CN112605551A - Connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal and brazing method - Google Patents
Connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal and brazing method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
- B23K1/206—Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal, which comprises a titanium base metal and a copper base metal, wherein a multi-interlayer structure is arranged between surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal, the multi-interlayer structure comprises brazing filler metal 1 and brazing filler metal 2, a refractory metal interlayer is arranged between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2, and the refractory metal interlayer is not melted in a brazing temperature range; the brazing filler metal 1 is positioned between the titanium base metal and the refractory metal interlayer and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize diffusion brazing connection; the brazing filler metal 2 is positioned between the refractory metal intermediate layer and the copper base metal and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize active brazing connection; the brazing method comprises the following steps: pre-treating the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal; pretreatment of a multi-interlayer material; assembling a brazing component; brazing in a furnace; the problem that a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds are generated on the joint interface in the conventional titanium-copper welding is solved, and the titanium-copper joint without a brittle interface reaction product is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dissimilar metal connection, in particular to a connection structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal and a brazing method.
Background
Because titanium and titanium alloy have excellent mechanical properties, high specific strength and excellent corrosion resistance, the titanium and titanium alloy are preferred structural materials in the fields of aerospace, nuclear power generation, chemical industry and machinery and the like; compared with other conventional alloy materials, copper and copper alloy have obvious performance advantages in the aspects of electric conduction and heat conduction. Therefore, the composite member made by connecting titanium and copper not only can fully exploit the performance advantages of two materials and meet the performance requirements of different working conditions, but also reduces the using amount of expensive titanium materials and the member cost, and has wide engineering application prospect.
However, the key difficulty of the existing titanium and copper connection is that the two have poor metallurgical compatibility, and when the titanium and the copper are welded by adopting a fusion welding method, the fusion welding of the two is easy to generate a large amount of titanium-copper intermetallic compounds. Due to the huge intrinsic brittleness of the titanium-copper intermetallic compound, cracks are easy to generate and rapidly expand under load, so that the strength of the joint is low, and the practical application requirements of engineering cannot be met. In order to solve the technical problems, brazing is often adopted for welding titanium and copper, and brazing is a solid-state connection method, during brazing, a low-melting-point brazing filler metal is melted, wets the surface of a base material and performs metallurgical reaction with the base material, so that metallurgical connection is realized, and the interface reaction between titanium and copper is easier to control than fusion welding.
However, brazing has a technical problem that titanium-copper infrared vacuum brazing using Ag-28Cu eutectic brazing filler metal is reported in The documents [ R.K. Shiue, S.K. Wu, C.H. Chan, The interfacial transactions of fractured brazing Cu and Ti with two silver-based brazing alloys, J.all. Comp.372 (2004) 148- ] and titanium-copper intermetallic compounds are generated at The joint interface to deteriorate The joint mechanical properties. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the joint are extremely sensitive to brazing parameters, and slight deviation of the process parameters from optimal process conditions can result in a sharp drop in the strength of the joint.
Another document [ J.G.Lee, G.H.Kim, M.K.Lee, C.K.Rhe. Intermetallic formation in a Ti-Cu discrete doped used a Zr-based amorphous alloy filter. Intermetallic, 2010, 18 (4): 529-535 ] reports that by adjusting the brazing parameters, complex microstructures with multiphase alternating distribution can Be formed in the joint. The joint strength can reach 160 MPa due to the dispersing effect on cracks caused by the presence of a large number of phase interfaces. Although brazing can improve the strength of the titanium-copper joint to some extent, the adverse effects of brittle interface reactions are not completely eliminated and the joint strength is still far lower than the parent metal strength.
