CN112676315A - Harmless resource treatment improvement method for waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Harmless resource treatment improvement method for waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN112676315A CN112676315A CN202011557600.XA CN202011557600A CN112676315A CN 112676315 A CN112676315 A CN 112676315A CN 202011557600 A CN202011557600 A CN 202011557600A CN 112676315 A CN112676315 A CN 112676315A
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- fly ash
- polyvinyl chloride
- heavy metals
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- constant temperature
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012320 chlorinating reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000086 high toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010169 landfilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides an improvement method for harmless resource treatment of waste incineration fly ash, which removes heavy metals in the fly ash by taking polyvinyl chloride as a chlorinating agent in a heat treatment furnace in the fly ash collected in the waste incineration process through a chloride volatilization method. Meanwhile, the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours, so that more than 90 percent of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed, wherein the Pb and the Zn can be removed by 100 percent, and the Cu and the Mn can also be removed by 50 percent. In a gas scrubbing plant, the aqueous solution is concentrated with volatile metal chlorides, while the acid gases are removed from the gas stream. The metals are then separately recovered by wet separation. The method adopts polyvinyl chloride and fly ash to heat at constant temperature to remove heavy metals, and can utilize waste heat for harmless treatment to be recycled as building raw materials or comprehensively utilized by metal extraction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste incineration fly ash treatment, in particular to an improvement method of a harmless recycling treatment system for waste incineration fly ash.
Background
In recent years, as the economy of China is rapidly developed, the urbanization scale is continuously enlarged, and the discharge amount of the household garbage is also increased year by year. At present, the main treatment technology of municipal solid waste in China is an incineration method. The incineration process generates a large amount of slag, and has the problems of stacking and secondary pollution, and the unprocessed slag is mainly buried. But because the urban landfill cost is becoming high, the method has important significance for harmless resource treatment of the slag.
The incineration process of the municipal solid waste can generate a large amount of fly ash, and the fly ash has high toxicity to the environment due to containing a large amount of heavy metals, so that not only can atmospheric pollution and water channel siltation be caused, but also certain chemical substances in the fly ash can cause harm to organisms and human bodies. Therefore, fly ash must be stabilized prior to landfilling. Fly ash melts at temperatures of 1700-1800 c and the recovered slag becomes a resource for building materials and high purity metals, but producing molten fly ash is an energy consuming process. The chloride volatilization process enables heavy metals to be removed as lower boiling metal chlorides at relatively low temperatures.
At present, a large amount of plastic waste is generated every year, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is considered as a harmful compound in most cases, but the PVC can increase the mobility of heavy metals during incineration. Due to the high chemical and physical stability of PVC, corrosion of processing facilities can result. Suitable methods for treating PVC are also desired in current plastic recycling systems. Therefore, the volatilization of chloride by heavy metals present in fly ash and the simultaneous heating of PVC are very potential methods for treating municipal solid waste fly ash and PVC waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the main problem of providing an improved method of a harmless recycling treatment system for waste incineration fly ash, so as to solve the problems of serious environmental pollution and high energy consumption in the prior art. The method for treating the fly ash generated by burning the garbage is improved by utilizing effective means of volatilization of chloride and pyrolysis of PVC in the current plastic recovery system, heavy metals in the fly ash are removed, and the fly ash is recycled by a separation and recycling system.
Based on the prior art, the invention adopts the following improved method scheme:
an improved method for treating the fly ash generated by burning garbage to obtain useful resource features that the heavy metals in fly ash are removed by volatilizing chloride in a heat treating furnace using polyvinyl chloride as chlorinating agent. Meanwhile, the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours, so that more than 90 percent of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed, wherein the Pb and the Zn can be removed by 100 percent, and the Cu and the Mn can also be removed by 50 percent. In a gas scrubbing plant, the aqueous solution is concentrated with volatile metal chlorides, while acid gases are removed from the gas stream; the metals are then separately recovered by wet separation.
Furthermore, the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours, so that more than 90 percent of heavy metals in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
Furthermore, the heating temperature for removing heavy metals in the fly ash at high temperature is 900 ℃, and the effect is better than that of 800 ℃ and 700 ℃.
Furthermore, the heating mode for removing heavy metals in the fly ash at high temperature is constant temperature heating, and the effect is better than heating at elevated temperature.
Furthermore, the heavy metals removed from the fly ash can be recycled, and the fly ash can be recycled as building raw materials after being collected.
The method for harmless treatment and improvement of the garbage fly ash provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method adopts the garbage fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride to heat together, can add fly ash harmless resource treatment equipment in the flow of the existing garbage incineration method, needs less equipment for operating the method, occupies smaller floor area of the device, and simultaneously, the heat needed by operating the method can utilize the waste heat generated in the garbage incineration process.
2. The method adopts the garbage fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride to be heated together, so that the heavy metal in the fly ash can be removed through the volatilization of chloride in the incineration process, and the increasingly serious plastic pollution in daily life can be treated; the heavy metal in the fly ash can be further recycled after being removed, and the heavy metal can also be recycled. Thus, the improved process provides a synergistic process for the disposal of waste fly ash and PVC plastics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the improved method for the harmless recycling treatment system of the fly ash from waste incineration.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fly ash and PVC mixing reaction device.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an improved method of a harmless resource treatment system for waste incineration fly ash, and the content of the invention is further explained by specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, fly ash generated in the incineration process of garbage is collected in an incinerator and mixed with polyvinyl chloride, and the waste heat generated in the incineration process is used for treatment.
