CN112653165A - 基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站 - Google Patents

基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站 Download PDF

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CN112653165A
CN112653165A CN202011541749.9A CN202011541749A CN112653165A CN 112653165 A CN112653165 A CN 112653165A CN 202011541749 A CN202011541749 A CN 202011541749A CN 112653165 A CN112653165 A CN 112653165A
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charging
bidirectional
unit
switching
voltage
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向慕超
凌在汛
崔一铂
金晨
康逸群
陈文�
游力
熊昊哲
丁永明
万冲
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Hubei Fangyuan Dongli Electric Power Science Research Co ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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Hubei Fangyuan Dongli Electric Power Science Research Co ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/51—Photovoltaic means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，该***包括双向整流单元、双向充电堆单元、投切单元、充电枪、光伏发电单元、储能单元；双向整流单元向上与10kV交流配电网相连，向下与双向充电堆单元汇聚于1kV直流母线；投切单元同时连接室内机房双向充电堆单元、储能单元和室外若干充电枪、光伏发电单元。本发明使用接触器投切开关矩阵建立不同的直流充放电通道，根据电动汽车充电功率的大小采取不同的控制策略，可实现电动汽车柔性充电；对日间负荷高峰时期快充站用电进行支撑，并加以光伏发电***进行补充，能够有效地平衡快充站的负荷峰谷差，起到“削峰填谷”的作用，从而维持电网运行状态的稳定运行，提高***运行效率。

Description

基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源光伏储能充电站技术领域，具体是一种基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站及控制方法。
背景技术
目前电动汽车充电站电源单一，主要采用通过配电网供电形式。站内通常设有多台直流充电机，因单台直流充电机的功率较大，单次充电时间较短，这一特点导致充电站在晚间电网负荷低谷时期的利用率较低，而在日间电网负荷高峰时期，若有大量电动车同时需要快速充电时，大功率的充电需求将对电网带来短时的负荷冲击。随着充电站建设的大范围开展，这一问题势必会影响电网的稳定运行，甚至可能威胁电力***安全。
光储充智慧充电站将光伏、储能和充电站结合建设，利用电池储能***吸收晚间负荷低谷时期的电能，对日间负荷高峰时期快充站用电进行支撑，并加以光伏发电***进行补充，能够有效平衡快充站的负荷峰谷差，提高***运行效率，减少负荷高峰时期电力***资源占用，从而达到优化运行方式，提高运行经济性的目的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，解决了现有技术中存在的负荷高峰期时对电网的短时负荷冲击的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，包括双向整流单元、双向充电堆单元、投切单元、充电枪、光伏发电单元、储能单元；
所述双向整流单元向上与10kV交流配电网相连，向下与双向充电堆单元汇聚于1kV直流母线；所述投切单元同时连接室内机房双向充电堆单元、储能单元和室外若干充电枪、光伏发电单元。
进一步的，所述双向整流单元包括若干个插拔式双向AC/DC模块、双向整流单元控制器，双向AC/DC模块可工作在整流和逆变两种模式，整流模式下完成APFC功能，逆变模式下作为虚拟同步发电机实现并网。
进一步的，所述双向充电堆单元包括20个双向DC/DC转换模块、双向充电堆控制器，双向DC/DC转换模块可工作在升压和降压两种模式，在降压模式下通过投切单元以恒流控制模式用于电动汽车充电，在升压模式下以恒压控制模式与1kV直流母线相连。
进一步的，所述投切单元包括接触器投切开关矩阵及投切控制器，每个接触器开关矩阵由4个半导体开关为1组的切换单元组成，所述接触器投切开关矩阵用于根据连接到充电枪上的电动汽车所需充电功率进行投切半导体开关至不同数量和不同状态的DC/DC转换模块，从而实现通过投切实现电动汽车的柔性充电。
