CN112638134A - Heat radiation structure and machine controller of female arranging - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a heat dissipation structure of a bus, belongs to the technical field of heat dissipation structures of new energy automobiles, and solves the technical problem that the heat dissipation effect of the bus in the prior art is low. It includes the main casing of making with the coefficient of heat conductivity material, main heat source and cold source and main casing top surface installs female arranging and compresses tightly the subassembly in the main casing, wherein: the compressing assembly can compress the busbar to increase the contact area of the busbar and the main shell. The invention is used for completing the function of heat dissipation of the busbar and meets the requirement of high heat dissipation efficiency of the busbar of people.

Description

Heat radiation structure and machine controller of female arranging

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy automobile heat dissipation structures, and particularly relates to a heat dissipation structure of a busbar and a motor controller.

Background

The motor controller is a core subcomponent of a new energy automobile, can realize active control of a motor through various instructions from the electric automobile, converts direct current of a battery into alternating current to be used by the motor, and then the motor drives a tire to rotate to complete the whole process. The in-process of machine controller with direct current conversion to alternating current, the high frequency switch of inside power module itself can make it generate heat seriously, generally lies in the power module downside and has a radiating cold source, and the cold source such as water course can help its heat dissipation. The heat dissipation principle in the prior art is shown in fig. 1, which includes a controller 101, a power module 102, a heat sink 103, and other components 104, for example, an inner cavity of a motor controller shared with the power module 2, which contains capacitors and busbars.

The existing heat dissipation scheme of the motor controller is heat dissipation of a power module, heat dissipation of sub-components is less concerned (for example, a busbar or a capacitor), a water channel design is also designed based on heat dissipation of power conversion devices such as the power module or a MOSFET, and when a heat source is set through finite element simulation, heat source injection is only carried out on the power module or the MOSFET.

The defects of the prior art are as follows:

1. neglected the capacitor core when generating heat easy inefficacy, even explosion, and female generating heat condition when arranging too high voltage heavy current. When the busbar heats, the current carrier passing capacity is reduced, so that the current conduction capacity is reduced, and the heating condition is further aggravated;

2. if the surface of the busbar is provided with the plating layer, the plating layer can be gradually oxidized and blackened at 140 ℃, and the protection capability of the busbar is lost. The interior of the motor controller is often compact in structure, high temperature on the surface of the busbar can bake sub-parts which are not high in temperature resistance, such as circuit boards, injection molding pieces, wire harnesses and the like, inestimable consequences can be brought to failure of the sub-parts, and even life risks can be caused in severe cases.

3. A small part of schemes of the existing motor controller concern the busbar and the capacitor, for example, schemes that silicone grease is coated on the bottom of the capacitor, metal sheets are added, bosses, gaskets or fins are added on the side of the busbar, and the like are adopted.

The technical schemes are quite similar, and the heat of the sub-parts is brought to the metal shell of the motor controller through heat-conducting connecting materials (such as heat-conducting silicone grease, heat-conducting pads and the like), and then the heat is dissipated through the metal shell of the motor controller. The heat dissipation scheme of conduction plus natural convection can really achieve a certain heat dissipation effect, but neglects that the metal shell of the motor controller is located in the inner cavity of the new energy automobile, and for a pure electric automobile, the annular temperature of the inner cavity is mainly influenced by the motor, electric control, external environment and the like, is generally higher than room temperature by dozens of degrees and ranges from 50 ℃ to 85 ℃. For a hybrid vehicle, the environmental temperature is worse, the engine temperature is extremely high, and the environmental temperature even reaches 105 ℃ or above. In such high heat environments, even if heat is conducted to the main housing of the motor controller and then to the remaining low temperature region, the heat dissipation effect is not ideal.

Therefore, after the current heat dissipation scheme meets the heat dissipation requirement of the main heat source of the power module or the MOSFET, the heat dissipation requirement of the heating parts such as the busbar and the capacitor is hardly considered, and even the heat dissipation design is not performed on the heat dissipation scheme.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a heat dissipation structure of a busbar, which solves the technical problem of low heat dissipation efficiency of the busbar of the product in the prior art. The technical scheme of the scheme has a plurality of technical beneficial effects, which are described as follows:

the present case provides a heat radiation structure who arranges on one hand, includes the main casing body of making with high coefficient of thermal conductivity's material, main heat source and cold source have in the main casing body and female arranging and compressing tightly the subassembly are installed to main casing body top surface, wherein:

the pressing assembly can press the busbar in the vertical direction to increase the contact area of the busbar and the main shell.

