CN112616535B - Rapid germination and seedling raising method for south sweet cherry seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cherry planting, and particularly relates to a rapid germination and seedling raising method for sweet cherry seeds in south. A method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds comprises the following steps: 1) selecting sweet cherry fruits in a fruit coloring period, obtaining sweet cherry seeds, and preserving at low temperature; 2) preparing an organic-inorganic mixed matrix containing GA germination accelerating hormone, and keeping a moist and breathable state; 3) uniformly mixing the sweet cherry seeds with the shells with the organic and inorganic mixed matrix, keeping the moisture, germinating for 40-50 days, taking out and sowing. The method abandons the prior adoption of mature fruits, adopts sweet cherry fruits in the fruit coloring period and obtains sweet cherry seeds, adopts the sweet cherry seeds with shells, and adopts the germination accelerating hormone to accelerate the germination in the organic and inorganic mixed matrix, so that the germination seeds are rapidly obtained, the seed activity is higher, and the germination rate is higher.

Description

Rapid germination and seedling raising method for south sweet cherry seeds

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cherry planting, and particularly relates to a rapid germination and seedling raising method for sweet cherry seeds in south.

Background

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) Prunus (Prunus) Cerasus (Cerasus) Laurera, and is called as early spring first fruit. The sweet cherry is a famous cherry and is originally produced along the coast of the European black sea and in the western Asia. In recent years, sweet cherries develop rapidly in southern areas, but cherry varieties suitable for being planted in the southern areas have certain limitations in adaptability, more sweet cherry varieties suitable for being planted in the southern areas need to be selected, and seedling selection is a main mode for selecting new sweet cherry varieties at present.

The sweet cherry seeds are not easy to germinate, the seeds can germinate only by being stored in sand for 4-5 months at low temperature, and the germination rate is low. In the south, the sweet cherry seedlings are seriously influenced by high temperature and humidity in summer. These problems severely restrict the process of breeding new variety of south sweet cherry.

The Chinese invention patent application (publication No. CN105284234A, published: 20160203) discloses a method for improving the germination rate of sweet cherry seeds. The method adopts a technical means of breaking shells and breaking dormancy at low temperature, promotes core-shell cracking, increases seed coat permeability, and is beneficial to decomposition or conversion of inhibiting substances in seed coats. The barrier of the core shell is broken through the seeds after the mechanical shell breaking, and the germination rate can be greatly improved after the seeds are treated at low temperature. The method has strong operability, does not need to remove seed coats, is suitable for large-scale treatment, is slightly influenced by the outside, has high germination speed, does not need hormone medicines such as gibberellin and the like, has the germination rate of over 95 percent, can improve the germination rate by 50 to 80 percent compared with the existing sand-storage stratification treatment method, and has the germination rate of over 90 percent. However, the method needs low-temperature and wet treatment for 90-120 days, and is not beneficial to the rapid breeding of the new variety of the sweet cherries in the south.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, an object of the application is to provide a method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds, which abandons the prior use of mature fruits, adopts sweet cherry fruits in a fruit coloring period and obtains sweet cherry seeds, adopts sweet cherry seeds with shells, and performs germination acceleration in an organic-inorganic mixed matrix through germination accelerating hormone, so that the germinated seeds are rapidly obtained, the seed vitality is higher, and the germination rate is higher.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

a method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds comprises the following steps:

1) selecting sweet cherry fruits in a fruit coloring period, obtaining sweet cherry seeds, and preserving at low temperature;

2) preparing an organic-inorganic mixed matrix containing GA germination accelerating hormone, and keeping a moist and breathable state;

3) uniformly mixing the sweet cherry seeds with the shells with the organic and inorganic mixed matrix, keeping the moisture, germinating for 40-50 days, taking out and sowing.

As a further improvement, sweet cherry fruits without diseases and insect pests are collected, pulp is removed, sweet cherry seeds with full and mellow operating particles are selected, the sweet cherry seeds are placed in a disinfectant for disinfection treatment, the seeds are filtered out and dried in the shade for 2-3 hours, and the sweet cherry seeds are stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.

Preferably, the disinfection treatment is carried out by soaking the raw materials in 800 times of 80% mancozeb for 5-10 min, and stirring the raw materials for 3-5 times. 80% mancozeb is soaked in 800 times of solution to play a role in disinfection, and the pollution of bacteria, fungi and the like in the germination process of seeds is solved.

