CN112636000B - Ultra-composite material with infrared low emission - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
- G02B1/007—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials made of negative effective refractive index materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-composite material with low infrared emission, which comprises a dielectric layer and a polarization rotation functional layer attached to one surface of the dielectric layer, wherein the polarization rotation functional layer comprises a plurality of square blocks and large, small isosceles triangular blocks, wherein one square block and four isosceles triangular blocks with two large, two small, two large and two small form a structural unit, and a plurality of structural units are arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer in a matrix manner; the square blocks, the large isosceles triangle blocks, the small isosceles triangle blocks and the orthographic projections of the matrix arrangement on the surface of the medium layer respectively form a first rectangle, a large isosceles triangle, a small isosceles triangle and a second rectangle, and the included angle between the longitudinal central line of the first rectangle and any side of the second rectangle is 45 degrees; in the structural unit, a first rectangle and four isosceles triangles are enclosed to form a certain square. The invention can realize the purpose of hiding the detection radar system in both a microwave frequency band and an infrared frequency band only by designing the polarization rotation functional layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of functional composite materials, in particular to a super composite material with low infrared emission.
Background
The aircraft engine is the heart of an aircraft, with the development of fourth and fifth generation aviation power systems, the thrust-weight ratio of the engine is further increased, the temperature of a turbine of the engine is greatly increased, and a high-temperature part (>700 ℃) of an engine spray pipe generates strong cavity scattering on radar waves, so that the engine spray pipe becomes the most main radar scattering source behind the aircraft, and the high-temperature stealth capability of the aircraft is seriously weakened. The main approach of the high-temperature stealth technology disclosed and reported in the prior art is to coat wave-absorbing materials on high-temperature parts such as a tail nozzle of an airplane, a head cap of a cruise missile, a front edge of a missile wing and the like so as to achieve the purpose of absorbing electromagnetic waves and stealth. However, the coating layer has a large thickness (>1mm) on the structure, is easy to crack or peel, increases the self weight of the system, and is difficult to functionally meet the stealth requirement of a wide-angle broadband.
Metamaterials (metamaterials) are composite structures or materials that are composed of sub-wavelength artificially designed structural units and exhibit extraordinary physical properties, such as electromagnetic, optical, acoustic, mechanical, and the like, that are not possessed by the natural world. Novel physical characteristics such as negative refraction effect, polarization mode conversion, abnormal reflection/refraction effect, surface electromagnetic wave coupling and decoupling, flat plate focusing and the like can be realized. The Chinese invention patent No. CN106427115B discloses a high-temperature resistant radar infrared compatible stealth material based on a double-layer metamaterial and a preparation method thereof, wherein the metamaterial design and the composite material preparation are combined to develop the high-temperature resistant stealth material with the temperature of 1000 ℃, but the related design method is complex and the control of multilayer process parameters is strict.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the ultra-composite material with low infrared emission, which can not only realize the aim of hiding a detection radar system in a microwave frequency band and an infrared frequency band, but also greatly reduce the thickness of a high-temperature hiding coating, and has simple structure and preparation process and easy realization.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a super composite material with infrared low emission comprises a dielectric layer and a polarization rotation function layer attached to one surface of the dielectric layer, wherein the polarization rotation function layer comprises a plurality of square blocks, a plurality of large isosceles triangular blocks and a plurality of small isosceles triangular blocks, the square blocks, the large isosceles triangular blocks and the small isosceles triangular blocks are all made of conductive materials, one square block, two large isosceles triangular blocks and two small isosceles triangular blocks form a structural unit, the structural units are arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer in a matrix of M rows and N columns, and M and N are both more than or equal to 1; the orthographic projection of the square blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a first rectangle, the orthographic projection of the large isosceles triangular blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a large isosceles triangle, the orthographic projection of the small isosceles triangular blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a small isosceles triangle, the orthographic projection of the matrix arrangement on the surface of the medium layer forms a second rectangle, and the included angle between the longitudinal center line of the first rectangle and any side of the second rectangle is 45 degrees;
in the orthographic projection of the structural unit on the surface of the dielectric layer, two large isosceles right triangles are arranged in an axisymmetric mode about the longitudinal center line of a first rectangle, two small isosceles right triangles are arranged in an axisymmetric mode about the transverse center line of the first rectangle, the hypotenuse of the large isosceles right triangle is parallel to the long side of the first rectangle, the hypotenuse of the small isosceles right triangle is parallel to the short side of the first rectangle, the right angles of the four isosceles right triangles form four top angles of a certain square, and the first rectangle is located in a space formed by enclosing the square.
