CN112679242A - Odor self-regulation composting system and process - Google Patents
Odor self-regulation composting system and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112679242A CN112679242A CN202110018355.3A CN202110018355A CN112679242A CN 112679242 A CN112679242 A CN 112679242A CN 202110018355 A CN202110018355 A CN 202110018355A CN 112679242 A CN112679242 A CN 112679242A
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to an odor self-regulation composting system and process, wherein the system comprises a composting fermentation system and a composting aging system, the composting fermentation system is a composting closed space formed by composting chambers, and the composting aging system is an aging closed space formed by aging chambers; the bottom end of the composting chamber is provided with a plurality of aeration ports which are communicated with the aging closed space through pipelines; and a plurality of aeration ports are arranged at the bottom end of the aging chamber, and the aeration ports are communicated with the compost closed space through pipelines. The process comprises the following steps: pretreating the kitchen waste; aerobic composting is carried out in a composting chamber, and maturity and aging are carried out in an aging chamber; during the compost fermentation, conveying odor generated in the compost chamber into compost materials in the aging chamber, and degrading and purifying the odor; and conveying the odor at the upper part of the aging chamber to a composting chamber, and adjusting the C/N and the pH value of the composting materials. Can realize self-regulation of odor, has less nitrogen loss in the composting process and increases nitrogen in the compost product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to an odor self-regulation composting system and process.
Background
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be construed as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
With the development of economy and society and the great improvement of the material consumption level, the production amount of domestic garbage in China is rapidly increased, the hidden environmental danger is increasingly prominent, and the new type of urban development is a restriction factor. The kitchen waste is an important component of household waste, has high water content, salt content and oil content, and is generally acidic, so that the kitchen waste has high requirements on subsequent harmless treatment. However, the dry matter of the kitchen waste is mainly organic matter, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is high, and the content of harmful substances is low, so that the kitchen waste has high resource utilization value.
At present, aerobic composting is one of important ways for recycling treatment of kitchen waste, but because the organic matter content of the kitchen waste is very high, a large amount of odor can be generated in the aerobic composting process, the odor mainly comprises ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, partial volatile organic matters and the like, and the generation of the odor can negatively affect the surrounding environment. At present, the method for treating odor generated by compost mainly adopts an independent deodorization system, and generally adopts an activated carbon adsorption method, a masking method, a water washing method and the like. In engineering projects, the independent deodorization system not only needs to increase investment fund and increase occupied area, but also the instability of deodorization efficiency can cause part of odor to be discharged into the environment to cause pollution.
The odor generated by the compost can not only cause environmental pollution, but also cause a great deal of nitrogen loss due to the generated ammonia gas, and the nitrogen is used as an important component of the fertilizer, and if the nitrogen is lost in a great amount, the value of the compost product is reduced. The traditional method for reducing the loss of nitrogen is mainly to convert the generated ammonia gas into NH by adding chemical agents4 +Fixed in the pile body; in addition, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost is improved by adding auxiliary materials, and the conversion of ammonium nitrogen into organic nitrogen is promoted, but the traditional method is high in cost, and the whole composting process is influenced by too high adding amount.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing kitchen waste composting system and technology, the invention provides an odor self-regulation composting system and process, which can realize odor self-regulation, have less nitrogen loss in the composting process and increase nitrogen in compost products.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the invention, an odor self-regulating and controlling composting system is provided, which comprises a composting fermentation system and a composting aging system, wherein the composting fermentation system is a composting closed space formed by composting chambers, and the composting aging system is an aging closed space formed by aging chambers; the bottom end of the composting chamber is provided with a plurality of aeration ports which are communicated with the aging closed space through pipelines; and a plurality of aeration ports are arranged at the bottom end of the aging chamber, and the aeration ports are communicated with the compost closed space through pipelines.
In a second aspect of the invention, an odor self-regulating composting process is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen waste to remove nondegradable impurities, and crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to enable the water content of the kitchen waste to be 50% -60%;
(2) uniformly stacking the pretreated kitchen waste in a composting chamber for aerobic composting, and then transferring the kitchen waste into an aging chamber for further thorough decomposition and aging;
(3) during the compost fermentation, conveying odor generated by fermentation at the upper part in the compost chamber to an aeration port at the bottom of the aging chamber, transferring the odor into compost materials in the aging chamber through the aeration port, degrading and purifying the odor, and improving the nitrogen content of compost products;
(4) during the compost fermentation, the odor degraded and purified by the compost materials at the upper part of the aging chamber is conveyed to an aeration port at the bottom of the compost chamber, and the odor aerates the compost materials through the aeration port to adjust the C/N and the pH value of the compost materials.