To completely eliminate the adverse effect of brittle intermetallic compounds at the joint interface on the strength of titanium-copper brazed joints, the documents [ M.K. Lee, J.G. Lee, J.K. Lee, J.J. Park, G.J. Lee, Y.R. Uhm, C.K. Rhee, Strong bonding of titanium to copper through the alloying of the british interface, J.Mater. Res.23 (2008) 2254-, H.B. Xu. design of a in Mo diffusion barrier devices structures and reusable Ti/Cu discrete bridging Mater. Sci. Eng. A786 (2020) 139469 ] reported titanium-copper brazed joints using a diffusion barrier. Due to the existence of the diffusion barrier layer, the direct reaction of the titanium base material with extremely high activity and the brazing filler metal is avoided, the problem of generation of brittle intermetallic compounds is avoided, and the joint with the strength higher than that of the copper base material is obtained. However, this method requires a diffusion barrier layer to be formed on the surface of titanium by sputtering or plating, which is complicated in process and expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a connection structure and a soldering method for soldering titanium and copper by using a multi-interlayer solder, which can realize the strength connection of titanium and copper without additionally preparing a diffusion barrier layer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal comprises a titanium base metal and a copper base metal, wherein a multi-interlayer structure is arranged between surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal, the multi-interlayer structure comprises brazing filler metal 1 and brazing filler metal 2, a refractory metal interlayer is arranged between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2, and the refractory metal interlayer is not melted within a brazing temperature range; the brazing filler metal 1 is positioned between the titanium base material and the refractory metal interlayer and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize diffusion brazing connection; the brazing filler metal 2 is located between the refractory metal middle layer and the copper base metal, and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize active brazing connection.
In the brazing process of the connecting structure, the refractory metal middle layer is not melted, the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 are melted simultaneously, and the brazing filler metal 1 is connected between the titanium base metal and the refractory metal middle layer through diffusion brazing; the brazing filler metal 2 is connected between the refractory metal intermediate layer and the copper base metal through active brazing.
Meanwhile, at the brazing temperature, the melting point reducing elements in the brazing filler metal 1 are fully diffused to the titanium base metal by heat preservation for a long time, so that the fact that a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds do not exist on the interfaces of the titanium base metal, the brazing filler metal 1 and the refractory metal middle layer is ensured, meanwhile, the scheme can solve the problem that a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds are generated on the joint interface in the conventional titanium-copper welding process under the condition that an additional diffusion blocking layer does not need to be prepared, reaction products of the non-brittle interface are obtained, and the connection strength of the non-brittle interface reaction products exceeds that of a high-strength.
Further, the brazing filler metal 1 is titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal is 780-860 ℃. By the design, the brazing filler metal 1 and the titanium base metal have good metallurgical compatibility.
Further, the titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal is composed of any one of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu, and Ti-Zr-Ni, or a low-melting eutectic or amorphous alloy formed by adding any one of Al, Fe, Be, and Sn to the above-mentioned components. By the design, the titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal and the titanium base material have good metallurgical compatibility.
Further, the brazing filler metal 2 is silver copper titanium-based active brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal is 780-830 ℃. By the design, the brazing filler metal 2 and the copper base metal have good metallurgical compatibility.
Furthermore, active elements of titanium or zirconium with the content of 0.5-5% are added into the silver-copper titanium-based active solder.
Further, the content of titanium in the silver-copper-titanium-based active solder is 0.75-5%.
Further, the refractory metal intermediate layer is any one of niobium, vanadium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten, and the thickness of the refractory metal intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 10 micrometers. By the design, the refractory metal interlayer can effectively prevent the mutual diffusion reaction between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 in the brazing process.
Further, the brazing temperatures of the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 are consistent. By the design, the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base material or the copper base material and the surface of the refractory metal intermediate layer can be fully melted and well wetted at the same brazing temperature.
Furthermore, the brazing temperature is 820-900 ℃. Design like this, guarantee brazing temperature and the melting point phase-match of brazing filler metal composition, be enough to guarantee that the brazing filler metal fully melts and the treat face of weld of good moist titanium base metal or copper base metal to and refractory metal intermediate layer surface, avoid the brazing filler metal to excessively flow away simultaneously.
