CN112636394A - Self-synchronization control method for double-fed wind generating set - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-synchronization control method of a double-fed wind generating set, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a wind turbine, an induction generator, a rotor side converter, a grid side converter and the like, wherein the wind turbine control system comprises an aerodynamic model, MPPT control, electromagnetic torque control, pitch angle and pitch angle compensation control, speed control and a mechanical shafting control unit. The system realizes self-synchronization control through the rotor-side converter control unit, comprises power synchronization control, reactive power control, damping control and virtual resistance control links, can actively support voltage regulation and frequency modulation of a power grid by modeling on a direct-current voltage time scale, analyzes the problem of subsynchronous oscillation of the system, and improves the stability of the power grid system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of generator control, and relates to a self-synchronization control method of a double-fed wind generating set.
Background
In recent years, the new energy power generation in China is in a continuous and rapid growth trend, and as of 2019, the global accumulated wind power installed capacity reaches 650GW, and the Chinese onshore and offshore wind power accumulated installed capacity accounts for 37% and 23% respectively. However, characteristics such as randomness, volatility and intermittence have influences on aspects such as grid-connected consumption, grid voltage and frequency stability and power quality. Especially, with the continuous improvement of the power generation permeability level of new energy, the proportion of the traditional synchronous generator is reduced, sufficient inertia and damping are difficult to provide, and the problems of small disturbance stability and the like of the system become more prominent. How to enable the fan to have inertia, damping and synchronous characteristics similar to those of a synchronous generator, actively participate in power grid voltage and frequency adjustment, and provide synchronous support for a system becomes one of the problems to be solved urgently at present.
The method is characterized in that active power and reactive power are controlled to output amplitude information and phase information correspondingly through d-axis directional control and q-axis directional control terminal voltages respectively, the active power and the reactive power are in a mutual coupling state, the active power and the reactive power can only operate in a grid-connected system, and the capacity of independently establishing a power grid by connecting a plurality of machines in parallel is not provided. Meanwhile, as the phase-locked loop has a fast dynamic response characteristic, when power is unbalanced, the phase-locked loop can rapidly drive the internal potential phase to change, so that the kinetic energy stored on the rotor cannot be used for supporting the power grid. Particularly, with the increase of the power generation proportion of new energy and the development of the trend of large-scale long-distance wind power delivery, the problem of system oscillation becomes more prominent, and the possibility of inducing sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) is gradually increased.
The Self-synchronization Control (Self-synchronization Control) mode refers to a synchronization mode which does not depend on the state of a power grid and drives the Self-generating fan by unbalanced power and the amplitude/phase of the electric potential in the power grid. The self-synchronization control mode can directly simulate the potential phase motion, inertia and damping characteristics in the synchronous generator, so that the grid-connected inverter is close to the traditional synchronous generator in terms of the operation mechanism and external characteristics. Compared with a phase-locked synchronous vector control mode, the self-synchronizing mode adopts a simpler and direct mathematical relation between power change and internal potential, so that the fan shows inherent inertia and damping characteristics to a power grid, dynamic support is provided for the power grid operation, the phenomena of system frequency fluctuation, oscillation and the like are improved, and the system frequency and dynamic stability are improved.
The self-synchronization control method based on the double-fed wind generating set is considered to be a method capable of effectively improving the stability of system frequency, small interference and the like, has the capability of automatically establishing a power grid by multi-machine grid connection, and can run in both grid-connected and off-grid systems.
Disclosure of Invention
In short, aiming at the defects of the prior art, a self-synchronization control method of a double-fed wind generating set is provided.
According to the self-synchronization control method of the double-fed wind generating set, the system comprises the following steps: wind turbine, induction generator, rotor-side converter (RSC) and grid-side converter (GSC), wherein: wind energy is converted into kinetic energy by a wind turbine and is transmitted to an induction generator through a mechanical shaft system to realize the conversion of electric energy, a stator of the induction generator is directly connected with a power grid, and a rotor of the induction generator is connected with a rotor side converter and a grid side converter.