As a further improvement, the seeds are placed in gauze bags, 150-200 seeds are placed in each bag, and the gauze bags are placed in a large amount of clear water to be repeatedly scrubbed to remove residual pulp. The seeds are placed into the gauze bag for repeated rubbing and washing, so that residual pulp can be removed, and mildew caused by rotting is prevented;

preferably, the organic-inorganic mixed matrix adopts perlite, grass peat and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the perlite, the grass peat and the vermiculite is 2-6:1-4: 1-4. More preferably, the volume ratio of the perlite, the grass peat and the vermiculite is 4:3: 3. The organic-inorganic mixed matrix adopted by the application fully exerts the air permeability and water retention capacity of the perlite, the vermiculite and the turf, and provides enough nutrient substances for seed germination.

Preferably, the GA concentration is 800-2000mg/L, and the 1L mixed matrix addition amount is 50-200 mL. Preferably, the pregermination hormone is GA +6-BA solution; GA in mass ratio: 6-BA 80-150: 1-2. Most preferably, 80-120 mLGA +6-BA solution is added into 1L of mixed matrix, and the GA +6-BA solution contains 1000mg/L of GA and 10mg/L of 6-BA. The germination accelerating hormone used in the application plays a role in breaking dormancy of seeds and promoting germination by GA and 6-BA.

Further, the application also discloses a sweet cherry seed rapid seedling method, which comprises the following steps:

1) the method obtains the sweet cherry seeds and seeds are sowed in a forest seedling culture hole tray,

2) placing the plug tray in an illumination incubator, controlling the illumination at 6000lx, the temperature at 22-23 ℃ and the humidity at 60-70%, and spraying the 800-fold hypersensitive protein immune preparation once every 7 days;

3) and transplanting the seedlings into a beauty planting bag for management when the height of the seedlings is 6-10 cm.

This application is owing to adopted foretell technical scheme, and this application's advantage is: selecting sweet cherry seeds in the fruit coloring period, wherein the seeds have higher activity and higher germination rate; the seeds sprout and grow seedlings with the shells, the influence of substances such as hormones on the seeds is reduced, the seeds sprout under the state close to the natural state, and the resistance of the seedlings in the later period is stronger. This application carries out vernalization through vernalization hormone in organic inorganic mixed matrix, obtains the seed that sprouts fast, and the seed vigor is higher, and the germination rate is higher.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a seedling of example 1 of the present application.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of seedlings of comparative example 2 after removing the fruit pits.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A method for treating sweet cherry seeds in south by quick germination and seedling comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection and screening:

a. collecting sweet cherry fruits without plant diseases and insect pests in the fruit coloring period, removing pulp, placing seeds in gauze bags (10 × 20cm), wherein 150-200 seeds are placed in each bag, and repeatedly rubbing and washing the seeds in a large amount of clear water to remove residual pulp.

b. And (b) selecting sweet cherry seeds with full and round particles in the operation a, soaking the sweet cherry seeds in 800 times of 80% mancozeb for 5-10 min, stirring for 3-5 times during the soaking, filtering out the seeds, drying in the shade for 2-3 h, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use.

(2) And (3) rapid seed germination treatment:

a. preparing a mixed matrix by the volume ratio of perlite, turf and vermiculite to be 4:3:3, putting the mixed matrix into a stirrer, stirring for 5-10 min, fully mixing, airing for 2-3 days, fully drying, and collecting for later use.

b. Preparing 1000mg/LGA solution and 10mg/L6-BA solution respectively, storing in brown bottle, and storing in refrigerator at 4 deg.C for use.

c. Adding 80-120 ml of GA +6-BA solution in the ratio of 1:1 into every 1L of mixed matrix, stirring uniformly to enable the mixed matrix to be in a wet and breathable state, adding 200-300 processed sweet cherry seeds, mixing uniformly, filling into a gauze bag, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃.

d. Taking out the seeds every 10 days to observe the germination condition of the seeds, supplementing the water of the mixed matrix in time, and taking out the seeds for sowing in time after the embryonic roots of the seeds grow to half the length of the seeds after 40-50 days.