In a specific embodiment, odor generated in the composting chamber enters the aging chamber through an induced draft fan and a pipeline. Firstly, decomposing and purifying odor in an aging chamber to directly reduce the pressure for treating the odor; secondly, ammonia in odor takes away a large amount of free ammonium nitrogen in compost materials in the composting chamber, and the reduction of the ammonia and the nitrogen content can adjust C/N and pH of the compost body in the composting chamber, so that the C/N and the pH tend to a reasonable range, and the composting process is accelerated; and finally, the free nitrogen is adsorbed and fixed by the semi-decomposed materials in the aging chamber along with the ammonia gas, and is converted into organic nitrogen, so that the nitrogen content of the compost product is improved.
In a specific embodiment, the odor decomposed and purified by the materials in the aging chamber is blown and aerated into the composting chamber through the air blower and the pipeline again, on one hand, the relatively clean gas can accelerate the decomposition process of the fresh composting materials; on the other hand, the circulating aeration can take away excessive nitrogen in the compost materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, and the ammonia gas can take away acidic ammonium nitrogen to adjust the subacid compost materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the odor self-regulating and controlling composting system adopts an upper layer and a lower layer of modular design, the composting chamber and the aging chamber are formed by piling containers, and can be freely combined and moved, the structure is simple, the occupied area is small, an independent odor treatment system is not arranged, the cost is low, the odor generated by composting is fully utilized, and continuous batch production can be realized;
the odor generated in the composting chamber is introduced into the aging chamber, and the odor is decomposed and purified in the aging chamber, so that the pressure of treating the odor is directly reduced; the ammonia gas in the odor takes away a large amount of free ammonium nitrogen in compost materials in the composting chamber, and the reduction of the ammonia gas and the nitrogen content can adjust the C/N and the pH value of the compost body in the composting chamber, so that the C/N and the pH value tend to be in a reasonable range, and the composting process is accelerated; the free nitrogen is absorbed and fixed by the semi-decomposed materials in the aging chamber along with the ammonia gas, and is converted into organic nitrogen, so that the nitrogen content of the compost product is improved;
the odor generated by decomposing and purifying the materials in the aging chamber is introduced into the composting chamber, so that relatively clean gas can accelerate the decomposition process of the fresh composting materials; on the other hand, the circulating aeration can take away excessive nitrogen in the compost materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, and the ammonia gas can take away acidic ammonium nitrogen to adjust the subacid compost materials.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a compost fermentation system, 2, a compost aging system, 3, a compost chamber, 4, an aging chamber, 5, an aeration port, 6, a blower, 7, a pipeline, 8, an aeration port, 9, a draught fan, 10, a pipeline, 11, an automatic stirring system, 12 and a temperature monitoring system.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In one embodiment of the invention, the odor self-regulating and controlling composting system comprises a composting fermentation system and a composting aging system, wherein the composting fermentation system is a composting closed space formed by composting chambers, and the composting aging system is an aging closed space formed by aging chambers; the bottom end of the composting chamber is provided with a plurality of aeration ports which are communicated with the aging closed space through pipelines; and a plurality of aeration ports are arranged at the bottom end of the aging chamber, and the aeration ports are communicated with the compost closed space through pipelines.
Preferably, an air blower is arranged on a pipeline, which is communicated with the aging closed space, of an aeration port at the bottom end of the composting chamber;
preferably, an induced draft fan is arranged on a pipeline, which is communicated with the composting closed space, of the aeration opening at the bottom end of the aging chamber.
Preferably, an automatic stirring system is arranged in the composting chamber and is used for turning the composting materials;
preferably, a temperature monitoring system is arranged in the composting chamber and used for monitoring the temperature of the composting materials;
preferably, the pipelines are all wrapped with heat insulation materials, so that heat loss in the composting process is reduced.
Preferably, the air blower and the induced draft fan are made of high temperature resistant materials, and damage to equipment caused by hot steam in the composting process is prevented.
Preferably, the odor self-regulation composting system and the odor self-regulation composting process adopt an upper layer modular design and a lower layer modular design;
further preferably, the composting chamber and the aging chamber are formed by stacking containers.
The composting chamber and the aging chamber can be freely combined and moved, the structure is simple, the occupied area is small, an independent odor treatment system is not arranged, the cost is low, odor generated by composting is fully utilized, and continuous batch production can be realized.