进一步的，所述光伏发电单元包括光伏组件、汇流排及MPPT控制器，***采用60片的光伏组件，15组串联到600V/4.5kW，再8组并联到600V/36kW，总计120块光伏组件，面积约为200平方米，最大功率点时，电压约为480V。
进一步的，所述储能单元包括锂电池组、BMS，其中锂电池组采用标称电压为3.2V的磷酸铁锂电池，采用先并后串组成锂电池组。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的储能单元能够对日间负荷高峰时期快充站用电进行支撑，并加以光伏发电***进行补充，因此，能够有效地平衡快充站的负荷峰谷差，起到“削峰填谷”的作用，从而维持电网运行状态的稳定运行，提高***运行效率。
(2)本发明使用接触器投切开关矩阵建立不同的直流充放电通道，可以实现电动汽车柔性充电。
附图说明
图1是本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的结构示意图；
图2是本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的接触器投切开关矩阵结构图
图3是本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的双向DC/DC拓扑结构图
图4是本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的双向AC/DC充电单元***结构图
图1中，1—双向整流单元，2—双向充电堆单元，3—投切单元，4—充电枪，5—光伏发电单元，6—储能单元，7—双向AC/DC转换模块，8—APFC，9—同步虚拟发电机，10—双向DC/DC转换模块，11—1kV直流母线，12—接触器投切开关矩阵。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站其中一个实施例，包括双向整流单元1(1-3MW)、双向充电堆单元2(400kW)、投切单元3、充电枪4、光伏发电单元5(36kW)、储能单元6(40kW锂电池)。其中储能单元6位于室内机房，充电枪4、光伏发电单元5组成室外充电设备。
双向整流单元1向上与10kV交流配电网相连，向下与双向充电堆单元2汇聚于1kV直流母线11；所述投切单元3同时连接室内机房双向充电堆单元2、储能单元6和室外若干充电枪4、光伏发电单元5。
所述双向整流单元1包括若干个插拔式双向AC/DC模块7、双向整流单元控制器，双向AC/DC模块7可工作在整流和逆变两种模式，整流模式下完成APFC8功能，逆变模式下作为虚拟同步发电机9实现并网。
双向充电堆单元2由20个双向DC/DC转换模块10、双向充电堆控制器等设备组成，双向DC/DC转换模块10可工作在升压和降压两种模式，在降压模式下通过投切单元3以恒流控制模式用于电动汽车充电，在升压模式下以恒压控制模式与1kV直流母线11相连。
投切单元3由接触器投切开关矩阵12及投切控制器组成，每个接触器投切开关矩阵12由4个半导体开关为1组的切换单元组成，通过投切实现柔性充电。
接触器投切开关矩阵12的主要作用在于：接触器投切开关矩阵12内部的结构如图2所示，可根据连接到充电枪1……10上的电动汽车所需充电功率进行投切半导体开关至不同数量(投切单元可根据电动汽车充电功率的大小，将半导体开关投切到多个DC/DC转换模块，同时为一个充电枪充电)和不同状态的DC/DC转换模块(这里所指的不同状态是指DC/DC转换模块连接不同的设备，如有的DC/DC连接到光伏发电单元，有的DC/DC转换模块连接到储能单元，有的DC/DC转换模块未连接两者中的任何一个单元)，从而实现电动汽车的柔性充电；
投切单元柔性充电的一种具体表现形式：如图1所示，将双向充电堆单元中20个双向DC/DC转换模块以两个为一组，进行编号为1、2……10，其中编号为1的DC/DC转换模块与36kw光伏发电单元相连，编号为2的DC/DC转换模块与40kw储能单元相连，其余双向DC/DC转换模块暂不与任何单元连接，若此时与充电枪1连接的电动汽车所需充电功率为80kw，则根据投切单元的灵活充电原则，首先投切半导体开关与编号为1的双向DC/DC转换模块连接，建立光伏单元放电通道；其次根据储能单元的状态建立储能单元的放电通道，假设此时储能单元可以建立放电通道，则此时投切单元会将投切半导体开关与编号为2的双向DC/DC模块相连，建立储能单元的放电通道；在该种假设的条件下，由投切单元所建立的两条放电通道仍不能满足电动汽车充电需求，则此时投切开关矩阵会投切半导体开关，建立DC/DC转换模块与电网的连接通道，从而满足电动汽车的充电功率需求。光伏发电单元5由光伏组件、汇流排及MPPT控制器组成，***采用60片的光伏组件，15组串联到600V/4.5kW，再8组并联到600V/36kW，总计120块光伏组件，面积约为200平方米，最大功率点时，电压约为480V。
储能单元6由锂电池组、BMS等设备组成，其中锂电池组采用标称电压为3.2V(3～3.5V波动)的磷酸铁锂电池采用先并后串组成锂电池组。
如图2所示，本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站的投切单元由半导体投切开关阵列组成，每个接触器开关矩阵由4个半导体开关为1组的切换单元组成，***以3组切换单元为一个整体能够为10个充电枪头自由充电，每个DC/DC的正负极都能连接到充电枪1～充电枪10，若需配置更多的充电枪为电动汽车充电，只需要按照需求配置相应数量的开关矩阵即可。
