CN112629662A - Reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system and detection method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system and a detection method, and belongs to the technical field of integrated optics. The device comprises a light polarization beam splitting and converting device, an adjustable light phase shifting device, an adjustable light beam splitting device, a first light detecting device and a second light detecting device, wherein the light polarization beam splitting and converting device converts light to be detected into the same polarization state after splitting the light according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states and outputs a first light beam and a second light beam; the adjustable light phase shifting device receives the first light beam and adjusts the phase; the adjustable light beam splitting device receives the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam, performs interference beam combination on the first light beam and the second light beam, and changes an interference result input to the detection device by adjusting the splitting ratio; the detection device detects the light intensity of the two paths of light beams and converts the light intensity into an electric signal for calculating the Stokes parameters of the light to be detected, so that the measurement of the polarization state is completed. Compared with a polarization analyzer formed by traditional discrete devices, the polarization analyzer has the advantages of small size, low cost, reconfigurability, quick measurement and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated optics, and particularly relates to a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system and a detection method.
Background
The polarization analyzer is an important measuring instrument for measuring the polarization state of an optical signal, and is one of important devices in the technical field of polarized light, which is commonly used in applications such as polarization imaging, optical sensing and optical communication.
In the prior art, according to the principle of polarization analysis, there are two main types of polarization analyzers: one type is a split-amplitude polarization analyzer, each path of light is subjected to polarization processing and detected by an optical detector by splitting the light to be detected, and the polarization state with the light is calculated through the measured data, the method needs to split the input light, the signal-to-noise ratio of the input detector is low, the system is large, but multiple paths of detectors can simultaneously obtain the measured data, and the measuring speed is high; the other time-sharing polarization analyzer carries out polarization processing and detection on input light for multiple times through the adjustable polarization device, and calculates the Stokes parameters of light to be detected through multiple detection results. The detectors of such polarization analyzers receive a high signal-to-noise ratio, but require at least four detections in time, are slow in measurement speed, and have limited accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system and a detection method, so that the technical problems that the traditional polarization analyzer needs to detect for multiple times in time and has low measurement speed are solved.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system is provided, the system includes an optical polarization beam splitting and converting device, an adjustable optical phase shifting device, an adjustable optical beam splitting device, a first optical detection device and a second optical detection device integrated on a chip;
the first output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device is connected to the input end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device, the output end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device is connected to the first input end of the adjustable optical beam splitting device, and the second output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device is connected to the second input end of the adjustable optical beam splitting device; the first output end of the adjustable light beam splitting device is connected to the input end of the first photoelectric detection device, and the second output end of the adjustable light beam splitting device is connected to the input end of the second photoelectric detection device;
the light polarization beam splitting and converting device is used for splitting the light to be measured in any polarization state into the same polarization state according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states and outputting a first light beam and a second light beam;
the adjustable light phase shifting device is used for receiving the first light beam and adjusting the phase of the first light beam, so that the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam generate variable phase difference;
the adjustable light beam splitting device is used for receiving the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam, carrying out interference beam combination on the first light beam and the second light beam, and changing an interference result input to the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device by adjusting the beam splitting ratio of the first light beam and the second light beam;
the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are respectively used for detecting the light intensity of the two paths of light beams after the interference beam combination and splitting and converting the light intensity into an electric signal for calculating the Stokes parameters of the light to be measured, so that the measurement of the polarization state is completed.
Preferably, the tunable optical beam splitting device comprises a first optical beam splitter, a tunable optical phase shifter and a second optical beam splitter;
the first input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the output end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device, and the second input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the second output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device; a first output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with an input end of the adjustable optical phase shifter, an output end of the adjustable optical phase shifter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter, and a second output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter; the first output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the first optical detection device, and the second output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the second optical detection device;
the first optical beam splitter and the second optical beam splitter are used for performing equal-power beam splitting on the first light beam and the second light beam, and the adjustable optical phase shifter is used for changing the splitting ratio of the adjustable optical beam splitting device by adjusting the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shifter.
Preferably, the first optical beam splitter, the tunable optical phase shifter and the second optical beam splitter form a mach-zehnder interference structure, so as to adjust a splitting ratio of the tunable optical beam splitting device.
Preferably, the first optical splitter and the second optical splitter are both 1:1 optical splitters.
