CN112643022A - 一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末 - Google Patents
一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B22F1/0003—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0021—Matrix based on noble metals, Cu or alloys thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/02—Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
本发明公开了一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，其特点为：将粒径为40～50μm的铜基复合粉末作为成形材料，采用激光选区熔化成形的方法制备铁基非晶增强铜基合金，其中铜基复合粉末主要由铁基非晶粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7的质量比组成。本发明优点在于：铜基复合粉末在激光选区熔化成形过程中，发生液相分离而自组装形成球状非晶铁颗粒，非晶铁颗粒弥散分布于富铜基体内；铁基非晶增强铜基合金具有高强、高耐蚀与高耐磨与高导热等优异综合性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，属于激光增材制造技术领域。
背景技术
铜合金是以纯铜为基体而加入一种或几种其他元素所构成的合金，因具有较高的强度与韧性，在工业领域具有广阔的应用前景，如用于制作发电机、电线、电缆、开关装置、变压器等电工器材，以及热交换器、管道、太阳能加热装置的平板集热器等导热器件。
但是，由于铜合金的强度、耐磨性与耐热性不足，铜合金的应用受到了很大程度的限制。颗粒增强铜基合金在铜基体内引入第二相颗粒如纤维、晶须、陶瓷等高强度的强化相增强铜基体，增加其耐磨性，具有良好的发展前景。
目前，颗粒增强铜基合金的制备方法主要分为外加强化相法和内部原位生成法，前者通常采用的第二相颗粒如碳化物、硼化物、氮化物、氧化物等直接与铜基合金粉末混合，通过粉末冶金的方法制备；后者通常将形成增强颗粒的合金元素与铜基合金粉末混合，使其在高温下发生复杂的冶金化学反应，原位形成增强相颗粒。但是，外加强化相在高温下会发生烧损，导致强化相优异性能丧失，极易诱导颗粒增强铜基合金开裂；原位合成法形成的增强相与铜基合金具有较好的润湿性能，但是形成增强相的体积、形态与分布无法调控。
铁基非晶合金作为一种新型结构和功能材料，不仅具有极高的强度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，而且还表现出优良的磁学性能，具有广泛的应用前景。但是，关于将铁基非晶合金作为增强相来提高铜基合金性能的研究未见文献报道，尤其是没有完全适用于激光选区熔化成形特点，能够成功用于制备大尺寸、结构复杂、无裂纹、高强高导、高耐磨与高耐蚀的铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末。
发明内容
在高效率条件下，采用激光选区熔化成形技术，实现大尺寸、结构复杂型颗粒增强铜基合金的快速制造。因此，本发明的目的是提供一种用于激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，该铜基复合粉末主要由铁基非晶粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7的质量比组成，铁基非晶粉末的化学成分为：W 8～10wt.％，Cr 4～6wt.％， Mo 1～3wt.％，Ni 1～3wt.％，Si 3～5wt.％，B 3～5wt.％，C 0.2～1wt.％， Mn 0.2～1.5wt.％，HfO2 0.8～1.5wt.％，余量为Fe；铜合金粉末的化学成分为：Cr 0.5～2wt.％，Zr 1～3wt.％，P 3～5wt.％，CeO2 0.2～1wt.％，余量为Cu。
本发明所述的铜基复合粉末通过以下工序制备：
(1)对于铁基非晶合金粉末的制备：真空电弧熔炼－雾化－筛选，形成粒度60～80μm的铁基非晶合金粉末；
(2)对于铜合金粉末的制备：真空高频感应熔炼－雾化－筛选，形成粒度60～80μm的铜合金粉末；