To evaluate the potential of polyvinyl chloride as a chlorinating agent, different methods were used at different temperatures (I) heating at elevated temperature, (II) heating at constant temperature, adding polyvinyl chloride to remove heavy metals, and adding CaCl2Constant temperature heating was used for comparison.
With N2The air inside the reactor was purged and then heated from ambient temperature to 900 c with a constant temperature increase.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours, and more than 90 percent of heavy metals in the fly ash can be effectively removed. The heavy metal removed from the fly ash can be recycled, and the fly ash can be collected and recycled as building raw materials.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated and reacted in a thermal reaction furnace, and the removal rate of heavy metals in the fly ash is increased along with the reaction time.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated for 2 hours at 700 ℃, and 60% of Pb, 10% of Zn, 2% of Cu and 1% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated isothermally at 700 ℃ for 2 hours, so that 80% of Pb, 10% of Zn, 1% of Cu and 1% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated for 2 hours at 800 ℃, and 85% of Pb, 75% of Zn, 10% of Cu and 10% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated isothermally at 800 ℃ for 2 hours, so that 90% of Pb, 80% of Zn, 15% of Cu and 20% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated for 2 hours at 900 ℃, and 90% of Pb, 80% of Zn, 50% of Cu and 40% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
The fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated isothermally at 900 ℃ for 2 hours, and 98% of Pb, 90% of Zn, 60% of Cu and 50% of Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed.
Fly ash and CaCl2The fly ash can be effectively removed by isothermal heating for 2h at 900 ℃ to remove 90% of Pb, 90% of Zn, 10% of Cu and 50% of Mn.
According to the test results under different conditions, the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours at the same time, so that more than 90% of heavy metals in the fly ash can be effectively removed, Pb and Zn can be basically and completely removed, and Cu and Mn can also be removed by 50%. The fly ash and polyvinyl chloride are heat treated and then fed to a gas scrubbing unit where the volatilized metal chlorides can be concentrated with an aqueous solution and acid gases (e.g., HCl) can be removed from the gas stream. Then various heavy metals are respectively recovered through wet separation for cyclic utilization, and the fly ash after the heavy metals are removed can be further recycled and used as building raw materials or modifying agents and the like.
TABLE 1 removal rate of heavy metals from fly ash under different reaction conditions
Claims (2)
1. A method for treating and improving the fly ash generated by burning garbage in a harmless and resourceful way is characterized in that the heavy metals in the fly ash are removed by taking polyvinyl chloride as a chlorinating agent in a heat treatment furnace. Meanwhile, the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours, so that more than 90 percent of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn in the fly ash can be effectively removed, wherein the Pb and the Zn can be removed by 100 percent, and the Cu and the Mn can also be removed by 50 percent. In a gas scrubbing plant, the aqueous solution is concentrated with volatile metal chlorides, while acid gases are removed from the gas stream; the metals are then separately recovered by wet separation.
2. The improvement method of the harmless resource treatment of the fly ash from the incineration of garbage according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash and the polyvinyl chloride are heated at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 2 hours to effectively remove more than 90% of heavy metals in the fly ash.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011557600.XA CN112676315A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Harmless resource treatment improvement method for waste incineration fly ash |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011557600.XA CN112676315A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Harmless resource treatment improvement method for waste incineration fly ash |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112676315A true CN112676315A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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| CN202011557600.XA Pending CN112676315A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Harmless resource treatment improvement method for waste incineration fly ash |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114082767A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-25 | 华南理工大学 | Method for promoting chlorination volatilization of heavy metals in fly ash generated by burning household garbage |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11197629A (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 1999-07-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Treating method for incinerated fly ash |
| JP2001121103A (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-05-08 | Ebara Corp | Detoxicating method of incineration fly ash |
| JP2009196860A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-09-03 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Method of treating dust containing lead component, potassium component and chlorine component |
| CN101905235A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2010-12-08 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for extracting harmful heavy metal from incineration fly ash by using supercritical fluid |
| CN103423757A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-04 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Flue gas demercuration device and method utilizing polyvinyl chloride and boiler fly ash |
| CN108715519A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-10-30 | 南京师范大学镇江创新发展研究院 | A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash harmless resource utilization utilizes |
-
2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011557600.XA patent/CN112676315A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11197629A (en) * | 1998-01-19 | 1999-07-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Treating method for incinerated fly ash |
| JP2001121103A (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-05-08 | Ebara Corp | Detoxicating method of incineration fly ash |
| JP2009196860A (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-09-03 | Taiheiyo Cement Corp | Method of treating dust containing lead component, potassium component and chlorine component |
| CN101905235A (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2010-12-08 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for extracting harmful heavy metal from incineration fly ash by using supercritical fluid |
| CN103423757A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-12-04 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Flue gas demercuration device and method utilizing polyvinyl chloride and boiler fly ash |
| CN108715519A (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2018-10-30 | 南京师范大学镇江创新发展研究院 | A kind of method that incineration of refuse flyash harmless resource utilization utilizes |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 胡小英;田书磊;闫大海;金晶;王琪;: "氯化剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属挥发特性的影响" * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114082767A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-02-25 | 华南理工大学 | Method for promoting chlorination volatilization of heavy metals in fly ash generated by burning household garbage |
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