CN112682063B - Support structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel - Google Patents
Support structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112682063B CN112682063B CN202011642536.5A CN202011642536A CN112682063B CN 112682063 B CN112682063 B CN 112682063B CN 202011642536 A CN202011642536 A CN 202011642536A CN 112682063 B CN112682063 B CN 112682063B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a supporting structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, which comprises a plurality of reinforcing piles, wherein the reinforcing piles are distributed in a matrix manner along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel, supporting steel plates are arranged at the tops of the reinforcing piles, the supporting steel plates are positioned on the bottom surface of an arch wall of the tunnel, two sides of each supporting steel plate respectively extend into surrounding rocks, steel columns distributed in a matrix manner along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel are arranged on the top surfaces of the supporting steel plates, a connecting beam is arranged between every two adjacent steel columns, and the tops of the steel columns are used for being connected with track plates. Adopt this structural reliability strong, bear the weight of the dynamic height, can guarantee that the train is gone safely and construction simple accurate for a long time, still do benefit to effectively practicing thrift the tunnel bottom space, form the space between the steel column and can also be used for setting up facilities such as drainage system, bearing structure has stronger wholeness, can reduce the production of non-uniform deformation, can effectively reduce the track board that the tunnel deformation arouses and go up the drum volume, effectively solve the deformation problem at the bottom of the soft country rock tunnel of high ground stress.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a supporting structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel.
Background
With the further promotion of the infrastructure and western development of China, the tunnel and the underground engineering are leap and leap, and more large and deep tunnels gradually emerge; due to the complex diversity of the crossing geological conditions, the geological problems such as tunnel bottom deformation and the like often occur when long and large tunnel engineering crosses a high stress area (the ratio of the rock saturated uniaxial compressive strength to the maximum initial stress of a rock mass is less than 7) and weak surrounding rocks. The deformation at the bottom of the tunnel is one of the common defects of the railway tunnel, most of the defect tunnels are in a slowly-inclined layered rock stratum under high ground stress, generally caused by long-term creep of surrounding rocks caused by the high ground stress, and the deformation at the bottom of the tunnel is particularly aggravated when underground water of the tunnel develops and expansive mineral components exist. If the tunnel is in areas of high ground stress, soft rock deformation, movable fracture zones and the like, the prevention and the treatment of tunnel bottom deformation are particularly important. The deformation of the tunnel bottom is extremely sensitive to construction excavation and blasting, and once the deformation is difficult to stabilize, the tunnel lining is cracked and damaged, and the construction process and the operation safety of the tunnel are seriously influenced.
In order to effectively control the deformation of the bottom of the tunnel, the commonly adopted control means at home and abroad comprise support reinforcement methods such as a bottom plate anchor rod, bottom plate grouting, a closed bracket and the like; pressure relief methods such as cutting seams, drilling holes, loosening blasting and the like and various combined supporting methods. However, these methods have their own limitations and applicable conditions. For example, the inverted arch support method is generally effective only when the tunnel is fully closed; the anchor rod reinforcing method fails to ensure the construction quality of the anchor rod for the deformed tunnel due to the crushing of the bottom plate and the difficulty in hole forming. Therefore, in the process of tunnel construction and repair, reasonable supporting methods and supporting parameters must be selected according to actual conditions such as geological conditions of surrounding rocks. In the prior art, although a combination means of a constant-resistance anchor cable and a long and short anchor cable (rod) is provided, the method has a certain effect on deformation of high-ground-stress soft rock, the method has the defects of low process popularization and high construction cost, and the application effect in a large-section tunnel is still to be tested.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a supporting structure for inhibiting the deformation of the bottom of a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art that effective means for solving the deformation of the bottom of the tunnel in a high-ground-stress area and a soft rock area are lacked.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an restrain bearing structure that high ground stress soft rock tunnel bottom warp, contains a plurality of reinforcement stake, the reinforcement stake is vertical and transversely to be the matrix distribution along the tunnel, the reinforcement stake top is equipped with supporting steel plate, supporting steel plate is located tunnel arch wall bottom surface, the both sides of supporting steel plate stretch into respectively in the country rock, the supporting steel plate top surface is equipped with along the tunnel vertically and transversely be the steel column of matrix distribution, adjacent two be equipped with the tie beam between the steel column, the steel column top is used for connecting the track board.
The tunnel is distributed in a matrix along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel, namely a plurality of rows are distributed along the transverse direction of the tunnel, and a plurality of rows are also distributed along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form matrix distribution.
The support structure for inhibiting the deformation of the bottom of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel adopts the pile foundation to stabilize the deformation of the bottom of the tunnel, has strong reliability, can ensure the long-term running safety of a train, is simple and convenient to construct, has high construction efficiency, is convenient to construct, improves the bearing capacity, is favorable for effectively saving the tunnel bottom space, can be used for arranging facilities such as a drainage system and the like by forming a gap between the steel columns, is matched with and connected with the connecting beams between the adjacent steel columns, ensures that the support structure has integrity, effectively reduces the generation of uneven deformation, has certain deformation capacity, can effectively reduce the bulging amount on the track slab caused by the deformation of the tunnel, and effectively solves the deformation problem of the tunnel bottom of the high-ground-stress soft rock surrounding.