Preferably, the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable optical beam splitting device are configured multiple times simultaneously, so as to change the electrical signals detected by the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of detecting the polarization state of light, the method comprising the steps of:
splitting the light to be detected according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states by a light polarization splitting and converting device, converting the light to be detected into the same polarization state and outputting the light to be detected as a first light beam and a second light beam;
the first light beam and the second light beam are subjected to interference beam combination in the adjustable light beam splitting device after being subjected to phase modulation by the adjustable light phase shifting device, and the first light detection device and the second light detection device are used for detecting the light intensity of the output light beam after the splitting ratio of the modulated light beam and the second light beam is changed by the adjustable light phase shifting device;
the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device are configured for multiple times, so that the first light detection device and the second light detection device detect the light intensity of multiple groups of output light beams and convert the light intensity into electric signals for calculating Stokes parameters of light to be detected, and the detection of the polarization state of the light to be detected is realized.
Preferably, the detection of the electrical signal for calculating the stokes parameter of the light to be detected is realized by simultaneously configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device for at least three times.
Preferably, the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device are configured for three times simultaneously, and the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are used for detecting for three times respectively, so that six electrical signals are obtained to realize detection of the polarization state of the light to be detected.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can realize the measurement of any polarization state and improve the measurement efficiency by simultaneously configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the light splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device for a plurality of times so as to change the electric signals detected by the first light detection device and the second light detection device.
2. Compared with a polarization analyzer formed by traditional discrete devices, the polarization analyzer has the advantages of small size and low cost by integrating the light polarization beam splitting conversion device, the adjustable light phase shifting device, the adjustable light beam splitting device, the first light detection device and the second light detection device.
3. The detection method provided by the invention can realize the detection of the electric signal for calculating the Stokes parameter of the light to be detected only by configuring the phase shift amount of the dimmable phase shift device and the light splitting of the dimmable beam splitting device for three times, and improves the measurement speed compared with the traditional polarization analyzer which needs to carry out detection for at least four times in time.
4. The detection method provided by the invention obtains six current information from the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device by configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shift device and the light splitting amount of the adjustable optical beam splitting device for three times, thereby improving the measurement precision.
5. The invention constructs the orthogonal polarization state at any position on the Poincare sphere by randomly reconfiguring the adjustable light phase-shifting device and the adjustable light beam splitting device, thereby constructing the projection matrix of a complete polarization analysis system and realizing the reconfigurable function of the polarization system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunable light beam splitting device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system, which includes an optical polarization beam splitting and converting device, an adjustable optical phase shifting device, an adjustable optical beam splitting device, a first optical detecting device and a second optical detecting device, wherein,
two output ends of the light polarization beam splitting conversion device are respectively connected with the adjustable light phase shifting device and the adjustable light beam splitting device, the light polarization beam splitting conversion device is used for converting the beams to be measured in any polarization state into the same polarization state and outputting a first light beam and a second light beam, wherein the first light beam enters the adjustable light phase shifting device, and the second light beam enters the adjustable light beam splitting device.
The output end of the adjustable light phase shifting device is connected with the input end of the adjustable light beam splitter, the adjustable light phase shifting device is used for receiving the first light beam and adjusting the phase of the first light beam, and the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam generate variable relative phase difference by changing the phase shifting amount of the first light beam.
To be further described, the phase-adjusted first light beam and the phase-adjusted second light beam enter the tunable light beam splitting device. As shown in fig. 2, in the present invention, the tunable optical splitter is a mach-zehnder interference structure composed of a first optical splitter, a tunable optical phase shifter, and a second optical splitter, wherein the specific connection relationship of each device is as follows:
the first input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the output end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device, and the second input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the second output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device; a first output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with an input end of the adjustable optical phase shifter, an output end of the adjustable optical phase shifter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter, and a second output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter; and the first output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the first optical detection device, and the second output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the second optical detection device.
Preferably, the first optical splitter and the second optical splitter are both 1:1 optical splitters.
Furthermore, the first optical beam obtained by performing equal-power splitting on the input first optical beam and the input second optical beam by the first optical beam splitter enters the adjustable optical phase shifter, the second optical beam enters the second optical beam splitter, the adjustable optical phase shifter adjusts the phase shift amount of the first optical beam to perform phase adjustment on the first optical beam, and the adjusted first optical beam and the adjusted second optical beam are output to the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device respectively after being subjected to equal-power splitting by the second optical beam splitter.
The reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system is used for simultaneously configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device for multiple times so as to change electric signals detected by the first light detection device and the second light detection device, and multiple groups of electric signals are used for calculating the Stokes parameters of light to be measured, so that the measurement of the polarization state is completed.
