CN112628738A - Plasma fly ash melting treatment system and method combined with waste incineration power plant - Google Patents

Plasma fly ash melting treatment system and method combined with waste incineration power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112628738A
CN112628738A CN202011188925.5A CN202011188925A CN112628738A CN 112628738 A CN112628738 A CN 112628738A CN 202011188925 A CN202011188925 A CN 202011188925A CN 112628738 A CN112628738 A CN 112628738A
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China
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fly ash
dust collector
flue gas
waste incineration
power plant
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苏明舟
楚庆国
唐鹏
李磊
陈佺
符仲恩
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Anhui Xinneng Electricity Science And Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Xinneng Electricity Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/06—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with moving adsorbents, e.g. rotating beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40—Acidic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/64—Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
    • B01D2258/0291—Flue gases from waste incineration plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/104—Combustion in two or more stages with ash melting stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/30—Solid combustion residues, e.g. bottom or flyash
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50206—Pelletising waste before combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
    • F23J2215/30—Halogen; Compounds thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/101—Baghouse type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2219/00—Treatment devices
    • F23J2219/30—Sorption devices using carbon, e.g. coke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/01009—Controls related to ash or slag extraction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a plasma fly ash fusion treatment system and method combined with a waste incineration power plant, comprising a waste treatment system and a fly ash treatment system; the garbage treatment system comprises a garbage storage pit, a garbage incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a fan which are arranged in sequence, wherein the semi-dry reaction tower is connected with the bag type dust collector through a flue gas pipeline; the fly ash treatment system comprises a fly ash collecting bin, a fly ash forming system, a plasma melting furnace, a secondary combustion chamber, a wet deacidification tower and an electrostatic dust collector which are arranged in sequence, wherein the fly ash collecting bin collects fly ash in a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a flue gas pipeline between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector, and an outlet of the electrostatic dust collector is connected with the fan. The invention changes the components of the waste fly ash by changing the components of the deacidification agent in the waste incineration power plant, thereby solving the problems of large energy consumption in the melting process and high chlorine content in the vitreous body.

Description

Plasma fly ash melting treatment system and method combined with waste incineration power plant
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste fly ash treatment, in particular to a plasma fly ash fusion treatment system and method combined with a waste incineration power plant.
Background
The waste incineration fly ash contains smoke entrained particulate matters, deacidification is carried out to obtain products, excessive chemical agents and other components, the main agent used in deacidification at present is quicklime, the agent has the advantages of large surface area, low treatment cost and the like, but the efficiency of removing the agent by using the quicklime as a dry method and a semi-dry method is lower, and the surplus agent is easily sprayed to increase the generation amount of the fly ash; during the melting treatment process of the fly ash, a large amount of calcium-based deacidification agent is sprayed in the deacidification process, so that the fly ash is meltedThe temperature rise wastes energy, and the economic cost is influenced; deacidified CaCl produced2The volatilization temperature of the material reaches 1600 ℃, so that part of CaCl will be generated in the fly ash melting process2The substances can not be volatilized and remain in the glass body, and the substance residue of the part can influence the resource utilization of the building materials of the glass body.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a plasma fly ash fusion treatment system and a plasma fly ash fusion treatment method combined with a waste incineration power plant.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a plasma fly ash fusion treatment system and method combined with a waste incineration power plant comprises a waste treatment system and a fly ash treatment system;
the garbage treatment system comprises a garbage storage pit, a garbage incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a fan which are arranged in sequence, wherein the semi-dry reaction tower is connected with the bag type dust collector through a flue gas pipeline;
the fly ash treatment system comprises a fly ash collecting bin, a fly ash forming system, a plasma melting furnace, a secondary combustion chamber, a wet deacidification tower and an electrostatic dust collector which are arranged in sequence, wherein the fly ash collecting bin collects fly ash in a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a flue gas pipeline between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector, and an outlet of the electrostatic dust collector is connected with the fan.
And a CEMS real-time monitoring system is arranged at the smoke discharge port of the fan and in the fly ash collecting bin.
And a sodium bicarbonate injection device and an active carbon injection device are sequentially arranged on a flue gas pipeline between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector.
The water outlet of the wet deacidification tower is connected with a wastewater treatment device.