According to the self-synchronization control method of the double-fed wind generating set, the wind turbine control system comprises the following steps: the system comprises modules such as an aerodynamic model, MPPT control, electromagnetic torque control, pitch angle and pitch angle compensation control, speed control and the like, and a mechanical shafting model. Furthermore, the active power reference value is generated by the control of the wind turbine, and the system is called a prime mover system of the traditional synchronous machine.
The mechanical system comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gearbox, a high-speed shaft, a generator rotor and the like, and a shaft system can be divided into a plurality of mass blocks. In order to simplify analysis and modeling, a mechanical shafting part of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator is simulated by adopting two mass block models. The inherent resonant frequency of a mechanical shafting of the megawatt double-fed wind turbine generator is generally 1-2 Hz and is far less than the subsynchronous oscillation frequency of the system, so that subsynchronous oscillation in the wind power grid-connected system is irrelevant to the mechanical shafting.
According to the self-synchronous control method of the double-fed wind generating set, the rotor side converter of the double-fed wind generating set adopts a self-synchronous control method for realizing independent control of the output current vector amplitude and frequency, and the system comprises power synchronous control, reactive power control, damping control and virtual resistance current limiting control links. The frequency/phase of the output current is adjusted by the unbalanced active power through a virtual direct-current voltage dynamic equation so as to adjust the frequency/phase of the internal current, and the amplitude of the output current is adjusted by the unbalanced reactive power or the terminal voltage through a PI controller so as to adjust the amplitude of the internal current. Wherein:
and the power synchronous control link simulates a rotor motion equation of the synchronous machine, linear derivation is carried out on the direct-current voltage controller, and the double-fed fan is ensured to realize synchronous operation with the power grid independent of the state of the power grid, namely self-synchronous operation is realized. In the modeling process of researching the subsynchronous oscillation problem, the accuracy of the external characteristics of the converter is reflected on the time scale of the direct current voltage, and the internal potential and the internal current amplitude/phase control mode have no great difference. If the network line dynamic is considered, the internal current vector mode is simpler in analysis. When the electromagnetic power actually output by the double-fed fan is unbalanced with the power instruction generated by the control of the front wind turbine, the internal current phase is adjusted through a virtual direct-current voltage control link, then the difference between the internal current frequency and the rotor frequency is obtained to obtain the frequency of the output current, and the frequency is integrated to obtain the phase of the output current.
The principle that the reactive power control and a synchronous machine excitation system maintain the voltage stability of the generator end by adjusting the excitation voltage is similar to the principle that the reactive power control and the synchronous machine excitation system maintain the voltage stability of the generator end by adjusting the excitation voltage, and the reactive power control of the self-synchronous control double-fed fan can be maintained by adjusting the amplitude of the internal current. When the output current deviates from the current reference value, the amplitude of the output current is adjusted by the controller to maintain the stable state. In addition, the doubly-fed wind turbine adopting self-synchronous control has strong electromechanical coupling characteristics, can actively respond to the disturbance of a system, and can have the same oscillation problem as a synchronous machine, but the wind turbine does not have a damping winding, and the damping action of the stator side winding and the rotor side winding is weak, so that an additional damping control link is introduced to inhibit the oscillation phenomenon.
According to the self-synchronization control method of the double-fed wind generating set, the grid-side converter of the double-fed wind generating set adopts a traditional voltage outer ring current inner ring control mode, and is mainly used for maintaining the voltage of a direct current bus constant and controlling an input power factor.
Compared with the prior art, the self-synchronizing control method based on the double-fed wind generating set has the following advantages:
according to the invention, by setting the self-synchronization control strategy of the converter at the rotor side of the wind driven generator, the converter is closer to a synchronous machine in external characteristics, the inertia of the traditional motor is similar, and the system frequency and voltage stability can be quickly recovered after disturbance. A self-synchronization control strategy is designed on the level of the converter, so that the loss of the maximum power which can be captured is avoided, meanwhile, the structure is not complicated, and the calculation is simpler and more convenient.