Another aspect provides a motor controller, which is equipped with some or all of the above heat dissipation structures.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the present case compresses tightly the subassembly through the setting to can compress tightly female arranging, arrange the air in female and main casing body clearance by the row of removing, the main casing body is made by high coefficient of thermal conductivity's material, has a small amount of air between its clearance, because air coefficient of thermal conductivity is extremely low, is 0.023W/m K, can reduce the heat exchange efficiency between the two. Realize female arranging and through compressing tightly subassemblyThe conduction and forced convection heat dissipation of the main shell can utilize a cold source to carry out active heat dissipation, the traditional passive heat dissipation scheme of adding a heat conduction pad and fins is abandoned, the heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved, and the heat transfer coefficient of the natural convection passive heat dissipation of air is generally 5W/m²K, forced air cooling, and the heat exchange coefficient of active heat dissipation driven by the fan reaches dozens or even 100W/m²K, the difference of heat exchange efficiency magnitude can be brought by different heat exchange modes;

in addition, the heat dissipation design of the busbar and the capacitor is considered, the core of the capacitor in the motor controller can be prevented from being broken down and damaged when the capacitor is used at a high temperature, the overcurrent capacity of the busbar can be prevented from being reduced, the surface protection coating is oxidized and blackened, and then the effect of protecting the busbar is lost, peripheral parts (particularly some electronic parts which do not resist temperature, such as a PCB (printed circuit board) card) of the busbar and connecting pieces can be prevented from being damaged by the high temperature, and the whole electric drive system is caused to fail.

The motor controller provided by the scheme utilizes the existing active heat dissipation channel in the motor controller, does not need to increase bosses, fins and the like to occupy the internal installation space of the controller, reduces the overall volume and cost of the motor controller, reduces the valuable space in the automobile, and has great application value and significance.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a heat dissipation principle of a controller in the prior art;

fig. 2 is a heat dissipation schematic diagram of the busbar heat dissipation structure of the present invention; (ii) a

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a busbar heat dissipation structure compressing a busbar in a rotating manner according to the present invention;

fig. 4 is a perspective view of the busbar heat dissipation structure of the present invention; (ii) a

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of heat dissipation at points a and b of the busbar heat dissipation structure according to the present invention;

wherein:

1. a busbar; 2. a capacitor case; 21. a capacitor; 22. a lug; 3. a main heat source; 4. a rotating member; 5. a thermally conductive pad; 6. a main housing; 61. a first step; 62. a second step; 7. a cold source; 8. a negative housing; 9. a handle.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the appended claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the disclosure, one skilled in the art should appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. Additionally, such an apparatus may be implemented and/or such a method may be practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.

It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in practical implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in practical implementation can be changed freely, and the layout of the components can be more complicated.

In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided to facilitate a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that aspects may be practiced without these specific details. In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

The heat dissipation structure of the busbar 1 shown in fig. 1 includes a main housing 6 made of a material with high thermal conductivity, for example, made of a metal material or other materials with high thermal conductivity, a main heat source 3 and a cold source 7 are provided in the main housing 6, and the busbar 1 and a compressing component are mounted on the top surface of the main housing 6, the main heat source 3 is, for example, a chip, or a field effect transistor or a transistor and its components with main circuit control functions, and the main heat source in an actual motor controller is not necessarily a power module (3), but may also be a MOSFET or any power conversion device. The cold source 7 can be installed in the prior art, for example, in a fixed manner or in a detachable manner, and the cold source 7 in the prior art can be used as a heat dissipation component without improving the cold source 7 in the present case, which is not described herein again with respect to the cold source 7. The compressing assembly can compress the busbar 1 in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction to increase the contact area between the busbar 1 and the main housing 6, and it should be noted that the compressing assembly is compressed in the vertical direction by taking the mode direction of fig. 3 as reference, and is not a specific limitation to the compressing assembly for forced heat exchange provided by the present application.

