section column.
The exhaust hole is used for exhausting gas in the pillar cavity during grouting, and grouting is guaranteed to be more sufficient. The exhaust hole can be of a steel pipe structure.
Specifically, a second sealing ring 11 is arranged between the steel pipe of the upper section column and the steel pipe of the lower section column; the second sealing ring 11 is fixed on the inner side of the bottom of the steel pipe of the upper section column.
Prevent through sealed when making slip casting to run the oar, guaranteed the stability of slip casting holding power for jacking upper segment post area pressure meets the top during the slip casting, treats that the thick liquid can continuously provide the holding power after stable, and the thick liquid gets into in addition and also can form seal structure between the steel pipe of upper segment post and the steel pipe of lower segment post.
In short, the mining anti-impact active abutting pier column structure provided by the invention mainly comprises three aspects: pier stud overall structure and detail structure.
1. Integral structure of pier stud
Every three pier studs form a group, the same group of pier studs shares a shoe plate, upper section studs are connected through steel plates and bolts, lower section studs are connected through two steel cables in a cross mode, the top studs share a channel steel, and the contact area of the channel steel and a roadway top plate is increased. The pier column mainly comprises an upper section of column body and a lower section of column body and a pressure yielding structure, wherein the pressure yielding structure is welded at the top end of the lower section of column, the upper section of column is sleeved above the lower section of column and a pressure yielding system and is combined into a whole through a sealing ring, a pier column main body is made of a steel pipe or a GFRP pipe, and the section of the column body can be circular with equal inertia moment and without distortion or rectangular with more suitable bearing unequal bending moments according to the form of force transmitted from a roadway.
The upper section of column comprises a top cover, an exhaust hole and a second sealing ring, the yielding structure comprises an exhaust hole, a yielding small column, a first circular steel plate, a second circular steel plate, a third circular steel plate and a first sealing ring, and the lower section of column comprises a grouting hole and a shoe plate. The upper and lower section columns respectively comprise a cavity, slurry injected into the lower cavity can lift the upper section column, and simultaneously the yielding structure rises, and the slurry is combined with the pier column body after solidification to form a high-strength support body; the upper cavity is internally provided with a yielding structure, flexible foaming materials are injected into the yielding structure, the strength is about 1-3MPa, the yielding structure is assisted to jointly bear the force of the yielding small columns, when the working pressure exceeds the rated pressure, the steel pipes and the foaming materials of the yielding structure are stressed and compressed, and the pier column realizes constant-resistance deformation.
2. Detailed structure of pier stud
Let and press the first circular steel sheet size of structure slightly to be less than last section post internal diameter, the circular steel sheet of second be annular steel sheet, and the external diameter size is between last section post internal diameter and lower section post external diameter, and the internal diameter size is greater than lets presses little post, and there is the sealing washer in the third circular steel sheet outside, can with lower section post in close contact with. When the steel plate is installed, one end of the first circular steel plate and one end of the yielding small column are welded firstly, the yielding small column penetrates into the second circular steel plate, the third circular steel plate and the other end of the yielding small column are welded together, and at the moment, the second circular steel plate is located between the first circular steel plate and the third circular steel plate. The adoption lets presses little post and lets the pressure, and its mechanical properties is stable, can let through the adjustment and press little post quantity and size messenger pier stud to have different bearing capacity when normal use to let and press little post yield stage long, still have the bearing capacity by the in-process of bending, can absorb the impact load energy among the deformation process, play the scour protection effect.
In addition, the first round steel plate and the top cover of the upper section column are not processed, and only have the force transmission function. The small hole is reserved in the center of the top cover of the upper section column, the center of the first circular steel plate and the center of the third circular steel plate, the second circular steel plate and the top end of the lower section column are welded and fixed on the well, and after the assembly is completed, the second circular steel plate and the top end of the lower section column can jointly form an exhaust hole of the upper section column.
In order to prevent the instability of the pier stud pressure rod, the bending-resistant round steel is welded in the lower section column, the round steel is laterally outward, the horizontal thrust of the goaf caving gangue is resisted, and the round steel with different sizes can be welded under different conditions. A top cover is welded at the top end of the upper section column, a channel steel is buckled above the top cover, three pier columns share one channel steel, the channel steel can increase the contact area with a roadway, and meanwhile, the top connection of the three columns is strengthened; the upper section columns are connected through steel plates and bolts. The bottom of the lower section column is clamped on the connecting shoe plate, and the three columns share one shoe plate; the lower section columns are connected through steel cables, the steel cables are arranged in a cross and diagonal manner, and certain prestress is applied. The three upright posts are fixedly connected by the multiple measures, so that the transverse restraint among the three upright posts is increased, and the external deformation such as instability and the like of the pressure bar is prevented. The middle part of the lower section column is provided with a grouting hole for grouting; and a second sealing ring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom of the upper section column, so that the sealing performance of the lower cavity during grouting is ensured.