By modeling and analyzing the self-synchronization control of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator on the time scale of the direct-current voltage, the feasibility of the self-synchronization strategy applied to the grid connection of the wind power plant can be verified, the severity of the problem that the system generates subsynchronous oscillation is further relieved, and the stability of a power grid is effectively improved.
Considering that the traditional virtual synchronous control based on the phase-locked loop does not completely solve the situation of internal potential/internal current amplitude/phase decoupling, and considering the economic comparison involved by adopting energy storage equipment, the research of the self-synchronous control strategy is one of feasible methods.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a doubly-fed wind turbine generator set according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator set according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of wind turbine control and rotor side converter self-synchronizing control in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of power synchronization control of the rotor-side converter according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of reactive power control of the rotor-side converter of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a control block diagram of the grid-side converter of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a self-synchronization control modeling flow chart of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator set.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a doubly-fed wind turbine, and a system includes a wind turbine, a gear box, an induction generator, a transformer, a rotor side converter, a grid side converter and the like. The self-synchronization control strategy based on the double-fed wind turbine generator set focuses on wind turbine control and control of a rotor side converter and a grid side converter, and the self-synchronization control is applied to control of the rotor side converter. And establishing a self-synchronization control system model of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator with the direct-current voltage time scale, so as to analyze and research the subsynchronous oscillation of the system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a self-synchronization control method of a doubly-fed wind turbine generator, and the self-synchronization control method includes a wind turbine control module 1, a rotor-side converter control 2, a grid-side converter control 3, a power synchronization control 4, a reactive power control 5, a damping control 6, and a virtual resistance module 7. The wind turbine controls and outputs an active power reference value which is used as the input of a power synchronization control link 4 in the rotor side converter 2 and participates in self-synchronization control. And phase information is output after power synchronous control, amplitude information is output after reactive power control, and the phase information is accessed to a grid-side converter control module through a virtual resistance link after vector synthesis.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of self-synchronization control of a wind turbine control and rotor-side converter, including a pneumatic power model 8, an electromagnetic torque control 9, an MPPT control 10, a mechanical shafting 11, a pitch angle control 12, a pitch angle compensation control 13, a speed control 14, a power synchronization control 4, and a reactive power control 5. According to the aerodynamic theory, the input power of the fan is influenced by factors such as wind speed, pitch angle, fan blade angular speed and the like, and the output electromagnetic power is adjusted by each control link shown in the figure, and then is accessed to the power synchronization control of the rotor side converter by outputting a power reference value by the speed control link.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the detailed components of the specific control links of the wind turbine control 1, the rotor-side converter control 2 and the grid-side converter control 3 are shown in the figure, and the components jointly form a topology structure of the grid-connected system of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator shown in fig. 1. The self-synchronization control steps of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator and the selection of the control equation of the main link of the system are given below.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of modeling analysis of the self-synchronization control system of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator, which is obtained by sorting, and the modeling control method includes the steps of: establishing a generator steady-state and dynamic model of a traditional double-fed wind turbine generator; establishing a double-fed wind turbine and a mechanical shafting model; establishing a power electronic converter model, namely a rotor side converter model and a grid side converter model; integrating a linear model of a combined system of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator and the synchronous machine; the network coupling relation between input/output of equipment is accurately reformed, an acting path between the equipment is deduced to obtain self-stability and stability-causing damping coefficients, and the stability of subsynchronous frequency band oscillation is analyzed.
In fig. 7, the establishment of the conventional model, the wind turbine and the mechanical shafting model of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator includes: and establishing a stator and rotor magnetic chain equation, a stator and rotor voltage equation, an electromagnetic torque equation and a mechanical motion equation of the self-synchronizing generator. Calculating by adopting a rotating speed optimization algorithm according to the real-time wind speed to obtain a rotating speed optimization result, and calculating pitch angle and compensation control according to a pitch angle instruction to obtain a pitch angle optimization result and feeding the pitch angle optimization result back to the input end; and outputting the power reference value after the pneumatic power outputs the electromagnetic power through links of electromagnetic torque, MPPT control, a mechanical shafting motion equation and speed control. Wherein:
mechanical power P output by wind turbinetComprises the following steps:
in the formula: ρ is the air density; ar is the sectional area of the impeller; v. ofwIs the wind speed, Cp(λ, β) may generally be expressed as a function of the fan pitch angle β and the tip speed ratio λ.