(3)将铁基非晶合金粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7的质量比放置于高能球磨机内，混合均匀，然后经过筛选－活化－干燥－化学镀镍－过滤－水洗－干燥－筛选，获得粒度为40～50μm用于激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末。
与现有技术生产的铜基复合粉末相比，本发明提供的一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末具有以下优点：
(1)铁基非晶合金粉末与铜合金粉末经高能球磨机混合，会发生相互扩散反应，然后进行化学镀镍处理，不仅可以有效保护铜合金元素在激光选区熔化成形过程不被氧化，而且可以保证铜基复合粉末的球形度，有利于其在激光选区熔化成形过程中的铺展。
(2)在激光选区熔化成形过程中，铁基非晶合金粉末与铜合金粉末完全熔化并发生冶金化学反应，由于Cu与Fe以及Cu与Cr为不混溶合金体系，因此它们之间会发生液相分离而自组装形成球状铁基非晶颗粒弥散分布于富铜基体内，形成铁基非晶增强铜基合金，该合金具有高强高导、高耐磨与高耐蚀等优异综合性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例中所用试剂如无特殊说明均可从市场常规购得。
本发明的一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，主要由铁基非晶粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7的质量比组成，其中铁基非晶粉末的化学成分为：W8.5wt.％，Cr 5.2wt.％，Mo 2.5wt.％，Ni 2.4wt.％，Si 3.5wt.％，B 4.5wt.％，C0.5wt.％，Mn 1.2 wt.％，HfO2 0.85wt.％，余量为Fe；铜合金粉末的化学成分为：Cr 1.5wt.％，Zr 1.2wt.％，P 4.2wt.％，CeO2 0.8wt.％，余量为Cu。
发明的制备工序为：首先，制备铁基非晶合金粉末：真空电弧熔炼－雾化－筛选，形成粒度60～80μm的铁基非晶合金粉末；其次，制备铜合金粉末：真空高频感应熔炼－雾化－筛选，形成粒度60～80 μm的铜合金粉末；最后，将铁基非晶合金粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7 的质量比放置于高能球磨机内，混合均匀，然后经过筛选－活化－干燥－化学镀镍－过滤－水洗－干燥－筛选，获得粒度为40～50μm的铜基复合粉末。
采用本发明的铜基复合粉末，使用激光选区熔化成形工艺参数为：激光功率为100-300W，光斑直径为80μm，激光扫描速度为500～5000 mm/s，分层切片厚度为80～100μm，连续两道之间的搭接率为50％，采用连续两层间激光扫描方向相互垂直的方式进行激光选区熔化成形，获得的铁基非晶增强铜基合金的主要性能指标为：耐磨性是黄铜的8～10倍，耐蚀性与黄铜相当，电导率为50～65％IACS，抗断裂强度为0.8～1.2GPa，延伸率为15～30％。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，其特征在于：铜基复合粉末主要由铁基非晶粉末与铜合金粉末按1:9～1:7的质量比组成，铁基非晶粉末的化学成分为：W 8～10wt.％，Cr 4～6wt.％，Mo 1～3wt.％，Ni 1～3wt.％，Si 3～5wt.％，B 3～5wt.％，C 0.2～1wt.％，Mn 0.2～1.5wt.％，HfO2 0.8～1.5wt.％，余量为Fe；铜合金粉末的化学成分为：Cr 0.5～2wt.％，Zr 1～3wt.％，P 3～5wt.％，CeO2 0.2～1wt.％，余量为Cu。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，其特征在于：铁基非晶粉末的化学成分为：W 8.5wt.％，Cr 5.2wt.％，Mo 2.5wt.％，Ni 2.4wt.％，Si 3.5wt.％，B 4.5wt.％，C 0.5wt.％，Mn 1.2wt.％，HfO2 0.85wt.％，余量为Fe；铜合金粉末的化学成分为：Cr 1.5wt.％，Zr 1.2wt.％，P 4.2wt.％，CeO20.8wt.％，余量为Cu。
3.根据权利要求书1所述的一种激光选区熔化成形铁基非晶增强铜基合金的铜基复合粉末，其特征在于：所述的铜基复合粉末的粒度为40～50μm。
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