The metamaterial conductive functional layer is designed by the structural design, and practices show that the metamaterial conductive functional layer can not only realize that the polarization direction of reflected electromagnetic waves in a working frequency band of 5.1GHz-7.74GHz rotates, namely horizontal polarization (vertical polarization) is changed into vertical polarization (horizontal polarization), so that the polarization mode of the reflected electromagnetic waves is mismatched with that of the other detection electromagnetic waves, and the reflected electromagnetic waves cannot be received even if returning along the original path, thereby achieving the purpose of hiding the detection radar system in the microwave frequency band. In addition, the low emission requirement in the infrared frequency band can be considered, so that the aim of hiding the detection radar system in the infrared frequency band is fulfilled.
Preferably, the orthographic projection area of the polarization rotation functional layer on the surface of the dielectric layer accounts for more than 80% of the area of the dielectric layer, so as to fully meet the low emission requirement of the polarization rotation functional layer in an infrared frequency band.
Preferably, the length of the first rectangle is 4mm-7mm, and the width of the first rectangle is 0.6-1 mm; the right-angle side of the large isosceles triangle is 4.5mm-5.5 mm; the right-angle side of the small isosceles triangle is 0.5mm-1mm, and the side length of the square is 5mm-7 mm.
The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission preferably has the thickness of the polarization rotation functional layer less than 20 μm.
The conductive material has a conductivity of more than 105S/m, more preferably, the conductive material is a high temperature metallic material or a high temperature ceramic material.
Preferably, the high-temperature metal material comprises a noble metal, a high-temperature titanium alloy or a high-entropy alloy; the high temperature ceramic material comprises a carbide of a refractory metal, a nitride of a refractory metal, or a boride of a refractory metal.
Preferably, the thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5mm-2 mm.
Preferably, the material of the dielectric layer comprises quartz and composite materials, alumina ceramics and composite materials, kaolin ceramics and composite materials, cordierite ceramics and composite materials, boron nitride ceramics and composite materials, and silicon nitride ceramics and composite materials.
Preferably, the other surface of the dielectric layer is attached with a high temperature resistant metal back plate layer.
Preferably, the material of the high-temperature-resistant metal back plate layer comprises a high-temperature nickel-based or titanium-based alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention can realize the polarization rotation characteristic in the microwave frequency band and the low emission characteristic in the infrared frequency band only by designing the metamaterial conductive function layer, thereby not only achieving the aim of hiding the detection radar system in the microwave frequency band and the infrared frequency band, but also greatly reducing the thickness of the high-temperature hiding coating, having simple structure and preparation process, being easy to realize and having important application prospect in the field of high-temperature hiding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface conductive functional layer in a high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a simulation plot of a high temperature super-composite with low infrared emission in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a pictorial view of a high temperature nanocomposite with low infrared emission made in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of IR emissivity measurements of high temperature nanocomposites with low IR emission prepared with embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to specific preferred embodiments, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example (b):
the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be understood that the periodic arrangement of the sub-wavelength structural units on the two-dimensional plane is a branch of the research and development of the metamaterial. By adjusting the structure of the constituent unit, the characteristics of the transmission direction, polarization mode, transmission mode, phase and the like of the reflected or transmitted electromagnetic wave can be adjusted and controlled. Has important application prospect in the fields of stealth new technology, microwave optical devices, antenna systems and the like. Once developed, hypersurfaces are rapidly becoming a hotspot and predecessor for academic research. The metamaterial surface related to the polarization mode is also called as a polarization rotating super surface, and the superstructure polarization rotating functional layer used by the invention is the polarization rotating super surface
For ease of understanding and explanation, a high temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission provided by an embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 5. Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structural diagram of a high-temperature metamaterial with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, a high-temperature metamaterial with low infrared emission may include:
the polarization rotation metamaterial conductive function layer comprises a polarization rotation metamaterial conductive function layer 100, a high-temperature resistant dielectric layer 200 and a high-temperature resistant metal back plate 300.
Specifically, according to the high-temperature metamaterial with low infrared emission provided by the embodiment of the present invention, firstly, a high-temperature-resistant dielectric substrate 200 may be provided, and then a polarization rotation conductive functional layer 100 is brushed on one side surface of the high-temperature-resistant dielectric substrate, that is, the conductive structure functional layer 100 with infrared emission and polarization rotation characteristics is attached to one side surface of the high-temperature-resistant dielectric substrate 200.