A plasma fly ash fusion treatment method combined with a waste incineration power plant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that garbage is collected in a garbage incineration plant and then poured into a garbage storage pit, the garbage is fermented in the garbage storage pit and then is put into a garbage incinerator for burning, and generated flue gas firstly exchanges heat through a waste heat boiler;
(2) introducing the flue gas subjected to heat exchange and cooling by the waste heat boiler into a semi-dry reaction tower, and spraying lime slurry into the semi-dry reaction tower to remove acid gas; in order to reduce the generation amount of the fly ash and change the components in the fly ash to reduce the melting point of the fly ash, and simultaneously carry out chlorine element in the melting process of the fly ash, sodium bicarbonate is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline;
(3) in order to ensure that the emission of acid gas and heavy metal in the flue gas reaches the standard, 1-4 per mill of active carbon is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline at the front end of the bag type dust collector for adsorption, all dust is intercepted in the bag type dust collector, and the flue gas purified by the bag type dust collector is discharged by a fan;
(4) collecting fly ash intercepted in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector in a fly ash collecting bin, and preparing the collected fly ash and additives into granular substances in a fly ash molding system according to the ratio of 10: 1.5-3;
(5) the particle substances are directly conveyed into a plasma melting furnace, energy is provided by an electric arc in the plasma melting furnace to melt the particle substances, the molten substances are rapidly cooled to be changed into glass bodies, and volatile substances enter a secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas;
(6) the method comprises the following steps of firstly burning part of combustible gas in a second combustion chamber, then removing acid gas in a wet-process deacidification tower through sodium hydroxide, wherein the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to chlorine to sulfur is controlled to be 2-5: 1, particles which are not captured behind are intercepted in an electrostatic dust collector, treating waste water generated by the wet-process deacidification tower through a waste water treatment device, injecting the purified flue gas into a pipeline at the front end of a fan of a waste incineration power plant, and discharging the purified flue gas into the atmosphere along with the purified flue gas of the waste incineration power plant.
The half-dry reaction tower is sprayed with the chemical agents with the molar ratio of sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur of 1:1, the calcium-sulfur ratio of 1:1 and the calcium-chlorine ratio of 1: 2.
The additive in the step (4) is a silicon-containing substance.
In order to enable the smoke emission to reach the standard, a CEMS real-time monitoring system is installed at the smoke emission port of the fan and in the fly ash collecting bin, and the chlorine content in the vitreous body depends on the components of the fly ash generated by burning the garbage, so that periodic sampling is required to detect the components of the fly ash and the vitreous body.
In the operation process, if the CEMS real-time monitoring system gives an alarm and the waste incineration fly ash is appropriate in component, the spraying amount of the sodium bicarbonate is increased until the flue gas emission meets the requirement; if the smoke emission is normal and the waste incineration fly ash is not proper, ensuring that the smoke emission meets the requirements, increasing the injection amount of sodium bicarbonate and reducing the injection amount of calcium hydroxide, or adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate into an additive and bringing the sodium bicarbonate into a plasma melting furnace; if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are not normal, the spraying amount of the sodium bicarbonate is increased firstly, and if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are still abnormal, the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide is increased until the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are normal.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the production amount of the waste incineration fly ash is reduced. The existing dry method and semi-dry method use calcium agents, which have low efficiency, redundant calcium base exists in waste incineration fly ash, so that the waste incineration fly ash production is increased, the waste incineration fly ash treatment cost is increased, and the adoption of sodium bicarbonate has high efficiency, so that the fly ash production is reduced.
2. The chemical proportion in the waste incineration fly ash can be changed by adding the sodium bicarbonate, the waste incineration fly ash is more suitable for high-temperature melting, the melting temperature can be reduced, the generated vitreous body better meets the requirement of resource utilization, and the treatment cost of the waste incineration fly ash is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the workflow of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, a plasma fly ash fusion treatment system and method combined with a waste incineration power plant comprises a waste treatment system and a fly ash treatment system;
the garbage treatment system comprises a garbage storage pit 1, a garbage incinerator 2, a waste heat boiler 3, a semi-dry type reaction tower 4, a bag type dust collector 5 and a fan 6 which are arranged in sequence, wherein the semi-dry type reaction tower 4 is connected with the bag type dust collector 5 through a flue gas pipeline 7;
the fly ash treatment system comprises a fly ash collecting bin 8, a fly ash forming system 9, a plasma melting furnace 10, a secondary combustion chamber 11, a wet deacidification tower 12 and an electrostatic dust collector 13 which are sequentially arranged, wherein the fly ash collecting bin 8 collects fly ash in the semi-dry reaction tower 4, the bag type dust collector 5 and a flue gas pipeline 7 between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector, and an outlet of the electrostatic dust collector 13 is connected with the fan 6.
And a CEMS real-time monitoring system 14 is arranged at the flue gas discharge port of the fan 6 and in the fly ash collecting bin 8.
And a sodium bicarbonate injection device and an active carbon injection device are sequentially arranged on a flue gas pipeline 7 between the semi-dry reaction tower 4 and the bag type dust collector 5.