Further, the brazing heat preservation time is set to ensure that the melting point reducing elements in the brazing filler metal 1 are sufficiently diffused to the titanium base metal. By the design, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds can be prevented from being accumulated on the joint interface of the titanium base material-brazing filler metal 1-refractory metal intermediate layer.
A brazing method for welding a connection structure of titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of surfaces to be welded of titanium parent metal and copper parent metal
Selecting titanium and copper test pieces with certain sizes according to the actual requirements of workpieces, grinding the surfaces to be welded of the test pieces, and polishing until the surface roughness of the titanium is less than or equal to Ra 0.1 micrometer and the surface roughness of the copper is less than or equal to Ra 0.05 micrometer;
step two: pretreatment of multiple interlayer materials
Polishing the surfaces of the brazing filler metal 1, the refractory metal intermediate layer and the brazing filler metal 2, and removing surface stains and an oxide layer;
step three: brazed component assembly
Assembling the treated titanium base metal, copper base metal, brazing filler metal 1, brazing filler metal 2 and refractory metal intermediate layer according to the sequence of the titanium base metal, the brazing filler metal 1, the refractory metal intermediate layer and the brazing filler metal 2, and ensuring that the relative positions of the materials are kept stable in the furnace entering process to form a titanium and copper brazing component;
step four: brazing in furnaces
And (3) loading the assembled titanium and copper brazing components into a brazing furnace, and performing brazing connection according to the time and brazing temperature required by the process under vacuum.
According to the scheme, the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal, the copper base metal and the multi-interlayer material are only required to be cleaned, the operation is simple, the brazing filler metal 1 is contacted with the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal, the brazing filler metal 2 is contacted with the surfaces to be welded of the copper base metal, and the refractory metal interlayer is arranged between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2, so that the mutual dissolving phenomenon between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 can be avoided, meanwhile, the titanium base metal and the refractory metal are brazed through the brazing filler metal 1, the copper base metal and the refractory metal interlayer are brazed through the brazing filler metal 2, the multi-interlayer material design, screening, matching and process route selection are analyzed, and the problem that a brittle metal part compound is generated at a joint interface in the titanium-copper brazing process is avoided through.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention avoids mutual solubility between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 through the refractory metal middle layer, meanwhile, at the brazing temperature, the brazing filler metal 1 is melted between the titanium base material and the refractory metal middle layer to form diffusion brazing connection, the brazing filler metal 2 is melted between the refractory metal middle layer and the copper base material to form active brazing connection, and in the whole brazing process, a diffusion barrier layer does not need to be additionally prepared, so that brittle interface reaction products in conventional titanium and copper brazed joints can be completely eliminated.
2. The brazing method adopted by the invention can obtain the titanium-copper dissimilar material joint with the strength equivalent to that of the copper base metal by brazing connection in one step.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a connection structure for welding titanium and copper using a multi-interlayer brazing filler metal according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing illustrating a connection structure for welding titanium and copper using a multi-layer brazing filler metal according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of a joint interface of a connection structure for welding titanium and copper by using a multi-interlayer brazing filler metal at a temperature of 900 ℃ for 1 minute in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of a joint interface of a connection structure for welding titanium and copper by using a multi-interlayer brazing filler metal at a temperature of 900 ℃ for 10 minutes in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a connection structure of titanium and copper welded using a multi-interlayer solder according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a tensile stress-strain curve of a connection structure of titanium and copper welded using a multi-layer solder according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1, a connection structure for welding titanium and copper by using a multi-interlayer brazing filler metal comprises a titanium base metal and a copper base metal, wherein a multi-interlayer structure is arranged between surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal, the multi-interlayer structure comprises a brazing filler metal 1 and a brazing filler metal 2, a refractory metal interlayer is arranged between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2, and the refractory metal interlayer is not melted within a brazing temperature range; the brazing filler metal 1 is positioned between the titanium base material and the refractory metal interlayer and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize diffusion brazing connection; the brazing filler metal 2 is located between the refractory metal middle layer and the copper base metal, and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize active brazing connection.