(3) Seed sowing management:

a. and (3) sowing the germinated sweet cherry seeds into 50-hole forest seedling cultivation hole trays filled with seedling cultivation substrates, and sowing 1 seed in each hole.

b. And (3) placing the plug tray in an illumination incubator, controlling the illumination at 6000lx, the temperature at 22-23 ℃ and the humidity at 60-70%, and spraying the 800-fold hypersensitive protein immune preparation once every 7 days.

c. And c, transplanting the seedlings into a beauty planting bag (30 multiplied by 30cm) for management when the height of the seedlings in the step a reaches 6-10 cm.

Comparative example 1

Compared with the example 1, the sweet cherry seeds in the coloring period in the step (1) are not used, the sweet cherry seeds stored for one month after being fully matured are adopted, and other steps are as in the example 1.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the example 1, the comparative example 1 has the advantages that after the kernel is removed, the germination treatment is carried out, and other steps are as in the example 1.

TABLE 1 Experimental data for different treatment germination treatment methods

	Number of seeds processed	Number of sprouted seeds	Time of germination	Germination rate
					Example 1	300	284	40	94.67
Comparative example 1	300	100	40	33.33
					Comparative example 2	300	289	40	96.33

As can be seen from the table, the germination rate of the sweet cherry seeds is as high as 94.67% by using the method of the embodiment 1, and the effect is obvious; comparative example 2 although a better germination rate was obtained, the seedlings were misshapen (as shown in fig. 2).

Comparative example 3

In comparison with example 1, in comparative example 3, the mixed matrix is prepared without using the perlite, peat and vermiculite in the volume ratio of 4:3:3 in step (2), and different treatment matrixes are used, except that the steps of the method are the same.

TABLE 2 Experimental data for different treatment substrates

Treatment of different substrates	Number of seeds	Number of sprouts	Germination rate/after one month
				Coarse sand	300	82	0.273333
Fine sand	300	79	0.263333
				Grass peat	300	159	0.53
Perlite	300	193	0.643333
				Pearlite, vermiculite and grass carbon in a ratio of 4:3	300	284	0.946667

Comparative example 4

This comparative example was carried out without using the 1:1 ratio GA +6-BA solution described in step (2) and with a different hormone treatment than in example 1, except that the process steps were otherwise identical.

TABLE 3 Experimental data for different hormone treatments

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (5)

1. A method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) selecting sweet cherry fruits in a fruit coloring period, obtaining sweet cherry seeds, and preserving at low temperature; the method specifically comprises the following steps: collecting sweet cherry fruits without diseases and insect pests, removing pulp, selecting sweet cherry seeds with full and round particles, placing the sweet cherry seeds in a disinfectant for disinfection treatment, filtering out the seeds, drying the seeds in the shade for 2-3 h, and storing the seeds in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use;

2) preparing an organic-inorganic mixed matrix containing GA germination accelerating hormone, and keeping a moist and breathable state; the organic-inorganic mixed matrix adopts perlite, turf and vermiculite, and the volume ratio of the perlite, the turf and the vermiculite is 2-6:1-4: 1-4; the germination accelerating hormone adopts GA +6-BA solution; GA in mass ratio: 6-BA =80-150: 1-2; adding 80-120 mLGA +6-BA solution into 1L of mixed matrix, wherein the GA concentration is 1000mg/L, and the 6-BA concentration is 10 mg/L;

3) uniformly mixing the sweet cherry seeds with the shells with the organic and inorganic mixed matrix, keeping the moisture, germinating for 40-50 days, taking out and sowing.

2. The method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds in claim 1, wherein the disinfection treatment is carried out by soaking the sweet cherry seeds in 800 times of 80% mancozeb for 5-10 min, and stirring the mixture for 3-5 times.

3. The method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds in claim 1, wherein the removing of the pulp specifically comprises: and (3) putting the seeds into gauze bags, wherein 150-200 seeds are put into each gauze bag, and putting the gauze bags into a large amount of clean water for repeated scrubbing to remove residual pulp.

4. The method for rapidly germinating sweet cherry seeds in claim 1, wherein perlite, turf and vermiculite are =4:3:3 in volume ratio.

5. A method for quickly raising seedlings of sweet cherry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) sowing the sweet cherry seeds obtained by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4 into a forest seedling plug,

2) placing the plug tray in an illumination incubator, controlling the illumination at 6000lx, the temperature at 22-23 ℃ and the humidity at 60-70%, and spraying the 800-fold hypersensitive protein immune preparation once every 7 days;

3) and transplanting the seedlings into a beauty planting bag for management when the height of the seedlings is 6-10 cm.

Images