如图3所示，本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站实施例中提供了一种双向DC/DC拓扑结构图，在本***中，为提高稳定性、保证安全运行、减小对地漏电流并且实现宽范围输入输出电压的匹配，双向DC/DC主电路拓扑采用隔离型结构，由于DC/DC两端电压较高，适合采用全桥结构，即在高频隔离变压器的两端连接全桥逆变/整流器。又因为电路要具有双向能量流，开关器件必须选择具有寄生反并联二极管的逆导全控器件，从而实现高频逆变或整流。双向DC/DC采用一端电压源输入，一端电流源输入，电流源侧串大电感，具有平滑电流波形的作用。电流源输入必将给电路启动带来一定的困难，因此将蓄电池端的电感改造成为具有双绕组的反激绕组，并增加二极管构成反激式启动电路，反激绕组的变比nF与变压器变比nr一致。
如图4所示，本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站实施例提供了60kw双向AC/DC充电***结构图，其中主电路由三个电网侧交流电感、三相二电平桥式电路和一个直流侧稳压电容构成，采用三相对称无中线连接方式，共有6个开关管。三相桥臂由两个串联的IGBT开关器件组成，电网侧电感的主要作用为抑制电路纹波和控制网侧电流，直流侧的母线电容起到稳压滤波的作用，保证控制环路稳定；主控制单元是三相双向DC/AC的核心单元，三相PWM整流器的控制算法、维持环路的稳定运行都是通过在主控制单元的控制芯片(德州仪器的工业控制芯片TMS320F28335)上编程实现的。它的额外任务还包括对整个***进行电压、电流、温度保护，当前运行状态监测等。电流电压采样单元的主要作用是通过模拟电路将电网侧的电压、电流以及直流侧的电压、负载电流等状态变量转换为主控制单元控制芯片可以检测到的电压范围。辅助供电单元将电网侧交流电压转换成较小的直流电压给各个模块，其总体功率不大，效率较高。驱动单元通过将主控单元的PWM信号转换成功率驱动电压来控制IGBT的通断，具备IGBT短路保护功能，且实现控制电路与功率电路的隔离
本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站及其控制方法的优点为：
(1)本发明基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，采用光伏发电+储能单元+电网三位一体的方式为电动汽车充电，相比于传统的电网供电而言，基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站一方面将分布式光伏并入电动汽车充电站，使站内电动汽车、光伏、储能等单元协调调度，实现了分布式新能源的消纳与利用，另一方面采用有序的充放电控制策略，能够有效地平衡快充站的负荷峰谷差，提高***运行效率，减少负荷高峰期时的电力资源占用，从而达到最优化的运行。
(2)本发明中的投切单元采用接触器开关矩阵来建立不同的充电/放电通道，可实现任意模块向任意充电模块供电，柔性度极高，所有的充电桩均能通过合理的分配获得最大功率，减少能量损耗。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，自左而右包括1-3MW双向整流单元(1)、400kW双向充电堆单元(2)、投切单元(3)、36kW光伏发电单元(5)、400kW锂电池储能单元(6)；
所述双向整流单元(1)向上与10kV交流配电网相连，向下与若干双向充电堆单元(2)汇聚于1kV直流母线(11)；所述单个投切单元(3)同时连接室内机房双向充电堆单元(2)、储能单元(6)、光伏发电单元(5)和室外10个充电枪(4)。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，所述双向整流单元(1)包括若干个插拔式双向AC/DC模块(7)、双向整流单元控制器，双向AC/DC模块(7)可工作在整流和逆变两种模式，整流模式下完成APFC(8)功能，逆变模式下作为虚拟同步发电机(9)实现并网。
3.如权利要求1所述的基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，所述双向充电堆单元(2)包括20个双向DC/DC转换模块(10)、双向充电堆控制器，双向DC/DC转换模块(10)可工作在升压和降压两种模式，在降压模式下通过投切单元(3)以恒流控制模式用于电动汽车充电，在升压模式下以恒压控制模式与1kV直流母线(11)相连。
4.如权利要求1所述的基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，所述投切单元(3)包括接触器投切开关矩阵(12)及投切控制器，每个接触器开关矩阵(12)由4个半导体开关为1组的切换单元组成，所述接触器投切开关矩阵(12)用于根据连接到充电枪上的电动汽车所需充电功率进行投切半导体开关至不同数量和不同状态的DC/DC转换模块，从而实现通过投切实现柔性充电。
5.如权利要求1所述的基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，所述光伏发电单元(5)包括光伏组件、汇流排及MPPT控制器，***采用60片的光伏组件，15组串联到600V/4.5kW，再8组并联到600V/36kW，总计120块光伏组件，面积约为200平方米，最大功率点时，电压约为480V。
6.如权利要求1所述的基于高压直流微网的灵活复用型光储充智慧充电站，其特征在于，所述储能单元(6)包括锂电池组、BMS，其中锂电池组采用标称电压为3.2V的磷酸铁锂电池，采用先并后串组成锂电池组。
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