The invention integrates the light polarization beam splitting conversion device, the adjustable light phase shifting device, the adjustable light beam splitting device, the first light detection device, the second light detection device and other devices into a chip, and has the advantages of small size and low cost compared with a polarization analyzer formed by traditional discrete devices.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detecting a light polarization state, which comprises the following steps:
s100, splitting the light to be measured according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states by using a light polarization splitting and converting device, converting the light to be measured into the same polarization state, and outputting the light to be measured as a first light beam and a second light beam.
S200, the light beam of the first light beam after being phase-modulated by the adjustable light phase-shifting device and the second light beam are subjected to interference beam combination in the adjustable light beam splitting device, and the light intensity of the output light beam is detected by using the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device after the splitting ratio of the modulated light beam and the second light beam is changed by the adjustable light phase-shifting device;
s300, the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device are configured for multiple times, so that the first light detection device and the second light detection device detect the light intensities of multiple groups of output light beams and convert the light intensities into electric signals for calculating the Stokes parameters of the light to be detected, and the detection of the polarization state of the light to be detected is realized.
Specifically, the detection of the electrical signal for calculating the Stokes parameter of the light to be detected is realized by simultaneously configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device for at least three times.
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the light polarization beam splitting and converting apparatus in the following description splits the light to be measured according to 0 ° linearly polarized light and 90 ° linearly polarized light, and converts the light to be measured into the same polarization state.
As shown in FIG. 1, the system of the present invention includes an optical polarization beam splitting and converting device, an adjustable optical phase shifting device, an adjustable optical beam splitting device, a first optical detecting device and a second optical detecting device.
The light polarization beam splitting conversion device splits input light to be detected according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states and converts the input light to be detected into the same polarization state, and the Jones vector of the light to be detected is assumed to be
Ex，EyThe electric field intensities of the 0 degree linearly polarized light component and the 90 degree linearly polarized light component of the light to be measured are respectively E, the electric field intensities of the light at the first output end and the second output end of the light polarization beam splitting device are respectively Ex，EyAnd the phase difference between the two is expressed as
Said canThe light-adjusting phase shift device generates two beams of light output by the polarization beam splitting conversion device
Relative phase shift of (1), its transmission matrix M1Can be written as follows
The structure of the adjustable light beam splitting device is shown in figure 2 and comprises a 1:1 light beam splitter, an adjustable light phase shifter and a 1:1 light beam splitter, and the phase shift quantity of the adjustable light phase shifter in the adjustable light beam splitting device is adjusted
Changing the splitting ratio of the adjustable beam splitter to control the interference combination of two beams of light, and its transmission matrix M2Can be written as follows
The intensity of the electric field of the light received by the first light detection device and the intensity of the electric field received by the second light detection device are vectors
Can be written as follows
Wherein
Jones vector J1And J2The corresponding polarization states constitute a set of orthogonal polarization states.
Thus, twoThe detecting devices respectively detecting the light to be detected in the orthogonal polarization state J1And J2Power of projection by varying
And
the orthogonal polarization state J of the projections detected by the two detection devices can be changed1And J2。
The invention carries out configuration for multiple times on the adjustable light phase shift device and the adjustable light beam splitting device
Constructing a series of orthogonal polarization states J1，i，J2，iSo as to construct a projection matrix expression of the complete polarization analysis system as follows:
Mprojecteach row of (a) represents a projection of incident light onto one polarization component, and the light fields received by the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are respectively:
the generated current is
Wherein R is the responsivity of the first photo-detection means and the second photo-detection means.
Further, the invention can realize the detection of the stokes parameter of the light to be detected through at least three times of configuration, and the invention has various configuration modes as long as three groups of orthogonal polarization states meeting the measurement are not coplanar on the Poincar sphere.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a noise-optimized pattern of cubic configuration.
Example one
In the rapid measurement mode, the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device are simultaneously configured for three times, and the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are used for detecting for three times respectively, so that six electric signals are obtained to realize the detection of the polarization state of the light to be detected.