The water outlet of the wet deacidification tower 12 is connected with a wastewater treatment device 15.
A plasma fly ash fusion treatment method combined with a waste incineration power plant specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) garbage is collected to a garbage incineration plant through a sanitation system and then poured into a garbage storage pit 1, the garbage is fermented in the garbage storage pit 1 and then is put into a garbage incinerator 2 for combustion, and generated flue gas firstly exchanges heat through a waste heat boiler 3 to push a steam turbine to generate power;
(2) the cooled flue gas contains a large amount of acid gas and heavy metal, and the current mainstream process of dry method and semi-dry method is adopted, so that the generation amount of fly ash is reduced, the components in the fly ash are changed, the melting point of the fly ash is reduced, chlorine element is taken out as much as possible in the melting process of the fly ash, sodium bicarbonate is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline by dry deacidification, and lime slurry is sprayed into a semi-dry reaction tower to remove the acid gas; the dry deacidification and spraying agent content is that the molar ratio of sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur is controlled to be 1: 1-3, the calcium-sulfur ratio in the semi-dry deacidification is controlled to be 1: 1-3, and the calcium-chlorine ratio is 1: 2-4;
(3) in order to ensure that the emission of acid gas and heavy metal in the flue gas reaches the standard, 1-4 per mill (based on the garbage treatment amount) is sprayed into a pipeline at the front end of the bag type dust collector. All dust is intercepted in the bag type dust collector by the active carbon adsorption;
(4) fly ash intercepted in the dry method reaction tower, the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector is collected in a fly ash collecting tank, and the collected fly ash and additives (mainly silicon-containing substances, sand, waste glass and the like) are made into granular substances in a forming system at a ratio of 10: 1.5-3;
(5) the particle substances are directly conveyed into a melting furnace, energy is provided by electric arc in the melting furnace to melt the mixture, the melted substances are rapidly cooled into glass bodies, the glass bodies are directly conveyed out for resource utilization, and volatile substances enter a subsequent flue gas treatment system along with the flue gas;
(6) the method comprises the following steps of firstly burning part of combustible gas in a second combustion chamber, then removing acid gas in a wet-process deacidification tower through sodium hydroxide, controlling the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to chlorine to sulfur to be 2-5: 1, intercepting particulates which are not captured behind in an electrostatic dust collector, collecting waste water, treating the waste water, distributing the waste water similar to high-salt waste water, injecting the purified flue gas into a pipeline at the front end of a fan of a waste incineration power plant, and discharging the purified flue gas into the atmosphere along with the purified flue gas of the waste incineration power plant.
(7) The method is characterized in that the requirement of the flue gas discharged by a waste incineration power plant meets the GB18485-2014 requirement, the chlorine content in the generated glass body must be lower than 0.0025%, in order to enable the flue gas discharge to meet the standard, CEMS is installed in a flue gas discharge port for real-time monitoring, and the chlorine content in the glass body depends on the components of waste incineration fly ash, so that periodic sampling is required to detect the components of the fly ash and the glass body;
(8) in the operation process, if CEMES gives an alarm and the waste incineration fly ash has proper components, the spraying amount of sodium bicarbonate is increased until the flue gas emission meets the requirements; if the smoke emission is normal and the waste incineration fly ash is not proper, ensuring that the smoke emission meets the requirements, increasing the spraying amount of sodium bicarbonate and reducing the spraying amount of calcium hydroxide, or adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate into the additive and bringing the sodium bicarbonate into a melting furnace; if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are not normal, the spraying amount of the sodium bicarbonate is increased firstly, and if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are still abnormal, the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide is increased until the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are normal.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) garbage is collected to a garbage incineration plant through a sanitation system and then poured into a garbage storage pit, the garbage is fermented in the garbage storage pit and then put into a garbage incinerator for combustion, and generated flue gas firstly exchanges heat through a waste heat boiler to drive a steam turbine to generate electricity;
(2) the cooled flue gas contains a large amount of acid gas and heavy metal, and the current mainstream process of dry method and semi-dry method is adopted, so that the generation amount of fly ash is reduced, the components in the fly ash are changed, the melting point of the fly ash is reduced, chlorine element is taken out as much as possible in the melting process of the fly ash, sodium bicarbonate is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline by dry deacidification, and lime slurry is sprayed into a semi-dry reaction tower to remove the acid gas; the dry deacidification spraying agent content is that the molar ratio of sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur is controlled to be 1:1, the calcium-sulfur ratio in the semi-dry deacidification is controlled to be 1:1, and the calcium-chlorine ratio is 1: 2;
(3) in order to ensure that the emission of acid gas and heavy metal in the flue gas reaches the standard, 1 per mill of active carbon is sprayed into a pipeline at the front end of the bag type dust collector for adsorption (based on the garbage treatment amount), and all dust is intercepted in the bag type dust collector;
(4) fly ash trapped in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector is collected in a fly ash collecting tank, and the collected fly ash and additives (mainly silicon-containing substances, sand, waste glass and the like) are made into granular substances in a forming system at a ratio of 10: 1.5;
(5) the particle substances are directly conveyed into a melting furnace, energy is provided by electric arc in the melting furnace to melt the mixture, the melted substances are changed into glass bodies through water spraying and quenching, the glass bodies are directly transported out for resource utilization, and volatile substances enter a subsequent flue gas treatment system along with the flue gas;
(6) the method comprises the steps of firstly burning part of combustible gas in a secondary combustion chamber by using flue gas, then spraying sodium hydroxide solution to remove acid gas, controlling the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to chlorine to sulfur to be 3:1, intercepting particulates which are not captured behind in an electrostatic dust collector, and introducing all collected waste water into a waste water treatment device.