The size of the refractory metal middle layer is not smaller than the size of the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal, and the sizes of the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 are not larger than the sizes of the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal.
Preferably, the brazing filler metal 1 is titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal is 780-860 ℃.
Preferably, the titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing material component is any one of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu, and Ti-Zr-Ni, or a low-melting eutectic or amorphous alloy formed by adding any one of Al, Fe, Be, and Sn to the above-mentioned component.
Preferably, the brazing filler metal 2 is silver-copper-titanium-based active brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal is 780-830 ℃.
Preferably, the silver-copper titanium-based active solder is added with active elements of titanium or zirconium with the content of 0.5-5%.
Preferably, the content of titanium in the silver-copper-titanium-based active solder is 0.75-5%.
Preferably, the refractory metal intermediate layer is any one of a foil or plate of niobium, vanadium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten, and the thickness of the refractory metal intermediate layer is greater than or equal to 10 micrometers. By the design, the refractory metal interlayer can effectively prevent the mutual diffusion reaction between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 in the brazing process.
Preferably, the brazing temperatures of the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 are the same. By the design, the surfaces to be welded of the titanium base material or the copper base material and the surface of the refractory metal intermediate layer can be fully melted and well wetted at the same brazing temperature.
Preferably, the brazing temperature is 820 to 900 ℃. Design like this, guarantee brazing temperature and the melting point phase-match of brazing filler metal composition, be enough to guarantee that the brazing filler metal fully melts and the treat face of weld of good moist titanium base metal or copper base metal to and refractory metal intermediate layer surface, avoid the brazing filler metal to excessively flow away simultaneously.
Preferably, the brazing is performed for a holding time to ensure that the melting point depressant in the brazing filler metal 1 is sufficiently diffused into the titanium base material. By the design, a large amount of brittle intermetallic compounds can be prevented from being accumulated on the joint interface of the titanium base material-brazing filler metal 1-refractory metal intermediate layer.
The titanium base material in the embodiment is pure titanium or any grade of titanium alloy, and the copper base material is copper alloy such as pure copper or bronze; on the basis of titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal, a low-melting-point eutectic alloy formed by a plurality of heterogeneous components is added. Generally, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni or Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni is used as the main component, and the melting point is generally 780-900 ℃. For this reason, the present embodiment preferably uses Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni or Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni solders having melting points in the range of 800 to 850 ℃, but is not limited to the selected solders.
In the following embodiment, the copper base material is T2 pure copper square bar with the size of 20X 35 mm3(ii) a The titanium parent material is TA2 industrial pure titanium square bar with the size of 20 multiplied by 35 mm3。
The brazing filler metal 1 is amorphous Ti-26Zr-26Ni, the melting point is 850 ℃, and the thickness is 30 microns; the brazing filler metal 2 is Ag-36.5Cu-1.5Ti active brazing filler metal, the melting point is 830 ℃, and the thickness is 100 microns; the refractory metal intermediate layer adopts molybdenum, and the molybdenum intermediate layer is pure molybdenum foil with the thickness of 30 microns.
In example 1, a method for brazing titanium and copper using a multi-layer braze material includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of surfaces to be welded of titanium parent metal and copper parent metal
Cutting samples with the length of 35 mm from TA2 industrial pure titanium square rods and T2 pure copper square rods by adopting linear cutting, and polishing the surfaces to be welded to 5000# abrasive paper by adopting SiC abrasive paper; and polishing by adopting 1.5-micron alumina polishing paste on a polishing machine, after polishing, putting the sample into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, taking out, spraying alcohol, and drying for later use.