Preferably, the steel column is a lattice column, and the lattice column comprises angle steel and a batten plate which are connected in a welded mode.
The lattice column has high integral rigidity, high bearing capacity, less deformation and excellent support effect.
Further preferably, the distance between two adjacent lattice columns is smaller than or equal to the distance between two adjacent reinforcing piles.
Further preferably, the lattice column is disposed at a position corresponding to the position of the reinforcing pile.
Namely, one steel column is correspondingly arranged above the position where the reinforcing pile is arranged.
Preferably, the pile length of the reinforcing pile is greater than or equal to 5m.
Preferably, the thickness of the supporting steel plate is larger than or equal to 15cm, the supporting steel plates are spliced longitudinally, and the steel columns and the abutted seams of the supporting steel plates are arranged in a staggered mode.
And the supporting steel plates are arranged along the transverse direction of the tunnel to avoid abutted seams.
Preferably, the connection beam comprises a transverse connection beam and a longitudinal connection beam, one end of the transverse connection beam extends into the channel body of the central channel of the tunnel, the other end of the transverse connection beam extends into the side channel body of the tunnel, and the transverse connection beam and the longitudinal connection beam are arranged in a vertically staggered mode.
Further preferably, the depth of the transverse connecting beam extending into the central ditch or the side ditches is 15-18cm, and the longitudinal connecting beam is positioned below the transverse connecting beam.
Preferably, the steel column extends into the track plate to a depth of 15-18cm.
Preferably, the depth of the supporting steel plate extending into the surrounding rock is greater than or equal to 25cm.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the supporting structure for inhibiting the deformation of the bottom of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, the deformation of the bottom of the tunnel is stabilized through the pile foundation, the reliability is high, the long-term running safety of a train can be ensured, the construction is simple and convenient, the construction efficiency is high, the steel columns are erected between the track slab and the pile foundation, the bearing capacity is improved, the tunnel bottom space is effectively saved, gaps formed among the steel columns can be used for arranging facilities such as a drainage system, and the connecting beams between the adjacent steel columns are connected in a matched manner, so that the supporting structure has integrity, the generation of uneven deformation is effectively reduced, the supporting steel plates arranged below the primary support and secondary support structures of the tunnel have certain deformation capacity, the bulging amount of the track slab caused by the deformation of the tunnel can be effectively reduced, and the deformation problem of the tunnel bottom of the high-ground-stress soft rock surrounding is effectively solved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a support structure for suppressing deformation of the bottom of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a plan layout view of a supporting structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of a high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the structure of the steel column connecting tie beam of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a structural elevation view of the steel column connecting tie beam of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a steel column in example 1;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection of the transverse tie beam in embodiment 1.
The labels in the figure are: 1-reinforcing piles, 2-tunnels, 3-supporting steel plates, 4-steel columns, 5-track plates, 61-transverse connecting beams, 62-longitudinal connecting beams, 71-central ditches and 72-lateral ditches.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter of the present invention is not limited to the following examples, and any technique realized based on the contents of the present invention is within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the support structure for inhibiting the bottom deformation of the high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the present invention includes a plurality of reinforcing piles 1, the reinforcing piles 1 are distributed in a matrix shape along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel 2, a supporting steel plate 3 is disposed at the top of each reinforcing pile 1, the supporting steel plate 3 is located at the bottom surface of the arch wall of the tunnel 2, two sides of the supporting steel plate 3 respectively extend into the surrounding rock, steel columns 4 are disposed on the top surface of each supporting steel plate 3 and distributed in a matrix shape along the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel 2, a tie beam is disposed between two adjacent steel columns 4, and the tops of the steel columns 4 are used for connecting track plates 5.
Specifically, after 2 excavate in the tunnel is accomplished 2 beat in 2 bottom country rocks in the tunnel and establish a plurality of reinforcing pile 1, the stake footpath, the stake length and the interval of reinforcing pile 1 are confirmed according to the stratum condition, the stake length of reinforcing pile 1 should be more than or equal to 5m, if adopt the stake of 0.5m, the stake length 5m, interval 3m, adopt the drilling bored concrete pile.
The supporting steel plate 3 is arranged at the top of the reinforcing pile 1, a primary support and a secondary lining are arranged above the supporting steel plate 3, the thickness of the supporting steel plate 3 is preferably larger than or equal to 15cm, and the material is Q235. The depth that both sides of the support steel plate 3 stretched into the country rock of corresponding side respectively is more than or equal to 25cm. The supporting steel plates 3 are spliced in the longitudinal direction, that is, divided into blocks at certain intervals in the longitudinal direction, for example, each block has a longitudinal length of 20-25m.