As shown in fig. 2, the polarization rotation conductive function layer 100 includes a plurality of square blocks 100a, a plurality of large isosceles triangular blocks 100b and a plurality of small isosceles triangular blocks 100c, the square blocks 100a, the large isosceles triangular blocks 100b and the small isosceles triangular blocks 100c are all made of conductive materials, an orthographic projection of the square blocks 100a on the surface of the high temperature medium substrate 200 forms a first rectangle, an orthographic projection of the large isosceles triangular blocks 100b on the surface of the high temperature medium substrate 200 forms a large isosceles triangle, and an orthographic projection of the small isosceles triangular blocks 100c on the surface of the high temperature medium substrate 200 forms a small isosceles triangle.
One square block 100a, two large isosceles triangular blocks 100b and two small isosceles triangular blocks 100c constitute one structural unit, and the structural units are arranged in the high temperature medium substrate 200 in matrix of M rows by N columns, where M and N are both greater than or equal to 1. The orthographic projection of the matrix arrangement on the surface of the dielectric layer forms a second rectangle, and the included angle between the longitudinal center line of the first rectangle and any side of the second rectangle is 45 degrees.
In the orthographic projection of the structural unit on the surface of the dielectric layer, two large isosceles right triangles are arranged in axial symmetry about the longitudinal center line of a first rectangle, and the hypotenuse of each large isosceles right triangle is parallel to the long side of the first rectangle; two little isosceles right triangles are axisymmetric about the horizontal central line of first rectangle, little isosceles right triangle's hypotenuse is on a parallel with the minor face of first rectangle, two big isosceles right triangle's right angle forms two relative apex angles of a certain square, two little isosceles right triangle's right angle forms two relative apex angles in addition of this square, first rectangle is located the space that the square encloses to close and forms.
Further, a high temperature resistant metal backplate 300 is required to be provided, and the high temperature resistant metal backplate 300 is attached to the other side surface of the high temperature resistant dielectric substrate 200.
Preferably, in order to make the polarization effect of the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission better, the high-temperature resistant dielectric substrate 200 may be set to be aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) The conductive metal 100 is set to gold, and the high temperature resistant metal back plate 300 is set to a high temperature resistant nickel-based alloy. Meanwhile, in order to enable the high-temperature super-composite material to have the characteristic of low infrared emission, the duty ratio of the polarization rotation functional layer reaches more than 81%.
It should be understood that the material of the above structure is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the specific choice is determined according to practical situations, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
It should also be understood that, the high-temperature metamaterial with low infrared emission is formed by the above materials, the dielectric constant of the high-temperature resistant dielectric substrate 200 is 8.5(1-j0.045), and the conductivity of the conductive function layer 100 is 4.52 x 107S/m。
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of a super-surface conductive functional layer in a high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention, it can be seen that the high-temperature super-material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention is composed of a plurality of periodic units of a polarization rotation super-material functional layer 100. The unit period side length p of the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission shown in FIG. 2 is 6mm, the length a of the first rectangle is 6mm, and the width b of the first rectangle is 2.3 mm; the right-angle side c of the big isosceles triangle is 3.55 mm; the right-angle side d of the small isosceles triangle is 1.61 mm; and the thickness of the high-temperature resistant dielectric layer is 2 mm.
It should be understood that the above structural dimensions are only exemplary, the specific dimensions are determined according to practical situations, and the invention is not limited thereto.
Fig. 3 is a simulation curve of a high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from the figure, the polarization mode of the reflected electromagnetic wave of the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission is changed in the frequency band range of 5.1GHz-7.74GHz, so that the risk of target detection is reduced.
Fig. 4 is a sample experimental piece of a high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a graph illustrating an ir emissivity test of the material. As can be seen from the figure, the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission has the infrared emissivity of less than 0.3 and the characteristic of low emission, thereby reducing the risk of target detection.
