CN112646188B - 线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112646188B
CN112646188B CN202011498623.8A CN202011498623A CN112646188B CN 112646188 B CN112646188 B CN 112646188B CN 202011498623 A CN202011498623 A CN 202011498623A CN 112646188 B CN112646188 B CN 112646188B
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冯威
唐亮亮
杜冲冲
史大阔
张永明
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Shandong Dongyue Polymer Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及含氟聚合物技术领域，具体涉及一种线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和应用。所述的线性有机聚硅氧烷，制备方法为：将含氟单体水解后，与乙烯基硅氧烷或含氢硅氧烷，烷基硅氧烷，封端剂混合，加入催化剂，在50‑130℃温度下反应2‑8h共聚，即得线性有机聚硅氧烷。本发明的线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷，解决了含氟聚硅氧烷粘度控制和成本高的问题，其制备方法简单，副产物少，后处理方便，得到的产物品质高，适用于涂料、离型剂、压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂领域。

Description

线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及含氟聚合物技术领域，具体涉及一种线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在地球表面存在的元素中，氧元素所占的含量最多，高达49.5％。排在第二位的就是硅元素，含量达25.8％。这两者构成的-Si-O-Si-O-的骨架广泛分布于自然界中，而有机硅化合物则指的是硅原子与含有有机基团的碳原子相连的化合物。被誉为“工业味精”、“科技发展催化剂”的有机硅是一种人工合成的、结构上以硅-氧原子为主链的聚合物，在硅与其它元素形成的化学键中，除Si-F(560.6KJ/mol)键以外，以Si-O(422.5KJ/mol)键最为牢固，其也是有机硅化合物中最为常见的化学键。由于硅原子与氧原子间具有很高的键能，因此与一般的有机聚合物相比，有机硅聚合物具有更优的热氧稳定性。
而将氟引入有机硅聚合物中，不仅保持了其原有的优点，还使其具有更优越的耐高低温性能、耐候性等。因为这些特性，含氟聚硅氧烷在离型剂中用很大的应用，离型剂是为防止成型的复合材料制品在模具上粘着，而在制品与模具之间施加一类隔离膜，以便制品很容易从模具中脱出，同时保证制品表面质量和模具完好无损，压敏胶中的离型剂可以隔绝胶层，粘结基材背部。离型剂的主要成分就是引入氟原子的有机硅聚合物，通过引入氟原子可以使得有机硅聚合物拥有良好的离型力、残余粘结力等。由于优良的性质，含氟聚硅氧烷材料同样可以应用在压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂等领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷，解决了含氟聚硅氧烷粘度控制和成本高的问题；本发明还提供其制备方法和应用，制备方法简单，副产物少，后处理方便，得到的产物品质高，适用于涂料、离型剂、压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂领域。
本发明所述的线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷，化学结构式如下：
Figure BDA0002842938450000011
其中，X、Y和Z为以下范围内的整数：0≤X≤500，1≤Y≤1000，2≤Z≤2000；
V为2-10个碳原子的烯基基团或氢；
Rf为C3F7C(CF3)2XR，X为酯基或CnH2n，R为氟链段与硅原子相连的含2-6个碳的二价烃基，n为0-10的整数；
R1为1-10个碳原子的取代或未取代的单价基团，其不具有脂族不饱和性；
R2为1-8个碳原子的烷基；
K为封端基团。
优选的，X、Y和Z为以下范围内的整数：0≤X≤300、1≤Y≤500、2≤Z≤1000；
V为2-6个碳原子的烯基基团或氢，V只能为两者中的一个，两者不能同时存在；
R1为1-4个碳原子的取代或未取代的单价基团，其不具有脂族不饱和性；
K为氢、甲基、烯基。
线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷的氟含量为20-50wt％，优选30-40wt％。具有多于50wt％氟含量的有机聚硅氧烷质量过差，而具有低于20wt％氟含量的有机聚硅氧烷效果也比较差。
当V为2-10碳原子的烯基基团时，线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷为乙烯基氟硅油，其氟含量为20-50wt％，烯基基团含量为0.1-5wt％。
当V为氢时，线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷为氢基氟硅油，其氟含量为20-50wt％，氢含量为10-20wt％。
线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷的25℃粘度为100-3000mPa·s，优选200-1500mPa·s。在低于100mPa·s的粘度(该粘度由旋转粘度计测定)下，相应的组合物具有差的膜特性，不能实现所需的剥离效果。在高于3000mPa·s的粘度下，相应的组合物难以涂覆。
本发明所述的线性有机聚硅氧烷的制备方法，步骤为：将含氟单体水解后，与乙烯基硅氧烷或含氢硅氧烷、烷基硅氧烷、封端剂混合，加入催化剂，在50-130℃温度下反应2-8h共聚得到。
乙烯基硅氧烷为
Figure BDA0002842938450000021
或乙烯基硅油，其中a为2-8的整数；V为2-10个碳原子的烯基基团，优选为2-6个碳原子的烯基基团，更优选为乙烯基或烯丙基；R1为1-10个碳原子烷基基团，优选为1-4个碳原子的烷基基团，更优选为甲基或乙基。