(7) In the process, the requirement of the flue gas discharged by a waste incineration power plant meets the GB18485-2014 requirement, the content of chlorine in the generated glass body must be lower than 0.0025%, in order to enable the flue gas discharge to meet the standard, CEMS is arranged in a flue gas discharge port for real-time monitoring, and the content of chlorine in the glass body depends on the fly ash component of waste incineration, so that periodic sampling is required for detecting the fly ash component;
(8) in the operation process, if CEMES gives an alarm and the waste incineration fly ash has proper components, the spraying amount of sodium bicarbonate is increased until the flue gas emission meets the requirement, but the molar ratio of the sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur cannot exceed 2:1, and if the flue gas emission still exceeds the standard, the spraying amount of calcium hydroxide is increased; if the smoke emission is normal and the waste incineration fly ash is not proper, ensuring that the smoke emission meets the requirement, increasing the spraying amount of sodium bicarbonate to ensure that the molar ratio of the sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur cannot exceed 1.5:1, and reducing the spraying amount of calcium hydroxide to ensure that the calcium-sulfur ratio in a semi-dry process is controlled to be 0.7:1 and the calcium-chlorine ratio is 0.7:2, or adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate into an additive and bringing the mixture into a melting furnace; if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are not normal, firstly increasing the injection amount of sodium bicarbonate, wherein the molar ratio of the sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur cannot exceed 2:1, and if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are still abnormal, increasing the injection amount of calcium hydroxide until the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are normal.
(9) The process considers using interlocking control, the control mode is that CEMES smoke emission value and the ratio of the original components of the fly ash, namely Na2O, Al2O3, SiO2 and CaO are controlled to be about 1.5:1:4:3.5, and relevant acid medicament injection control is started through feedback information of the relationship between the CEMES smoke emission value and the original components of the fly ash.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a plasma flying dust melting treatment system who combines with msw incineration power plant which characterized in that: comprises a garbage treatment system and a fly ash treatment system;
the garbage treatment system comprises a garbage storage pit, a garbage incinerator, a waste heat boiler, a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a fan which are arranged in sequence, wherein the semi-dry reaction tower is connected with the bag type dust collector through a flue gas pipeline;
the fly ash treatment system comprises a fly ash collecting bin, a fly ash forming system, a plasma melting furnace, a secondary combustion chamber, a wet deacidification tower and an electrostatic dust collector which are arranged in sequence, wherein the fly ash collecting bin collects fly ash in a semi-dry reaction tower, a bag type dust collector and a flue gas pipeline between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector, and an outlet of the electrostatic dust collector is connected with the fan.
2. The plasma fly ash fusion treatment system of claim 1 in combination with a waste incineration power plant, wherein: and a CEMS real-time monitoring system is arranged at the smoke discharge port of the fan and in the fly ash collecting bin.
3. The plasma fly ash fusion treatment system of claim 1 in combination with a waste incineration power plant, wherein: and a sodium bicarbonate injection device and an active carbon injection device are sequentially arranged on a flue gas pipeline between the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector.
4. The plasma fly ash fusion treatment system of claim 1 in combination with a waste incineration power plant, wherein: the water outlet of the wet deacidification tower is connected with a wastewater treatment device.