Step two: pretreatment of multiple interlayer materials
And (3) polishing the surfaces of the brazing filler metal 1, the brazing filler metal 2 and the molybdenum intermediate layer by using No. 400 abrasive paper, then performing ultrasonic cleaning in acetone to remove surface oil stains, taking out the brazing filler metal, spraying alcohol to blow the brazing filler metal, and cutting the brazing filler metal into the brazing filler metal with the same size as the butt joint surface of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal for later use.
Step three: brazed component assembly
Assembling the treated titanium base material, copper base material, brazing filler metal 1, brazing filler metal 2 and refractory metal intermediate layer according to the sequence of the titanium base material- (Ti-26 Zr-26 Ni) brazing filler metal-molybdenum intermediate layer- (Ag-36.5 Cu-1.5 Ti) brazing filler metal-copper base material, and ensuring that the relative positions of the materials are kept stable in the furnace charging process to form the titanium and copper brazing component.
Step four: brazing in furnaces
First, a vacuum furnace is evacuated to 5X 10-3Pa, then placing the titanium and copper brazing component in a vacuum furnace, heating to 900 ℃, preserving heat for 1-10 minutes, cooling along with the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and finishing the brazing in the furnace.
Test 1: example 1 characterization of joint interface texture in titanium and copper brazed components
The titanium and copper brazing component is obtained by the brazing method, and when the heat preservation time is 1 minute and 10 minutes through experimental observation, the interface structure of the multi-interlayer brazing titanium and copper joint is adopted for characterization, wherein referring to fig. 3, when the heat preservation time is 1 minute, no intermetallic compound is generated in an interface area 2 between the copper base material and the molybdenum interlayer, and only the residual silver-based active brazing filler metal is generated, because the silver, the copper and the molybdenum are completely immiscible, so that the metallurgical reaction between the copper base material and the molybdenum interlayer is not obvious, and a large amount of intermetallic compound exists in the interface area 1 between the titanium base material and the molybdenum interlayer.
Referring to fig. 4, when the soak time was extended to 10 minutes, the intermetallic compound layer in the interface region 1 between the titanium base material and the molybdenum intermediate layer was hardly observed. This is because the nickel element in the brazing filler metal 1 is sufficiently diffused to the titanium base material during the long-term heat preservation. The titanium element in the base material desolventizes and diffuses into the brazing filler metal, so that the content of the nickel element in the interface region 1 is greatly reduced, and a large amount of intermetallic compound phases are not formed. This is because titanium and molybdenum are completely miscible and do not produce brittle intermetallic phases. Meanwhile, molybdenum is a strong beta titanium stabilizing element, and when molybdenum is dissolved in titanium, the solid solubility of heterogeneous elements such as nickel and copper in titanium is also enlarged, and the tendency of forming intermetallic compounds is further reduced.
Test 2: example 1 mechanical testing of brazed joints in titanium and copper brazed parts
Referring to fig. 2, a standard tensile sample was obtained by processing the connection structure using wire cutting, and the brazed joint strength was measured at room temperature. Referring to fig. 5, the tensile stress-strain curves of the titanium and copper braze joints under different conditions, as can be seen from fig. 5, are lower for the titanium and copper braze joint strength when the hold time is 1 minute; and when the heat preservation time is prolonged to 10 minutes, the joint strength is obviously improved and even exceeds the strength of the copper base metal.
Meanwhile, in the tensile experiment, the fracture position occurs on the copper base material, and the joint interface is kept stable, which shows that the connection strength of the titanium and copper brazing joint is superior to that of the copper base material.
Example 2: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that: the copper base material has the size of 20 multiplied by 35 mm3 T2 pure copper square bar; the titanium base material has the size of 20 multiplied by 35 mm3TA2 commercial purity titanium square bar; the brazing filler metal 1 adopts amorphous Zr-24Ti-16Ni-10Cu with the melting point of 790 ℃ and the thickness of 30 microns; the brazing filler metal 2 is Ag-28Cu-2Ti active brazing filler metal with the melting point of 800 ℃ and the thickness of 100 microns; the refractory metal intermediate layer is a niobium intermediate layer with the thickness of 30 microns, and the niobium intermediate layer is a pure niobium foil.