The mechanical shafting can adopt two mass block models,
in the formula: omegat、ωr、ω1Respectively the rotating angular velocity of the wind turbine and the generatorRotor angular velocity, system synchronous angular velocity; t ist、TemRespectively is the mechanical torque of a wind turbine and the electromagnetic torque of a generator; ht、HgInertia time constants of the wind turbine and the generator are respectively; dt、DgDamping coefficients of a wind turbine and a generator are respectively set; thetasIs the relative angular displacement between the two masses.
Under a synchronous rotating coordinate system, the flux linkage equation of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator is as follows:
wherein: l issEquivalent self-inductance of the stator; l isrIs equivalent self-inductance of the rotor.
The voltage equation of the stator and the rotor of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator set is as follows:
in fig. 7, a power electronic converter model, i.e., a rotor-side converter model and a grid-side converter model, is established, the rotor-side converter control includes active power control, reactive power control, damping control and virtual resistance control, and a specific link control block diagram is shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6. Wherein:
fig. 4 is a power synchronization control block diagram of a rotor-side converter, wherein an active power control simulates a mechanical motion equation of a synchronous machine, the converter motion equation is established in a direct-current voltage time scale, when the electromagnetic power Pe actually output by a doubly-fed wind turbine is unbalanced with a power command Pref generated by a front wind turbine, the frequency ω s of an internal current is adjusted through a virtual direct-current voltage control link, and then the frequency obtained by subtracting the frequency ω s of the internal current from the frequency ω r of a rotor is integrated to obtain the phase of an output current.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of reactive power control of the rotor-side converter, and the stability of the reactive power is also maintained by adjusting the amplitude of the excitation voltage and thus the amplitude of the internal current.
FIG. 6 is a net side viewThe converter control block diagram adopts the traditional control mode of a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring. Wherein: kp1、Ki1The proportion and integral coefficient of the outer ring of the direct current bus voltage are shown; kp2、Ki2The ratio and the integral coefficient of the current inner ring of the grid-side converter are shown. By adjusting idgAnd iqgThe active power and the reactive power generated by the grid-side converter can be controlled, and the active power generated by the grid-side converter and the active power generated by the stator side are added to form the active power transmitted to the power grid by the double-fed wind turbine generator.
Claims (9)
1. A self-synchronization control method of a double-fed wind generating set is characterized in that a self-synchronization control strategy is provided, so that a converter is closer to a synchronous machine in external characteristics, the inertia of a traditional motor is similar, and the system frequency and voltage stability can be quickly recovered after disturbance; by modeling and analyzing the self-synchronization control of the doubly-fed wind turbine generator on the time scale of the direct-current voltage, the feasibility of the self-synchronization strategy applied to the grid connection of the wind power plant can be verified, the severity of the problem that the system generates subsynchronous oscillation is further relieved, and the stability of a power grid is effectively improved.
2. The self-synchronizing control method of the doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 1, wherein a system comprising a wind turbine, an induction generator, a rotor side converter and a grid side converter is provided, wherein wind energy is converted into kinetic energy by the wind turbine and is transmitted to the induction generator through a mechanical shafting of the induction generator to realize conversion of electric energy, a stator of the induction generator is directly connected with a power grid, and a rotor of the induction generator is connected with the rotor side converter and the grid side converter.
3. The self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises a wind turbine control system, namely an aerodynamic model, an MPPT control module, an electromagnetic torque control module, a pitch angle and pitch angle compensation control module, a speed control module and a mechanical shafting model; the mechanical system comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gearbox, a high-speed shaft, a generator rotor and the like, a shaft system can be divided into a plurality of mass blocks, and in order to simplify analysis and modeling, a double-mass block model is adopted to simulate the mechanical shaft system part of the double-fed wind turbine generator.