In a second aspect of the invention, an odor self-regulating composting process is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen waste to remove nondegradable impurities, and crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to enable the water content of the kitchen waste to be 50% -60%;
(2) uniformly stacking the pretreated kitchen waste in a composting chamber for aerobic composting, and then transferring the kitchen waste into an aging chamber for further thorough decomposition and aging;
(3) during the compost fermentation, conveying odor generated by fermentation at the upper part in the compost chamber to an aeration port at the bottom of the aging chamber, transferring the odor into compost materials in the aging chamber through the aeration port, degrading and purifying the odor, and improving the nitrogen content of compost products;
(4) during the compost fermentation, the odor degraded and purified by the compost materials at the upper part of the aging chamber is conveyed to an aeration port at the bottom of the compost chamber, and the odor aerates the compost materials through the aeration port to adjust the C/N and the pH value of the compost materials.
Preferably, in the step (1), the pretreatment mode comprises crushing, pressure separation and three-phase separation in sequence;
preferably, the period of aerobic composting in the step (2) is 30-45 days, and compost materials in a composting room are stirred during the period, wherein the stirring frequency is 1 time every 7 days;
preferably, in the step (2), the aging time of the compost materials in the aging chamber is 15-20 days.
In a specific embodiment, odor generated in the composting chamber enters the aging chamber through an induced draft fan and a pipeline. Firstly, decomposing and purifying odor in an aging chamber to directly reduce the pressure for treating the odor; secondly, ammonia in odor takes away a large amount of free ammonium nitrogen in compost materials in the composting chamber, and the reduction of the ammonia and the nitrogen content can adjust C/N and pH of the compost body in the composting chamber, so that the C/N and the pH tend to a reasonable range, and the composting process is accelerated; and finally, the free nitrogen is adsorbed and fixed by the semi-decomposed materials in the aging chamber along with the ammonia gas, and is converted into organic nitrogen, so that the nitrogen content of the compost product is improved.
In a specific embodiment, the odor decomposed and purified by the materials in the aging chamber is blown and aerated into the composting chamber through the air blower and the pipeline again, on one hand, the relatively clean gas can accelerate the decomposition process of the fresh composting materials; on the other hand, the circulating aeration can take away excessive nitrogen in the compost materials, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, and the ammonia gas can take away acidic ammonium nitrogen to adjust the subacid compost materials.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the odor self-regulating and controlling composting system comprises a composting fermentation system 1 and a composting aging system 2; the compost fermentation system 1 is a compost closed space formed by a compost chamber 3, and the compost aging system 2 is an aging closed space formed by an aging chamber 4; the bottom end of the composting chamber 3 is provided with a plurality of aeration ports 5, and the aeration ports 5 are communicated with the aging chamber 4 through a blower 6 and a pipeline 7; a plurality of aeration ports 8 are arranged at the bottom end of the aging chamber 4, and the aeration ports 8 are communicated with the composting chamber 3 through an induced draft fan 9 and a pipeline 10;
in this embodiment, the compost fermentation system 1 and the compost aging system 2 are vertically arranged from top to bottom, and both are constituted by containers. The induced draft fan 9 operates to extract the odor in the composting chamber 3, and the odor is conveyed to the aeration port 8 through the pipeline 10 to uniformly and continuously aerate the aging chamber 4. On one hand, the ammonia gas takes away a large amount of free ammonium nitrogen, so that the nitrogen content of compost materials in the composting chamber 3 can be reduced, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is improved, the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms is facilitated, and the composting process is accelerated; on the other hand, free ammonium nitrogen is absorbed and fixed by materials in the aging chamber along with ammonia gas and is converted into organic nitrogen, so that the nitrogen content of the compost product is increased;
in this embodiment, the blower 6 is operated to remove the odor in the aging chamber 4, and the odor is transported to the aeration port 5 through the pipe 7 and is continuously aerated into the composting chamber 3. The odor in the aging chamber 3 is purified and decomposed by the aging materials and is relatively clean, and the odor is transported to the composting chamber again for blast aeration, on one hand, the circulating aeration can take away excessive nitrogen in the composting materials; on the other hand, the ammonia gas can take away acidic ammonium nitrogen, improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio, adjust the subacid compost materials and accelerate the composting process.
In this embodiment, an automatic stirring system 11 is arranged in the composting chamber 3 to turn the compost materials, and a temperature monitoring system 12 is further arranged to monitor the temperature of the compost materials.
In this embodiment, the pipes 7 and 10 are wrapped with insulation material to reduce heat loss during composting.
In this embodiment, the blower 6 and the induced draft fan 9 are made of high temperature resistant materials, so as to prevent the hot steam in the composting process from damaging the equipment.