When the grouting device is used, a jacking method is adopted, high-strength slurry is poured into the hollow pier stud through the grouting holes, the slurry automatically levels and is free of vibration, when the slurry rises to the bottom of the yielding structure in the lower section of the pier, the upper section of the pier is gradually lifted under the jacking pressure of the slurry at the lower part of the pier until the pier reaches the preset jacking pressure, grouting is stopped, the grouting holes are blocked, and gas in the cavity is discharged from the top exhaust holes in the grouting process.
The steel cable cross connection can balance the stress of all the connection points, and is beneficial to the performance of the triple column by cooperating with the performance of the whole steel cable.
The slurry inside the pier stud is recommended to be poured with a high-strength slurry material, the early strength agent, the water reducing agent and the special cement are proportioned, the pier stud has the characteristics of high strength and quick hardening, common concrete can be poured, the slurry is in a three-dimensional compression state under the constraint of the column shell when the pier stud is used, the bearing capacity of the slurry is greatly improved, the stability of the pipe wall is increased under the constraint of the slurry inside the column shell, and the pier stud and the column shell are in symbiosis, so that the working resistance of the pier stud can reach more than 4000 KN.
The pouring system mainly comprises a pulping barrel, a small grouting pump, a conveying pipe and a check valve, and the grouting pipe is connected with the grouting hole according to the grouting pump, the conveying pipe, the check valve and the grouting hole. The pulping barrel completes the stirring of the slurry in the roadway, and the slurry is poured into a grouting pump after being stirred; the small grouting pump is connected with a grouting hole of the pier column through a conveying pipe, and slurry is pumped into the pier column at a certain pressure; the conveying pipe is a medium for connecting the grouting pump and the pier stud; the check valve can realize the one-way flow of the slurry, and the slurry can realize self-leveling and vibration-free.
Example two:
the invention also relates to a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column supporting system which comprises a group retractable pier column structure supported along a roadway.
Example three:
the invention also relates to a construction method of the mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacted retractable pier column structure, taking a certain coal mine roadway as an example, and completing the construction of 7-10 pier column groups each time as required, wherein the construction process of the pier columns is as follows:
1. the hollow steel pipe pier stud body, the yielding small stud, the circular steel plate, the pier stud top cover and the pier stud shoe plate are machined on the ground, the upper stud is machined with the top cover and the exhaust hole, the lower stud is machined with the grouting hole and the shoe plate, the yielding small stud is assembled, the first circular steel plate, the second circular steel plate and the third circular steel plate form a yielding structure, the second circular steel plate is welded to the top end of the lower stud, and the upper stud is sleeved with the lower stud.
2. After the assembly, the pier stud is transported to the interior of a roadway, a preset place of the pier stud is leveled, a supporting position is determined according to design, the pier stud is generally placed by a side wall, and the pier stud is installed by using a special installing machine or a manual (2-3 persons). When the shoe plate is installed, one side of the bending-resistant round steel is far away from the side wall of the roadway, and three pier studs are respectively installed on the shoe plate.
3. Fixing the pier stud, connecting the pier stud with the anchor rods of the side walls, connecting at least two anchor rods to form an upper fixing measure and a lower fixing measure, and buckling the channel steel on the top ends of the three pier studs. Simultaneously, three adjacent pier studs form a pier stud group, and through steel sheet and bolted connection between the upper section post, connect through the slant cable wire between the lower section post, increased the horizontal restraint of pier stud, the stability of reinforcing pier stud group.
4. The dry materials are put into a pulping barrel, and water, an early strength agent, a water reducing agent, special cement and the like are added into the mixing of the pulp according to a certain proportion, so that the prepared pulp reaches the preset strength.
5. Connect the slip casting pipeline, do in proper order: the grouting pump comprises a small grouting pump, a conveying pipe, a check valve, a grouting hole and a check valve, wherein the check valve is opened, and when the grouting pump is used for the first time, a tank of cement mortar is firstly pumped to lubricate a pipeline and then is normally poured.
6. When formally pouring, earlier pour the center pillar into, make the channel-section steel tentatively contact with the tunnel, the slurry is from levelling exempting from the vibration, and to slurry and lower section post top parallel and level back, the upper segment post is raised gradually under the jacking pressure of lower part slurry, stops the grouting pump earlier after reaching predetermined top pressure of connecing until the pier stud, closes the check valve, dismantles the pipeline again, the shutoff grouting hole. And connecting the side pier columns, and continuously pouring until all the preset hollow pier columns are completely poured.