In summary, according to the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission provided by the embodiment of the invention, by arranging the three-layer structure including the polarization rotation super-surface conductive function layer, the high-temperature resistant dielectric substrate and the high-temperature resistant metal bottom plate, the rotation of the polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave in the working frequency band of 5.1GHz-7.74GHz can be realized, that is, the horizontal polarization (vertical polarization) is changed into the vertical polarization (horizontal polarization), so that the polarization mode of the reflected electromagnetic wave and the enemy detection electromagnetic wave is mismatched, and the electromagnetic wave returned from the original path cannot be received, thereby achieving the purpose of hiding the enemy detection radar system. And the duty ratio of the polarized rotating super-surface conductive functional layer is more than 81%, so that the high-temperature super-composite material has low emission characteristic in an infrared frequency band, and the infrared emission rate is less than 0.3 in experimental tests. Therefore, the high-temperature super-composite material with low infrared emission has important application prospect.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application in any way, and although the present application has been disclosed in the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes and modifications within the technical scope of the present application without departing from the scope of the present application, and therefore all the changes and modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The ultra-composite material with the infrared low emission is characterized by comprising a dielectric layer and a polarization rotation functional layer attached to one surface of the dielectric layer, wherein the polarization rotation functional layer comprises a plurality of square blocks, a plurality of large isosceles triangular blocks and a plurality of small isosceles triangular blocks, the square blocks, the large isosceles triangular blocks and the small isosceles triangular blocks are all made of conductive materials, one square block, two large isosceles triangular blocks and two small isosceles triangular blocks form a structural unit, the structural units are arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer in a matrix manner of M rows multiplied by N columns, and M and N are both more than or equal to 1; the orthographic projection of the square blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a first rectangle, the orthographic projection of the large isosceles triangular blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a large isosceles triangle, the orthographic projection of the small isosceles triangular blocks on the surface of the medium layer forms a small isosceles triangle, the orthographic projection of the matrix arrangement on the surface of the medium layer forms a second rectangle, and the included angle between the longitudinal center line of the first rectangle and any side of the second rectangle is 45 degrees;
in the orthographic projection of the structural unit on the surface of the dielectric layer, two large isosceles right triangles are arranged in an axisymmetric manner about the longitudinal central line of a first rectangle, two small isosceles right triangles are arranged in an axisymmetric manner about the transverse central line of the first rectangle, the hypotenuse of the large isosceles right triangle is parallel to the long side of the first rectangle, the hypotenuse of the small isosceles right triangle is parallel to the short side of the first rectangle, the right angles of the four isosceles right triangles form four vertex angles of a certain square, and the first rectangle is positioned in a space formed by enclosing the squares;
and a high-temperature-resistant metal back plate layer is attached to the other surface of the dielectric layer.
2. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to claim 1, wherein the area of the polarization rotation functional layer projected onto the surface of the dielectric layer is more than 80% of the area of the dielectric layer.
3. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to claim 1, wherein the first rectangle has a length of 4mm to 7mm and a width of 0.6 mm to 1 mm; the right-angle side of the large isosceles triangle is 4.5mm-5.5 mm; the right-angle side of the small isosceles triangle is 0.5mm-1 mm; the side length of the square is 5mm-7 mm.
4. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thickness of the polarization rotation functional layer is < 20 μm.
5. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductive material is a high-temperature metal material or a high-temperature ceramic material; preferably, the conductivity of the conductive material is greater than 105S/m。
6. The ultra-composite material with infrared low emission according to claim 5, wherein the high temperature metallic material comprises a noble metal, a high temperature titanium alloy or a high entropy alloy; the high temperature ceramic material comprises a carbide of a refractory metal, a nitride of a refractory metal, or a boride of a refractory metal.
7. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5mm to 2 mm.
8. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to claim 7, wherein the dielectric layer comprises quartz and composite materials, alumina ceramics and composite materials, kaolin ceramics and composite materials, cordierite ceramics and composite materials, boron nitride ceramics and composite materials, silicon nitride ceramics and composite materials.
9. The ultra-composite material with low infrared emission according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the material of the refractory metal back plate layer comprises a high temperature nickel-based or titanium-based alloy.
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| CN113224540B (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2022-07-26 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Terahertz metamaterial wave absorber for inhibiting infrared absorption |
| CN113224543B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-08-02 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Visible light-infrared-microwave three-frequency-band compatible super surface |
| CN113917588B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-07-05 | 武汉理工大学 | Super-surface structure transmission type polarization regulator and preparation method thereof |
| CN114013149B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-12-29 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Microwave and infrared double-stealth composite material |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| GB1416343A (en) * | 1972-02-16 | 1975-12-03 | Secr Defence | Radomes |
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| CN111048909A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-04-21 | 曲阜师范大学 | Super surface electromagnetic wave polarization modulator based on similar field word |
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