An odor self-regulating composting process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen waste, removing nondegradable impurities through crushing, pressure separation and three-phase separation, and crushing and dehydrating to enable the water content of the kitchen waste to be 50% -60%;
(2) uniformly stacking the pretreated kitchen waste in a composting chamber 3 for aerobic composting, wherein the composting period is 30-45 days, and stirring the composting materials in the composting chamber by an automatic stirring system 11 at a stirring frequency of 1 time every 7 days;
then transferring the compost into an aging chamber 4 for further decomposition, wherein the aging time of the compost material in the aging chamber 4 is 15-20 days;
(3) during the compost fermentation, odor generated by fermentation at the upper part in the compost chamber 3 is conveyed to an aeration port 8 at the bottom of the aging chamber 4 through an induced draft fan 9 and a pipeline 10, and the odor is transferred into compost materials in the aging chamber 4 through the aeration port 8, so that the odor is degraded and purified, and the nitrogen content of compost products is improved;
(4) during the compost fermentation, the odor degraded and purified by the compost materials at the upper part of the aging chamber 4 is conveyed to an aeration port 5 at the bottom of the compost chamber through an air blower 6 and a pipeline 7, and the odor aerates the compost materials through the aeration port 5 to play a role in adjusting the C/N and pH value of the compost materials.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A compost system with self-regulation and control of odor is characterized by comprising a compost fermentation system and a compost aging system, wherein the compost fermentation system is a compost closed space formed by a compost chamber, and the compost aging system is an aging closed space formed by an aging chamber; the bottom end of the composting chamber is provided with a plurality of aeration ports which are communicated with the aging closed space through pipelines; and a plurality of aeration ports are arranged at the bottom end of the aging chamber, and the aeration ports are communicated with the compost closed space through pipelines.
2. The odor self-regulating composting system of claim 1 wherein an air blower is disposed on the pipe connecting the aeration port at the bottom end of the composting chamber to the aging enclosure; and an induced draft fan is arranged on a pipeline, which is communicated with the closed compost space, of the aeration port at the bottom end of the aging chamber.
3. The odor self-regulating composting system of claim 1 wherein an automatic stirring system is disposed in the composting chamber and the automatic stirring system turns the compost material.
4. The odor self-regulating composting system of claim 1 wherein a temperature monitoring system is disposed in the composting chamber.
5. The odor self-regulating composting system of claim 1 wherein the conduits are all wrapped with insulation.
6. The self-regulating and controlling composting system of odor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the air blower and the induced draft fan are made of high temperature resistant materials.
7. The odor self-regulating composting system of claim 1 wherein the composting and aging chamber is of a two-level modular construction; preferably, the composting chamber and the aging chamber are formed by stacking containers.
8. An odor self-regulation and control composting process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pretreating the kitchen waste to remove nondegradable impurities, and crushing and dehydrating the kitchen waste to enable the water content of the kitchen waste to be 50% -60%;
(2) uniformly stacking the pretreated kitchen waste in a composting chamber for aerobic composting, and then transferring the kitchen waste into an aging chamber for further thorough decomposition and aging;
(3) during the compost fermentation, conveying odor generated by fermentation at the upper part in the compost chamber to an aeration port at the bottom of the aging chamber, transferring the odor into compost materials in the aging chamber through the aeration port, degrading and purifying the odor, and improving the nitrogen content of compost products;
(4) during the compost fermentation, the odor degraded and purified by the compost materials at the upper part of the aging chamber is conveyed to an aeration port at the bottom of the compost chamber, and the odor aerates the compost materials through the aeration port to adjust the C/N and the pH value of the compost materials.
9. The odor self-regulating composting process of claim 8 wherein in step (1) the pretreatment is by sequential crushing, pressure sorting and three-phase separation.
10. The odor self-regulation composting process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the period of aerobic composting in the step (2) is 30-45 days, during which the composting materials in the composting chamber are stirred, and the stirring frequency is 1 time every 7 days; the aging time of the compost materials in the aging chamber is 15-20 days.
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| CN116283382A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-23 | 赤峰学院 | Composting system and composting method for split-stack plastic composting |
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| CN115521170B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2024-05-17 | 北京四良科技有限公司 | Automatic fermentation system capable of recycling waste gas |
| CN116283382A (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-06-23 | 赤峰学院 | Composting system and composting method for split-stack plastic composting |
| CN116283382B (en) * | 2023-03-24 | 2024-03-15 | 赤峰学院 | Composting system and composting method for split-stack plastic composting |
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