7. And (3) performing plumpness inspection the next day after grouting is finished, performing preliminary inspection by adopting knocking, carefully detecting impact-proof pier studs with differences in knocking sound through ultrasonic waves, finding out the pier studs with incompact slurry by inspection, and supplementing slurry by adopting a small pump machine through high-consistency slurry with lower water-cement ratio injected from exhaust holes or erecting new pier studs again.
8. When in normal use, the internal high-strength slurry is combined with the pier column shell to form a high-strength support body; when rock burst comes, huge pressure exceeds the rated bearing value of the pier stud, the yielding small column in the upper section column is compressed and deformed, the pier stud realizes constant resistance deformation, and the stability of a roadway is ensured.
The technical key points of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a mining anti-impact active roof-contacting pier column structure which mainly comprises an upper column body, a lower column body and a pressure yielding structure, wherein the upper column body comprises a top cover, anti-bending round steel and an exhaust hole, the pressure yielding structure comprises an exhaust hole, a pressure yielding small column, a first round steel plate, a second round steel plate, a third round steel plate and a first sealing ring, and the lower column body comprises a second sealing ring, a grouting hole, anti-bending round steel and a shoe plate.
2. Channel steel is buckled above the top cover of the upper section column, and three pier columns share one channel steel, so that the contact area between the upper section column and a roadway is increased; a pressure releasing structure is arranged in the upper cavity and fixed at the top end of the lower section column, and the upper section column is sleeved outside the lower section column; the lower section column grips the ground through the shoe plate, the middle part is provided with the grouting hole, when in use, the grouting liquid is injected from the grouting hole of the lower section column, and the jacking upper section column is connected with the roof under pressure.
3. Every three pier studs provided by the invention form a stud group, the same stud group shares a shoe plate, upper studs are connected through steel plates and bolts, lower studs are connected through steel cables, and multiple measures are adopted to increase transverse restraint; in addition, bending-resistant round steel is welded in the lower section column, the round steel is laterally outward, and the horizontal thrust of the goaf caving gangue is resisted.
4. The pier column body provided by the invention can be made of steel pipes or GFRP pipes, and the cross section can be circular with equal moment of inertia and uneasy to twist or rectangular with more suitable bearing unequal bending moments according to the form of force transmitted from a roadway.
5. The pouring system provided by the invention completes the grouting of 7-10 pier column groups each time, and mainly comprises a pulping barrel, a small grouting pump, a conveying pipe and a check valve. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: stirring the slurry by the slurry making barrel; the small grouting pump is connected with the grouting hole through a conveying pipe and used for pumping slurry; the check valve can realize the unidirectional flow of the slurry; the delivery pipe serves as a medium for slurry transport.
6. The construction method provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps of manufacturing and assembling a pier column structure on the ground; secondly, primarily treating a supporting area, and erecting a pier stud; thirdly, fixing the pier stud, connecting the pier stud with the anchor rod of the side wall, wherein three adjacent pier studs share a shoe plate and are connected into a pier stud group through a steel plate, a bolt and a steel cable; preparing slurry; connecting a grouting pipeline; sixthly, grouting into the pier column to enable the upper section column to be connected with the top under pressure; seventhly, after grouting is finished, checking the fullness, and supplementing unqualified grout; and when the steel ball is normally used, high bearing capacity is provided, so that rock burst is temporary, the small compression column is compressed and deformed, and the stability of the roadway is ensured.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents, and that such changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure is characterized by comprising a shoe plate, a top supporting plate and three pier columns; the three pier studs share the top supporting plate and the shoe plate, and are integrally fixed to realize rigid connection;
the pier column comprises a lower section column, an upper section column and a yielding device; the yielding device consists of a plurality of steel plates and yielding small columns, and has two important functions of jacking and contractibility; the yielding device is vertically provided with the yielding small columns, the yielding small columns have different initial supporting forces and different yielding capacities when the diameters and the number of the yielding small columns are different, and the yielding small columns can be steel pipes, steel bars or other compressible materials; the top of the pressure yielding device is contacted with the top cover of the column body; the bottom of the yielding small column is in contact with a freely moving steel plate in the column body, the freely moving steel plate is lifted through grouting to enable the yielding small column to move upwards, and the yielding device is driven to realize top connection of the support column; the lower section column, the upper section column and the yielding device are combined to form a contractible pier column structure, and the three columns are supported between the top and the bottom plate of the roadway in parallel.
2. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active jacking retractable pier structure according to claim 1, wherein three piers are connected through steel cables, and the steel cables are arranged in a cross and diagonal manner and are applied with prestress.
3. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active jacking contractible pier column structure of claim 2, wherein the lower section columns are connected through steel cables, the steel cables are arranged in a cross and diagonal manner, and prestress is applied; the upper section columns are fixedly connected through steel plates and bolts.
4. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active jacking contractible pier column structure of claim 3, wherein a bending-resistant steel bar or a bending-resistant round steel penetrates through the lower section column.
5. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the upper and lower section columns are of a steel tube structure, and slurry is poured into the steel tube of the lower section column; the upper section column is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower section column.
6. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure according to claim 5, wherein a slidable first circular steel plate is arranged in the upper section column steel tube, and the first circular steel plate is arranged at the top of the yielding small column; a slidable third circular steel plate is arranged in the steel pipe of the lower section column, and the third circular steel plate is arranged at the bottom of the yielding small column; the second round steel plate is non-slidable, penetrates through the yielding small column and is positioned between the first round steel plate and the third round steel plate; and a first sealing ring is arranged between the third circular steel plate and the inner wall of the steel pipe of the lower section column, and the first sealing ring is fixed on the periphery of the third circular steel plate.
7. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column structure according to claim 6, wherein the top support plate, the first circular steel plate and the third circular steel plate are provided with exhaust holes;
or the middle of the yielding small column is provided with an exhaust pipe in a through mode, the upper end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the top supporting plate, and the lower end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the third round steel pipe and is communicated with the interior of the steel pipe of the lower section column.
8. The mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active jacking contractible pier column structure according to claim 6, wherein a second sealing ring is arranged between the steel pipe of the upper section column and the steel pipe of the lower section column; the second sealing ring is fixed on the inner side of the bottom of the steel pipe of the upper section column.
9. A mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting retractable pier column supporting system is characterized by comprising a plurality of groups of retractable pier column structures according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which are supported along a roadway.
10. A construction method of a mining anti-impact three-column parallel type active roof-contacting contractible pier column structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) processing and manufacturing an upper section column hollow steel pipe, a lower section column hollow steel pipe, a pressure-yielding small column, a circular steel plate, a top supporting plate and a shoe plate on the ground, processing the top supporting plate and an exhaust hole, processing a grouting hole and the shoe plate on the lower section column, assembling the pressure-yielding small column, wherein the first pressure-yielding small column, the second pressure-yielding small column and the third pressure-yielding small column form a pressure-yielding structure, and the upper section column is sleeved on the outer side of the lower section column;
2) transporting the assembled product to the interior of a roadway, flattening a preset site, determining a supporting position according to design, placing the pier stud close to the side wall, and respectively installing three pier studs on a shoe plate, wherein one side of each bending-resistant steel bar or round steel bar is far away from the side wall of the roadway during installation;
3) fixing the pier columns, connecting the pier columns with the anchor rods of the side walls, connecting at least two anchor rods to form two fixing measures up and down, and buckling the channel steel at the top ends of the three pier columns; meanwhile, three adjacent pier columns form a pier column group, the upper section columns are connected through steel plates and bolts, and the lower section columns are connected through inclined steel cables, so that the transverse restraint of the pier columns is increased, and the stability of the pier column group is enhanced;
4) putting dry materials into a pulping barrel, and adding water, an early strength agent, a water reducing agent, special cement and the like into the mixing of the pulp according to a certain proportion to enable the prepared pulp to reach preset strength;
5) connect the slip casting pipeline, do in proper order: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a small grouting pump, a conveying pipe, a check valve and a grouting hole are arranged, the check valve is opened, when the grouting pump is used for the first time, a tank of cement mortar is pumped to lubricate a pipeline, and then normal grouting is carried out;
6) when in formal pouring, the middle column is poured firstly, so that the channel steel is initially contacted with a roadway, slurry is self-leveling and vibration-free, after the slurry is leveled with the top of the steel pipe of the lower section column, the upper section column is gradually raised under the jacking pressure of the slurry at the lower part, the grouting pump is stopped firstly after the pier column reaches the preset jacking pressure, the check valve is closed, then the pipeline is disassembled, and the grouting hole is plugged; connecting the side pier columns, and continuously pouring until all the preset hollow pier columns are completely poured;
7) checking the fullness in the next day after grouting, performing preliminary checking by knocking, performing careful detection on impact-resistant pier columns with different knocking sounds by ultrasonic waves, checking pier columns with incompact slurry, injecting high-consistency slurry with a low water-cement ratio through an exhaust hole by using a small pump to supplement the slurry, or re-erecting new pier columns;
8) when in normal use, the internal high-strength slurry is combined with the pier column shell to form a high-strength support body; when rock burst comes, huge pressure exceeds the rated bearing value of the pier stud, the yielding small column in the upper section column is compressed and deformed, the pier stud realizes constant resistance deformation, and the stability of a roadway is ensured.
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