4. The self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind generating set according to claim 3, wherein the model of the wind turbine and the mechanical shafting comprises a stator and rotor magnetic linkage equation, a stator and rotor voltage equation, an electromagnetic torque equation and a mechanical motion equation which are used for establishing the self-synchronizing generator; calculating by adopting a rotating speed optimization algorithm according to the real-time wind speed to obtain a rotating speed optimization result, and calculating pitch angle and compensation control according to a pitch angle instruction to obtain a pitch angle optimization result and feeding the pitch angle optimization result back to the input end; and outputting the power reference value after the pneumatic power outputs the electromagnetic power through links of electromagnetic torque, MPPT control, a mechanical shafting motion equation and speed control.
5. The self-synchronizing control method of the doubly-fed wind generating set according to claim 1, characterized in that a rotor side converter of the doubly-fed wind generating set is controlled by a self-synchronizing control method, and the system comprises power synchronizing control, reactive power control, damping control and virtual resistance current limiting control links, wherein the frequency/phase of output current is adjusted by unbalanced active power through a virtual direct current voltage dynamic equation, so that the adjustment of the frequency/phase of the internal current is realized, and the amplitude of the output current is adjusted by unbalanced reactive power or terminal voltage through a PI controller, so that the adjustment of the amplitude of the internal current is realized.
6. The self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind generating set according to claim 5, characterized in that the power synchronization control link simulates a rotor motion equation of a synchronous machine, linear derivation is carried out on a direct-current voltage controller, and synchronous operation of the doubly-fed wind generating set and a power grid is guaranteed to be independent of a power grid state, namely, the self-synchronization operation is realized; when the electromagnetic power actually output by the double-fed fan is unbalanced with the power instruction generated by the control of the front wind turbine, the internal current phase is adjusted through a virtual direct-current voltage control link, then the difference between the internal current frequency and the rotor frequency is obtained to obtain the frequency of the output current, and the frequency is integrated to obtain the phase of the output current.
7. The self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein reactive power control is similar to the principle that a synchronous machine excitation system maintains voltage stability of a generator terminal by adjusting the magnitude of excitation voltage, and the self-synchronization control of reactive power of the doubly-fed wind generating set can be maintained by adjusting the magnitude of internal current; the double-fed fan adopting self-synchronous control has strong electromechanical coupling characteristics, can actively respond to the disturbance of a system, can have the same oscillation problem as a synchronous machine, but the fan does not have a damping winding, and the damping action of the windings at the stator side and the rotor side is weak, so that an additional damping control link is introduced to inhibit the oscillation phenomenon.
8. The self-synchronization control method of the doubly-fed wind generating set according to claim 1, wherein the grid-side converter of the doubly-fed wind generating set is controlled by a traditional voltage outer loop current inner loop control mode, and is mainly used for maintaining the voltage of a direct current bus constant and controlling an input power factor.
9. The self-synchronous control method of the doubly-fed wind generator set according to claim 1, wherein the modeling analysis step of the self-synchronous control system of the doubly-fed wind generator set comprises the steps of establishing a generator model of a traditional doubly-fed wind generator set; establishing a double-fed wind turbine and a mechanical shafting model; establishing a power electronic converter model, namely a rotor side converter model and a grid side converter model; integrating a double-fed wind turbine generator and a synchronous machine system linearization model; and accurately reforming the network coupling relation between input and output of equipment, deducing an acting path between the equipment to obtain a stability-causing damping coefficient, and analyzing the stability of subsynchronous oscillation.
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CN113315179A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-08-27 | 华北电力大学(保定) | VSG virtual inertia and damping cooperative adaptive control system and method |
CN114421490A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-29 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method for constructing rapid simulation model for wind power participating in power grid frequency support |
CN114977270A (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2022-08-30 | 上海交通大学 | Self-synchronizing voltage source full-power conversion wind turbine generator control system |
CN115102241A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-09-23 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Control method and device for network-building type double-fed fan and computer readable storage medium |
CN116842770A (en) * | 2023-09-01 | 2023-10-03 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Method, device and system for quantifying direct-current side dynamic interaction between grid-connected converters |
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