Compress tightly the subassembly and compress tightly female arranging 1 back, the air that the clearance between female arranging 1 and the main casing body 6 exists is discharged, thereby increase female area of contact between 1 and the main casing body 6 of arranging, will arrange female 1 and tightly laminate on main casing body 6, also can fill or install high heat conduction insulating connecting material layer or pad before female arranging 1 and the main casing body 6, with high heat conduction insulating material in order to replace the air gap, (high heat conduction insulating material's thermal conductivity is far above the air), thereby improve heat conduction efficiency, under cold source 7's effect, can arrange 1 heat transfer to female, thereby reduce female 1's operating temperature who arranges.

The heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved by conducting and forcedly convecting heat dissipation between the busbar 1 and the main shell 6 through the arrangement of the pressing assembly, active heat dissipation can be performed by using the cold source 7, the traditional passive heat dissipation scheme of adding the heat conducting pad 5 and the fins is abandoned, the heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved, the heat transfer coefficient of the natural convection passive heat dissipation of air is generally 5W/m2K, forced air cooling is performed, the heat transfer coefficient of the active heat dissipation driven by a fan reaches dozens or even 100W/m2K, the difference of the heat transfer efficiency magnitude can be brought by different heat transfer modes, in addition, the heat dissipation design of the busbar 1 is considered, the core of the capacitor 21 in the motor controller can be prevented from being broken down and damaged when the capacitor is used at higher temperature, the overcurrent capacity of the busbar 1 can also be prevented from being reduced, the surface protection coating is oxidized and blackened, the effect of protecting the busbar 1 is further lost, and, resulting in failure of the entire electric drive system.

As some examples provided in this case, the compressing assembly compresses the busbar 1 in a rotating manner, or compresses the busbar 1 in a rotating manner, and the following is explained for the rotating and rotating manner, as follows:

the busbar 1 is pressed in a rotating way

The compressing assembly comprises an auxiliary shell and a rotating part 4 which is rotatably arranged on the auxiliary shell, the auxiliary shell crosses over the busbar 1 and is connected with the main shell 6, for example, the auxiliary shell is connected in a welding or bolt mode, external force drives the rotating part 4 to rotate so as to compress the busbar 1, for example, as shown in figure 3, the rotating part 4 is a bolt, the bolt can freely penetrate through the auxiliary shell, one end of the bolt is contacted with the busbar 1, the other end of the bolt extends out of the auxiliary shell and is provided with an extending section, after the external force acts on the extending section, the bolt rotates and is driven in the vertical direction so as to compress the busbar 1, and air in a gap between the busbar 1 and the main shell 6 is exhausted;

the rotating mode is as follows:

as shown in fig. 4, one end of the rotating member 4 is provided with a rotating handle 9 through gear transmission, and the rotating handle 9 rotates to drive the rotating member 4 to move in the vertical direction, so as to compress the busbar 1.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, a further modification may be made, for example, one end of the rotating element 4 contacting the busbar 1 is arranged in a tower-shaped or cone-shaped structure to increase the contact area with the busbar 1, thereby increasing the pressing force and avoiding air infiltration.

As some examples that the present scheme provided, as the third implementation way that the present scheme provided, compress tightly the subassembly and include the auxiliary casing and install the spring bolt on the auxiliary casing, the spring bolt adopts prior art's product can, the clearance between female arranging 1 and the main casing 6 can be adjusted in the switching on or off of spring bolt, after pressing the bolt, female arranging 1 is compressed tightly to the bolt, when need not dispel the heat, press the switch of spring bolt, the bolt withdraws, female arranging 1's compaction is relieved.

In some or all of the embodiments provided above, the compressing assembly further includes a heat conducting pad 5 made of a flexible heat conducting material, for example, made of soft silica gel filled with metal particles, and the heat conducting pad 5 is disposed between the busbar 1 and the main housing 6, so as to increase the heat exchange efficiency of the busbar 1 and the main housing 6.

As some embodiments provided in the present disclosure, the capacitors 21 are dissipated, for example, the main housing 6 is provided with a step structure, and includes a first step 61 and a second step 62, the busbar 1 is installed on the first step 61, the capacitor housing 2 is installed on the second step 62, the plurality of capacitors 21 are installed on the inner bottom surface of the capacitor housing 2, and the lugs 22 are installed on the side surfaces of the capacitors 21, the lugs 22 are installed with pressure structural members, the pressure structural members, for example, bolts, can compress the capacitor housing 2, and the air between the capacitor housing 2 and the second step 62 is exhausted, and the principle of the method and the busbar 1 compress the assembly, so as to increase the contact area between the capacitor housing 2.