含氢硅氧烷为
Figure BDA0002842938450000031
或高含氢硅油，其中c为3-6的整数，R1为1-10个碳原子烷基基团，优选为1-4个碳原子的烷基基团，更优选为甲基或乙基。
烷基硅氧烷为
Figure BDA0002842938450000032
或烷基硅油，其中b为3-6的整数，R2为1-8个碳原子的烷基，优选为甲基或乙基。
封端剂为
Figure BDA0002842938450000033
其中d为0-30的整数，K为氢原子、甲基、烯基。
催化剂为氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠、四甲基氢氧化铵、硫酸、磷酸、盐酸或三氟甲基磺酸的一种，催化剂用量为含氟单体重量的0.1-0.4％。
本发明所述的线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷，应用于离型剂、压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂的合成与制备。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明采用相对简单的方法制得含氟聚硅氧烷，副产物较少，后处理方便；并且可以控制聚硅氧烷的粘度、氟含量，得到的产物品质高，适用于涂料、离型剂、压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂等领域。
具体实施方式
以下结合实例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
将100重量份含氟单体C3F7C(CF3)2CH2CH2Si(Cl)2CH3水解处理后，与4.86重量份六甲基六乙烯基环六硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000034
110.51重量份六甲基环三硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000035
0.213重量份硅烷封端基剂
Figure BDA0002842938450000041
混合后加入到反应釜中，氮气保护，升温至80℃，加入含氟单体质量分数0.3％的三氟甲磺酸，催化反应10h后，降温，中和，过滤、脱出低沸物，得到氟含量33wt％，乙烯基含量1.2wt％，粘度330mPa·s的含氟聚硅氧烷，收率为89.1％，。
实施例2
将100重量份含氟单体C3F7C(CF3)2CH2CH2CH2CH2Si(Cl)2CH3水解处理后，与18.4重量份三甲基环三硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000042
83.4重量份六甲基环三硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000043
0.201重量份硅烷封端基剂
Figure BDA0002842938450000044
混合后加入到反应釜中，氮气保护，升温至80℃，加入含氟单体质量分数0.3％的三氟甲磺酸，催化反应10h后，降温，中和，过滤、脱出低沸物，得到氟含量32.4wt％，氢含量16.3wt％，粘度280mPa·s的含氟聚硅氧烷，收率为90.3％，。
实施例3
将100份含氟单体C3F7C(CF3)2OCOCH2CH2Si(Cl)2CH3水解处理后，与2.56重量份六甲基六乙烯基环六硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000045
52.31重量份六甲基环三硅氧烷
Figure BDA0002842938450000046
0.146重量份硅烷封端基剂
Figure BDA0002842938450000047
混合后加入到反应釜中，氮气保护，升温至80℃，加入含氟单体质量分数0.3％的三氟甲磺酸，催化反应10h后，降温，中和，过滤、脱出低沸物，得到氟含量42.5wt％，乙烯基含量2.1wt％，粘度480mPa·s的含氟聚硅氧烷，收率为92.1％。
实施例4
取2g实施例1中合成的乙烯基硅油和0.2g实施例2中合成含氢硅油混合，加入100ppm铂族金属催化剂，用正庚烷做溶剂，配成硅油含量为4.5％的离型剂。
将配好的离型剂涂布在厚度75μm的PET膜上，使固体成分为0.4g/m2，在120℃的烘箱中加热固化50秒后取出。按照FINAT法评价得到的离型层，测得剥离力为0.16N/25mm，残留粘接率为94％。

Claims (2)

1.一种线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷，其特征在于：化学结构式如下：
Figure 921287DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
，
其中，X、Y和Z为以下范围内的整数：0≤X≤500，1≤Y≤1000，2≤Z≤2000；
Rf为C3F7C(CF3)2XR，X为酯基或CnH2n，R为氟链段与硅原子相连的含2-6个碳的二价烃基，n为0-10的整数；
所述线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷为乙烯基氟硅油，其氟含量为20-50wt%，烯基基团含量为0.1-5wt%；制备方法为：将含氟单体水解后，与乙烯基硅氧烷，烷基硅氧烷，封端剂混合，加入催化剂，在50-130℃温度下反应2-8h共聚得到；
乙烯基硅氧烷为
Figure 337225DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
，其中a为2-8的整数，V为2-10个碳原子的烯基基团，R1为1-10个碳原子烷基基团；
烷基硅氧烷为
Figure 417307DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
，其中b为3-6的整数，R2为1-8个碳原子的烷基；
封端剂为
Figure 85049DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
，其中d为0-30的整数，K为氢原子、甲基、烯基。
2.一种权利要求1所述的线性有机含氟聚硅氧烷的应用，其特征在于：用于离型剂、压敏胶、润滑剂、消泡剂的合成与制备。
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