5. A plasma fly ash fusion treatment method combined with a waste incineration power plant is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps that garbage is collected in a garbage incineration plant and then poured into a garbage storage pit, the garbage is fermented in the garbage storage pit and then is put into a garbage incinerator for burning, and generated flue gas firstly exchanges heat through a waste heat boiler;
(2) introducing the flue gas subjected to heat exchange and cooling by the waste heat boiler into a semi-dry reaction tower, and spraying lime slurry into the semi-dry reaction tower to remove acid gas; in order to reduce the generation amount of the fly ash and change the components in the fly ash to reduce the melting point of the fly ash, and simultaneously carry out chlorine element in the melting process of the fly ash, sodium bicarbonate is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline;
(3) in order to ensure that the emission of acid gas and heavy metal in the flue gas reaches the standard, 1-4 per mill of active carbon is sprayed into a flue gas pipeline at the front end of the bag type dust collector for adsorption, all dust is intercepted in the bag type dust collector, and the flue gas purified by the bag type dust collector is discharged by a fan;
(4) collecting fly ash intercepted in the semi-dry reaction tower and the bag type dust collector in a fly ash collecting bin, and preparing the collected fly ash and additives into granular substances in a fly ash molding system according to the ratio of 10: 1.5-3;
(5) the particle substances are directly conveyed into a plasma melting furnace, energy is provided by an electric arc in the plasma melting furnace to melt the particle substances, the molten substances are rapidly cooled to be changed into glass bodies, and volatile substances enter a secondary combustion chamber along with flue gas;
(6) the method comprises the following steps of firstly burning part of combustible gas in a second combustion chamber, then removing acid gas in a wet-process deacidification tower through sodium hydroxide, wherein the molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to chlorine to sulfur is controlled to be 2-5: 1, particles which are not captured behind are intercepted in an electrostatic dust collector, treating waste water generated by the wet-process deacidification tower through a waste water treatment device, injecting the purified flue gas into a pipeline at the front end of a fan of a waste incineration power plant, and discharging the purified flue gas into the atmosphere along with the purified flue gas of the waste incineration power plant.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the plasma fly ash fusion treatment is performed in combination with a waste incineration power plant, the method comprising: the half-dry reaction tower is sprayed with the chemical agents with the molar ratio of sodium bicarbonate to chlorine to sulfur of 1:1, the calcium-sulfur ratio of 1:1 and the calcium-chlorine ratio of 1: 2.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the plasma fly ash fusion treatment is performed in combination with a waste incineration power plant, the method comprising: the additive in the step (4) is a silicon-containing substance.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the plasma fly ash fusion treatment is performed in combination with a waste incineration power plant, the method comprising: in order to enable the smoke emission to reach the standard, a CEMS real-time monitoring system is installed at the smoke emission port of the fan and in the fly ash collecting bin, and the chlorine content in the vitreous body depends on the components of the fly ash generated by burning the garbage, so that periodic sampling is required to detect the components of the fly ash and the vitreous body.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plasma fly ash fusion treatment is performed in combination with a waste incineration power plant, the method comprising: in the operation process, if the CEMS real-time monitoring system gives an alarm and the waste incineration fly ash is appropriate in component, the spraying amount of the sodium bicarbonate is increased until the flue gas emission meets the requirement; if the smoke emission is normal and the waste incineration fly ash is not proper, ensuring that the smoke emission meets the requirements, increasing the injection amount of sodium bicarbonate and reducing the injection amount of calcium hydroxide, or adding a small amount of sodium bicarbonate into an additive and bringing the sodium bicarbonate into a plasma melting furnace; if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are not normal, the spraying amount of the sodium bicarbonate is increased firstly, and if the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are still abnormal, the spraying amount of the calcium hydroxide is increased until the smoke emission and the waste incineration fly ash components are normal.
CN202011188925.5A 2020-10-30 2020-10-30 Plasma fly ash melting treatment system and method combined with waste incineration power plant Pending CN112628738A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113958959A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-01-21 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 Method for controlling dioxin emission in flying ash plasma melting process
CN113979823A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-01-28 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Device and method for utilizing waste heat of slag of waste incineration power plant to co-produce acetylene
CN114011840A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-08 无锡市中合科技有限公司 Waste incineration fly ash resource utilization system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114011840A (en) * 2021-11-08 2022-02-08 无锡市中合科技有限公司 Waste incineration fly ash resource utilization system
CN113958959A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-01-21 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 Method for controlling dioxin emission in flying ash plasma melting process
CN113958959B (en) * 2021-11-12 2024-03-26 光大环保技术研究院（深圳）有限公司 Method for controlling dioxin emission in fly ash plasma melting process
CN113979823A (en) * 2021-12-09 2022-01-28 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Device and method for utilizing waste heat of slag of waste incineration power plant to co-produce acetylene
CN113979823B (en) * 2021-12-09 2024-04-16 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Device and method for co-producing acetylene by utilizing waste heat of slag of waste incineration power plant

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