The insulating heat conduction pad 5 is located the downside of female arranging 1 and film capacitor 21, is in the state of compressing tightly, and the design compressibility is 30%, and thickness is 1.5mm, and thickness is 1.05mm after the compression. Unilateral gum, 5 gum sides of insulating heat conduction pad are located and are close to main casing body 6 side, and one side is wear-resisting material in addition, prevents that insulating properties is not enough after insulating heat conduction pad 5 is cut, and then leads to the device to become invalid. Main casing body 6 is metal aluminum product, and the low price heat conductivility is better, can conduct the coolant liquid with heat high efficiency in, generally for machine controller's cavity, can enough install each subcomponent of fixed protection, simultaneously through the change of thickness shape, can also promote the radiating efficiency. The cooling liquid is a medium for forcing water cooling, and realizes heat exchange with the outside through the water inlet and the water outlet on the main shell 6.

The thermal pad 5, as described above, may also be mounted in this embodiment, with a shape or size that is compatible with the main housing 6.

As some embodiments provided in this disclosure, the second step 62 is provided with a heat-conducting silicone layer to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the capacitor case 2 and the second step 62, or the second step 62 is provided with a heat-conducting pad 5.

Another aspect provides a motor controller having some or all of the above heat dissipation structures mounted thereon. The existing active heat dissipation channel in the motor controller is utilized, bosses, fins and the like do not need to be added to occupy the installation space in the controller, the whole volume and the cost of the motor controller are reduced, the valuable space in the automobile is reduced, and the motor controller has great application value and significance.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of finite element simulation model temperature point sampling with natural convection cooling with cooling medium removed through one set of models and forced convection cooling with heat dissipation through the cooling medium for one set of models. The temperature differences obtained after finite element simulation are shown in table 1 below: it can be seen that the heat dissipation capabilities brought by two different heat dissipation types are completely inconsistent, the heat dissipation effect improved by using the main heat dissipation channel to perform forced convection heat dissipation is remarkable, and the traditional heat dissipation effect is far lower than that of the heat dissipation method.

Watch 1

The products provided by the present invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the invention without departing from the inventive concept, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a female heat radiation structure who arranges which characterized in that includes the main casing body of making with the coefficient of heat conductivity material, there are main heat source and cold source in the main casing and female arranging and compress tightly the subassembly are installed to main casing body top surface, wherein:

the compressing assembly can compress the busbar to increase the contact area of the busbar and the main shell.

2. The heat dissipation structure of claim 1, wherein the compressing assembly compresses the busbar in a rotating manner or compresses the busbar in a rotating manner.

3. The heat dissipating structure of claim 2, wherein the hold-down assembly comprises a secondary housing and a rotating member rotatably mounted on the secondary housing, the secondary housing spanning the busbar and being connected to the primary housing, wherein:

the rotating piece is rotated to compress the busbar.

4. The heat dissipation structure of claim 3, wherein the contact ends of the rotating member and the busbar are arranged in a tower-shaped structure to increase the contact area with the busbar.

5. The heat dissipating structure of claim 1, wherein the hold-down assembly comprises a secondary housing and a spring latch mounted on the secondary housing, wherein the opening or closing of the spring latch adjusts a gap between the busbar and the primary housing.

6. The heat dissipation structure of claim 1, wherein the compression assembly further comprises a thermal pad made of a flexible thermal conductive material, the thermal pad being disposed between the busbar and the main housing to increase heat exchange efficiency between the busbar and the main housing.

7. The heat dissipation structure of claim 1, wherein the main housing is provided in a step structure, and includes a first step and a second step, the busbar is mounted on the first step, the second step is mounted with a capacitor housing, a plurality of capacitors are mounted on an inner bottom surface of the capacitor housing, and a lug is mounted on a side surface of the capacitor housing, the lug is mounted with a pressure structure, and the pressure structure can press the capacitor housing to increase a contact area between the capacitor housing and the second step.

8. The heat dissipating structure of claim 7, wherein the second step is provided with a thermal grease layer to improve heat exchange efficiency between the capacitor casing and the second step.

9. The heat dissipating structure of claim 7, wherein the second step is provided with a thermal pad.

10. A motor controller characterized in that the heat dissipation structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is mounted.

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