In example 2, a method for brazing titanium and copper using a multi-layer braze material includes the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of surfaces to be welded of titanium parent metal and copper parent metal
Cutting samples with the length of 35 mm from TA2 industrial pure titanium square rods and T2 pure copper square rods by adopting linear cutting, and polishing the abutting surfaces to 5000# abrasive paper by adopting SiC abrasive paper; and polishing by adopting 1.5-micron alumina polishing paste on a polishing machine, after polishing, putting the sample into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, taking out, spraying alcohol, and drying for later use.
Step two: pretreatment of multiple interlayer materials
And (3) polishing the surfaces of the brazing filler metal 1, the brazing filler metal 2 and the niobium intermediate layer by using No. 400 abrasive paper, then performing ultrasonic cleaning in acetone to remove surface oil stains, taking out the brazing filler metal, spraying alcohol to blow the brazing filler metal, and cutting the brazing filler metal into the brazing filler metal, wherein the brazing filler metal and the niobium intermediate layer have the same size as the butt joint surface of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal for.
Step three: brazed component assembly
Assembling the treated titanium base material, copper base material, brazing filler metal 1, brazing filler metal 2 and refractory metal interlayer according to the sequence of the titanium base material- (Zr-24 Ti-16Ni-10 Cu) brazing filler metal-niobium interlayer- (Ag-28 Cu-2 Ti) brazing filler metal-copper base material, and ensuring that the relative positions of the materials are kept stable in the furnace charging process to form a titanium and copper brazing component.
Step four: brazing in furnaces
First, a vacuum furnace is evacuated to 5X 10-3Pa, then placing the titanium and copper brazing component in a vacuum furnace, heating to 830 ℃ at a heating speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2-30 min, cooling along with the furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and finishing the furnace brazing.
In example 2, the brazing temperature was chosen to be significantly lower than that of example 1, because the brazing filler metal had a lower melting point. Because the brazing temperature is low, the diffusion speed of heterogeneous elements Ni and Cu in the brazing filler metal to a base material is reduced, so that the heat preservation time needs to be prolonged, and the sufficient homogenization of the interface structure between the titanium and the refractory metal intermediate layer is ensured.
Test 3: example 2 mechanical testing of brazed joints in titanium and copper brazed parts
Referring to fig. 2, a standard tensile sample was obtained by processing the connection structure using wire cutting, and the brazed joint strength was measured at room temperature. Referring to fig. 6, the tensile stress-strain curves of the titanium and copper braze joints under different conditions, it can be seen from fig. 6 that the titanium and copper braze joint strength is low, only about 80 MPa, when the holding time is 2 minutes.
When the heat preservation time is prolonged to 20 minutes, the strength of the titanium and copper soldered joint is obviously improved to 164 MPa. And when the heat preservation time is prolonged to 30 minutes, the interface of the titanium and copper soldered joint is kept stable in a tensile test, and fracture occurs in the copper base material, which shows that the connection strength of the titanium and copper soldered joint is superior to that of the copper base material.
In summary, the refractory metal interlayer in the present invention can be any one of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and vanadium, and in the specific embodiment, two embodiments of the molybdenum interlayer and the niobium interlayer using the typical refractory metal interlayer are given. The present invention does not give specific examples for tungsten, tantalum and vanadium interlayers, but the basic principle of functioning is consistent with the molybdenum and niobium interlayers of examples 1 and 2.
Because tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and vanadium have higher melting points and cannot be melted within the brazing temperature range in the invention, the brazing filler metal has the effect of effectively blocking the reaction between the brazing filler metals; meanwhile, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and vanadium can be infinitely mutually dissolved with titanium, and the tungsten, the molybdenum, the tantalum, the niobium and the vanadium can form a continuous solid solution with excellent mechanical property by diffusion and mutual dissolution; and secondly, tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and vanadium are completely insoluble with silver and copper, and the brazing with the silver-copper-titanium active brazing filler metal cannot cause generation of a poor interface reaction product.