The steel column 4 is a lattice column, the lattice column comprises angle steel and batten plates which are connected in a welded mode, as shown in figures 3 and 5, if four angle steel serving as frameworks are adopted, a plurality of batten plates are welded at intervals on each side. The distance between two adjacent lattice columns is smaller than or equal to the distance between two adjacent reinforcing piles 1, and preferably, the positions of the lattice columns are arranged corresponding to the positions of the reinforcing piles 1, as shown in fig. 2. The height of the lattice column is determined according to the design requirement, the upper end of the lattice column extends into the reinforced concrete track slab 5, and the embedding depth is 15-18cm. And the steel column 4 and the support steel plate 3 are arranged in a staggered manner.
In order to enhance the integrity between the steel columns 4, a transverse connecting beam 61 is welded between two transversely adjacent steel columns 4, a longitudinal connecting beam 62 is welded between two longitudinally adjacent steel columns 4, as shown in fig. 3-4, the transverse connecting beam 61 and the longitudinal connecting beam 62 are arranged in a vertically staggered manner, and if the longitudinal connecting beam 62 is located below the transverse connecting beam 61, the joint of the lower longitudinal connecting beam 62 and the lattice column is welded, and then the joint of the upper transverse connecting beam 61 and the lattice column is welded. The connecting beam can adopt channel steel and is in full-welding connection with angle steel or batten plates of the lattice column.
If the tunnel 2 is provided with a central ditch 71 and side ditches 72 above the supporting steel plates 3, the central ditch 71 is used as a main drainage channel, water in the side ditches 72 is drained into the central ditch 71 through transverse drainage pipes, PVC pipes can be adopted as the transverse drainage pipes, and the transverse drainage pipes are arranged at intervals of 20-30m in the longitudinal direction, see figure 2. One end of the transverse connecting beam 61 extends into the body of the central groove 71 of the tunnel 2, and the other end of the transverse connecting beam 61 extends into the body of the side groove 72 of the tunnel 2, for example, the depth of the transverse connecting beam 61 extending into the central groove 71 or the side groove 72 is 15-18cm, as shown in fig. 6.
This bearing structure can effectively solve the deformation problem at the bottom of the soft country rock tunnel of high ground stress, and steel sheet and track board have certain bearing capacity simultaneously, can satisfy the current requirement of upper portion train, and structural integrity is strong, is difficult for producing inhomogeneous deformation, and simultaneously, steel column and steel sheet itself have certain deflection, can weaken the track board that the tunnel warp and arouse and go up bulging volume, and the space between the steel column can be executed and is done drainage facility. The scheme is simple to operate, low in cost, good in application prospect and popularization significance, and capable of being popularized and applied in tunnel engineering on a large scale.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an restrain bearing structure of high ground stress soft rock tunnel bottom deformation, its characterized in that contains a plurality of reinforcement stake (1), reinforcement stake (1) vertically and transversely are matrix distribution along tunnel (2), reinforcement stake (1) top is equipped with supporting steel plate (3), supporting steel plate (3) are located tunnel (2) arch wall bottom surface, the both sides of supporting steel plate (3) are stretched into respectively in the country rock, supporting steel plate (3) top surface is equipped with along tunnel (2) vertically and transversely be matrix distribution's steel column (4), adjacent two be equipped with the tie beam between steel column (4), steel column (4) top is used for connecting track board (5).
2. The support structure of claim 1, wherein the steel column (4) is a lattice column comprising welded angle steel and gusset plates.
3. The support structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the spacing between two adjacent lattice columns is smaller than or equal to the spacing between two adjacent reinforcement piles (1).
4. Support structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the position of said lattice columns is arranged in correspondence of the position of said reinforcement piles (1).
5. Support structure as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said reinforcing piles (1) have a pile length greater than or equal to 5m.
6. The supporting structure of claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the supporting steel plates (3) is greater than or equal to 15cm, the supporting steel plates (3) are spliced along the longitudinal direction, and the joints of the steel columns (4) and the supporting steel plates (3) are arranged in a staggered manner.
7. The support structure of claim 1, characterized in that the tie beams comprise transverse tie beams (61) and longitudinal tie beams (62), the transverse tie beams (61) extending into the body of the central trench (71) of the tunnel (2) at one end and into the body of the lateral trenches (72) of the tunnel (2) at the other end, the transverse tie beams (61) and the longitudinal tie beams (62) being offset one above the other.
8. The support structure of claim 7, wherein the transverse tie beams (61) each extend 15-18cm into the central trench (71) or the lateral trenches (72), and the longitudinal tie beams (62) are located below the transverse tie beams (61).
9. The support structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the steel columns (4) extend into the track plate (5) to a depth of 15 to 18cm.
10. The support structure of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the support steel plate (3) extends into the surrounding rock to a depth of greater than or equal to 25cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011642536.5A CN112682063B (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Support structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel |
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| CN202011642536.5A CN112682063B (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Support structure for inhibiting bottom deformation of high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel |
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| CN112682063A CN112682063A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
| CN112682063B true CN112682063B (en) | 2023-01-10 |
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| CN113982655B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-11-17 | 中铁七局集团有限公司 | Control method for non-uniform deformation of tunnel surrounding rock |
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