In the case of performing three measurements, the fast measurement mode may be set to measure Jones vector J as ((10)T,(0 1)T),
These three sets of orthogonal polarization states, which correspond to the same
And
the configuration table is shown in table one
Three measurements of the watch
And
configuration table (2)
Reading the first and second photo-detection means currents I in states 1-3, respectively1And I2The corresponding Jones vector J in the incident light is obtained as ((10)T,(01)T),
The optical power of the three orthogonal polarization state components can be calculated to obtain the polarization state of the incident light, which is expressed as (S) by Stokes parameter0，S1，S2，S3) Stokes parameters of polarization state of incident light and currents I of the first light detection device and the second light detection device1And I2The measurement matrix is the left inverse of the matrix formed by the stokes parameters of the projected polarization state, and the current-to-stokes parameter calculation formula is as follows, wherein A is a constant coefficient,
it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system is characterized in that: the system comprises a light polarization beam splitting and converting device, an adjustable light phase shifting device, an adjustable light beam splitting device, a first light detection device and a second light detection device which are integrated on a chip;
the first output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device is connected to the input end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device, the output end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device is connected to the first input end of the adjustable optical beam splitting device, and the second output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device is connected to the second input end of the adjustable optical beam splitting device; the first output end of the adjustable light beam splitting device is connected to the input end of the first photoelectric detection device, and the second output end of the adjustable light beam splitting device is connected to the input end of the second photoelectric detection device;
the light polarization beam splitting and converting device is used for splitting the light to be measured in any polarization state into the same polarization state according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states and outputting a first light beam and a second light beam;
the adjustable light phase shifting device is used for receiving the first light beam and adjusting the phase of the first light beam, so that the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam generate variable phase difference;
the adjustable light beam splitting device is used for receiving the adjusted first light beam and the adjusted second light beam, carrying out interference beam combination on the first light beam and the second light beam, and changing an interference result input to the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device by adjusting the beam splitting ratio of the first light beam and the second light beam;
the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are respectively used for detecting the light intensity of the two paths of light beams after the interference beam combination and splitting and converting the light intensity into an electric signal for calculating the Stokes parameters of the light to be measured, so that the measurement of the polarization state is completed.
2. The reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system of claim 1, wherein the tunable optical beam splitting device comprises a first optical beam splitter, a tunable optical phase shifter and a second optical beam splitter;
the first input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the output end of the adjustable optical phase shifting device, and the second input end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with the second output end of the optical polarization beam splitting and converting device; a first output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with an input end of the adjustable optical phase shifter, an output end of the adjustable optical phase shifter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter, and a second output end of the first optical beam splitter is connected with a first input end of the second optical beam splitter; the first output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the first optical detection device, and the second output end of the second optical beam splitter is connected with the input end of the second optical detection device;
the first optical beam splitter and the second optical beam splitter are used for performing equal-power beam splitting on the first light beam and the second light beam, and the adjustable optical phase shifter is used for changing the splitting ratio of the adjustable optical beam splitting device by adjusting the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shifter.
3. The reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system according to claim 2, wherein the first optical beam splitter, the tunable optical phase shifter and the second optical beam splitter form a mach-zehnder interference structure to achieve tunable splitting ratio of the tunable optical beam splitting device.
4. The reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system of claim 3, wherein the first optical splitter and the second optical splitter are both 1:1 optical splitters.
5. A reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrical signals detected by the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are changed by configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shifting device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable optical beam splitting device a plurality of times simultaneously.
6. A method for detecting the light polarization state based on the reconfigurable time-sharing polarization analysis system of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
splitting the light to be detected according to a pair of orthogonal polarization states by a light polarization splitting and converting device, converting the light to be detected into the same polarization state and outputting the light to be detected as a first light beam and a second light beam;
the first light beam is subjected to interference beam combination with the second light beam in the adjustable light beam splitting device after being subjected to phase modulation by the adjustable light phase shifting device, and the first light detection device and the second light detection device are used for detecting the light intensity of the output light beam after the splitting ratio of the phase-modulated light beam and the second light beam is changed by the adjustable light phase shifting device;
the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitting device are configured for multiple times, so that the first light detection device and the second light detection device detect the light intensity of multiple groups of output light beams and convert the light intensity into electric signals for calculating Stokes parameters of light to be detected, and the detection of the polarization state of the light to be detected is realized.
7. The optical polarization state detection method according to claim 6, wherein the detection of the electrical signal for calculating the Stokes parameter of the light to be measured is realized by simultaneously configuring the phase shift amount of the adjustable optical phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable optical beam splitting device at least three times.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the phase shift amount of the adjustable light phase shift device and the splitting ratio of the adjustable light beam splitter are configured three times at the same time, and the first optical detection device and the second optical detection device are used to perform three times of detection respectively, so as to obtain six electrical signals to detect the polarization state of the light to be detected.
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| CN114166348A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-03-11 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Rapid polarization imaging method based on full Stokes vector |
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| CN116124291A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-05-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Polarization measurement system and polarization measurement method based on silicon optical chip |
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| CN114166348B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-09-19 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Rapid polarization imaging method based on full Stokes vector |
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