Thus, the above specific examples 1 and 2 can sufficiently represent the feasibility and effectiveness of the tungsten interlayer, the tantalum interlayer, and the vanadium interlayer in the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the technical solutions, and those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A connecting structure for welding titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal comprises a titanium base metal and a copper base metal and is characterized in that a multi-interlayer structure is arranged between surfaces to be welded of the titanium base metal and the copper base metal, the multi-interlayer structure comprises brazing filler metal 1 and brazing filler metal 2, a refractory metal interlayer is arranged between the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2, and the refractory metal interlayer is not melted within a brazing temperature range; the brazing filler metal 1 is positioned between the titanium base material and the refractory metal interlayer and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize diffusion brazing connection; the brazing filler metal 2 is located between the refractory metal middle layer and the copper base metal, and is melted at the brazing temperature to realize active brazing connection.
2. The structure for welding the connection between titanium and copper by using the multi-interlayer brazing filler metal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the brazing filler metal 1 is a titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the brazing filler metal is 780-860 ℃.
3. The structure for brazing a connection between titanium and copper using a multi-layer brazing filler metal according to claim 2, wherein the titanium-based or zirconium-based brazing filler metal is composed of any one of Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Zr-Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu, and Ti-Zr-Ni, or a low melting point eutectic or amorphous alloy formed by adding any one of Al, Fe, Be, and Sn to the above-mentioned composition.
4. The structure for welding a connection structure of titanium and copper by using a multi-interlayer brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the brazing filler metal 2 is a silver-copper-titanium-based active brazing filler metal, and the melting point of the silver-copper-titanium-based active brazing filler metal is 780 ℃ to 830 ℃.
5. The structure for welding a connection between titanium and copper by using the multi-interlayer brazing filler metal according to claim 4, wherein the silver-copper-titanium-based active brazing filler metal is added with an active element of titanium or zirconium in an amount of 0.5-5%.
6. The structure for connecting titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal according to claim 5, wherein the content of titanium in the silver-copper-titanium-based active brazing filler metal is 0.75% -5%.
7. The structure for brazing a connection between titanium and copper using a multi-layer braze according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein said refractory metal layer is any one of niobium, vanadium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten, and said refractory metal layer has a thickness greater than or equal to 10 μm.
8. A connection structure for welding titanium and copper using a multi-layer brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the brazing temperatures of the brazing filler metal 1 and the brazing filler metal 2 are the same.
9. The structure for connecting titanium and copper by brazing with a multi-layer brazing filler metal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the brazing temperature is 820 to 900 ℃.
10. A brazing method for welding a connection structure of titanium and copper by using multi-interlayer brazing filler metal is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: pretreatment of surfaces to be welded of titanium parent metal and copper parent metal
Selecting titanium and copper test pieces with certain sizes according to the actual requirements of workpieces, grinding the surfaces to be welded of the test pieces, and polishing until the surface roughness of the titanium is less than or equal to Ra 0.1 micrometer and the surface roughness of the copper is less than or equal to Ra 0.05 micrometer;
step two: pretreatment of multiple interlayer materials
Polishing the surfaces of the brazing filler metal 1, the refractory metal intermediate layer and the brazing filler metal 2, and removing surface stains and an oxide layer;
step three: brazed component assembly
Assembling the treated titanium base metal, copper base metal, brazing filler metal 1, brazing filler metal 2 and refractory metal intermediate layer according to the sequence of the titanium base metal, the brazing filler metal 1, the refractory metal intermediate layer and the brazing filler metal 2, and ensuring that the relative positions of the materials are kept stable in the furnace entering process to form a titanium and copper brazing component;
step four: brazing in furnaces
And (3) loading the assembled titanium and copper brazing components into a brazing furnace, and performing brazing connection according to the time and brazing temperature required by the process under vacuum.
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